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신에너지차 크로스 도메인(전기 구동 시스템 및 파워트레인 도메인) 통합 동향(2025-2026년)
New Energy Vehicle Cross-Domain (Electric Drive System and Powertrain Domain) Integration Trend Report,2025-2026
상품코드 : 1892138
리서치사 : ResearchInChina
발행일 : 2025년 12월
페이지 정보 : 영문 710 Pages
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한글목차

전기 구동 통합은 파워트레인 도메인 및 크로스 도메인 통합으로 발전하고 있습니다. 개발 관점에서 볼 때, 전기 구동 시스템은 독립적인 기계 부품에서 물리적, 기능적으로 통합된 '3-in-1' 또는 'X-in-1' 제품으로 발전해 왔습니다. 향후 파워트레인 도메인 솔루션을 형성하여 기계, 전기, 열, 제어 시스템에서 하드웨어와 소프트웨어의 시너지를 실현하여 성능과 지능을 향상시킬 것으로 보입니다. 최종적으로 다른 도메인(예: 섀시 도메인)의 제어 시스템과 통합되어 하드웨어의 표준화와 소프트웨어 정의 기능을 실현하고, 높은 수준의 자율주행 기술 탑재를 지원합니다.

향후 전기 구동 기술은 심층 통합 및 모듈화, 고전압 및 고효율 및 SiC 장치, 첨단 재료 및 공정, 시나리오 기반 정의 및 지능형 의사 결정을 중심으로 발전할 것으로 예측됩니다.

기술 측면에서는 플랫 와이어 기술, 유냉식 및 다재료 하이브리드 방열, SiC 솔루션의 능동적 NVH 억제, 기능 안전성 향상, 그리고 녹색 제조 및 재료 재활용 기술이 새로운 경쟁 영역이 될 것입니다.

제품 형태는 더 많은 통합을 위해 계속 진화하고 있습니다. "X-in-1" 시스템은 모터, 전기 제어, 열 관리, 전력 모듈을 통합하여 크기와 에너지 소비를 크게 줄였습니다. 지능화 추세가 눈에 띕니다. AI 알고리즘을 전기 제어 시스템에 내장하여 동적 효율 최적화 및 고장 예측을 실현하고, 소프트웨어 정의에 의한 전기 구동 능력이 크게 향상됩니다. 파워트레인 도메인 시스템은 '단일 기능'에서 '시스템 도메인 통합'으로 진화하고, 시나리오에 특화된 전력 조합을 통해 '안전+성능+지능'의 조화로운 발전을 실현합니다.

산업 경쟁의 초점은 하드웨어와 소프트웨어에서 '자체 개발 핵심 부품 + 생태계 연계'로 이동하고 있습니다.

트렌드 1: 분산형 전기 구동 시스템이 3모터 사륜구동, 4모터 독립 구동, 코너 모듈 기술 등 다양한 시나리오에서 적용을 촉진하고 있습니다.

분산형 전기 구동 시스템(구동 모터를 휠 또는 휠 림에 직접 통합하는 방식)의 보급으로 3모터 사륜구동, 4모터 독립 구동, 코너 모듈 기술이 빠르게 발전하고 있습니다. 분산형 전기 구동 시스템은 동력 시스템의 정밀한 제어와 유연한 레이아웃을 통해 다양한 시나리오에 대응할 수 있으며, 미래 신에너지 자동차의 지능화 및 전기화를 지원하는 핵심 기술이 될 것입니다.

동향 2: 14-in-1 고집적 전기 구동 시스템, 1,000V 전압 플랫폼, 30,000RPM 초고속 모터 등 신제품이 양산 단계에 접어들었습니다.

통합형 전기 구동 시스템의 핵심은 여러 구성 요소를 심층적으로 통합하여 시스템의 복잡성, 무게, 부피를 줄이고 에너지 이용 효율을 향상시키는 데 있습니다. BYD, Geely, CRRC 등의 기업은 '3+3+X'(모터+모터 컨트롤러+감속기+BMS+OBC+DC-DC 컨버터+옵션 모듈) 전기 구동 시스템을 출시하고 있습니다. 통합을 통해 하드웨어 구성 요소의 수와 와이어 하니스의 복잡성을 줄일 수 있을 뿐만 아니라, 각종 구성 요소의 연계를 최적화하여 시스템 효율을 92% 이상 향상시킬 수 있습니다. 파워트레인 영역은 기존의 배터리, 모터, 전기 제어 시스템에 국한되지 않고 섀시, 열 관리 등의 영역으로 확대되고 있습니다.

트렌드 3: 레인지 익스텐더 승용차 솔루션은 계속 진화하고 있으며, 1.5T 레인지 익스텐더가 업계의 주류가 되고 있습니다.

전기자동차의 급속한 발전과 함께, 주행거리 연장 전기자동차는 고유한 장점으로 인해 시장에서 새로운 인기를 얻고 있습니다. 레인지 익스텐더 전기자동차는 배터리 전기자동차에 추가 전원 장치를 장착하여 주행거리를 연장합니다. 이 설계는 일반적으로 엔진과 발전기로 구성된 레인지 익스텐더가 파워트레인 시스템에 전력을 공급하고 엔진 자체가 구동에 참여하지 않기 때문에 전체 구조가 단순화되고 신뢰성이 향상되며 제조 비용이 절감됩니다.

본 보고서는 중국 자동차 산업에 대한 조사 분석을 통해 신에너지 자동차의 전기 구동 및 파워트레인 기술에 대한 정보를 제공합니다.

목차

제1장 신에너지차 전기 구동 및 파워트레인 기술과 시장 동향

제2장 전기 구동 시스템 개발 동향

제3장 REEV/PHEV 파워트레인 및 구동 시스템 솔루션

제4장 파워트레인 도메인 크로스 도메인 통합 동향

제5장 OEM 전기 구동 및 파워트레인 도메인 레이아웃

LSH
영문 목차

영문목차

Electric Drive and Powertrain Domain Research: New technologies such as three-motor four-wheel drive, drive-brake integration, and corner modules are being rapidly installed in vehicles.

Electric drive integration is developing towards powertrain domain and cross-domain integration. From a developmental perspective, electric drive systems have evolved from separate, independent mechanical components to three-in-one and X-in-1 physically and functionally integrated products. In the future, they will form powertrain domain solutions, achieving synergy of hardware and software in mechanical, electrical, thermal, and control systems to improve performance and intelligence. Ultimately, they will be integrated with other domain (such as chassis domain) control systems to achieve hardware standardization and software-defined functions, as well as support the implementation of higher-level autonomous driving technologies.

In the future, electric drive will develop around deep integration and modularization, high voltage and high efficiency and SiC devices, advanced materials and processes, scenario-based definition and intelligent decision-making.

In terms of technology, flat wire technology, oil cooling and multi-material hybrid heat dissipation, active NVH suppression of SiC solutions, functional safety improvement, as well as green manufacturing and material recycling technologies will become new arenas.

The product form continues to evolve towards deep integration. "X-in-1" systems integrate motors, electric control, thermal management and power modules, greatly reducing size and energy consumption. The trend of intelligence is prominent. AI algorithms are embedded in electric control systems to optimize dynamic efficiency and predict faults, and the software-defined electric drive capability is significantly enhanced. Powertrain domain systems are evolving from "a single function" to "system domain integration". Through scenario-customized power combination, they will eventually achieve the coordinated development of "safety + performance + intelligence".

The industrial competition has shifted the focus from hardware and software to "self-developed core components + ecosystem collaboration".

Trend 1: Distributed electric drive systems prompt the application of three-motor four-wheel drive, four-motor independent drive and corner module technologies in various scenarios.

The widespread adoption of distributed electric drive systems (which integrate drive motors directly into the wheels or wheel rims) has driven the rapid development of three-motor four-wheel drive, four-motor independent drive, and corner module technologies. Through precise control and flexible layout of power systems, distributed electric drive systems cater to different scenarios and become the core support for the intelligent and electric transformation of future new energy vehicles.

Three-motor four-wheel drive: A layout with a dual-motor front axle and a single-motor rear axle is typically used to balance power performance and cost control; the powertrain domain architecture usually adopts a layout of "1 control unit at the front and 2 at the rear, or 2 control units at the front and 1 at the rear".

Four-motor independent drive: Each wheel is equipped with an independent motor to achieve precise torque vector control; the powertrain domain architecture is based on equipping each wheel with an independent drive motor to achieve precise torque output to each wheel.

Corner module technology: Drive, steering, and suspension functions are integrated into the wheel module, which is highly integrated. The ultimate form of distributed electric drive integrates drive, braking, steering, and suspension into the "corner module" of the wheel, and realizes "omnidirectional control" of the four wheels through the X-by-wire system.

At the policy level, China is promoting the formulation of relevant testing standards. In recent years, China has made a number of technological innovations and breakthroughs in the field of hub motor corner modules, and the large-scale application of these technologies has promoted the establishment of test method standards. Domestically, standards such as the "Test Methods for Torque Vector Control of Vehicles with Distributed Drive" and the "Technical Conditions for Corner Modules of Low-Speed Electric Vehicles" have been issued to regulate the design, production, and testing of corner modules.

Under the guidance of the China Society of Automotive Engineers, dozens of OEMs, universities, and enterprises and institutions in the testing, inspection, and end-product manufacturing industries participated in the development of a series of standards for "Key Test Methods for Automotive Wheel Hub Motor Corner Modules".

T/CSAE 378-2024 "Test Methods for Torque Vector Control of Electric Vehicles with Distributed Drive"

T/CSAE 377-2024 "Impact Test Methods for Automotive Wheel Hub Motor Corner Modules"

T/CSAE 376-2024 "Road Reliability Test Methods for Electric Vehicles Equipped with Wheel Hub Motor Corner Modules"

T/CSAE 375-2024 "Durability Test Methods for Shaft Coupling Structure of Automotive Wheel Hub Motor Corner Modules".

Global markets (such as Europe and North America) are pushing for the implementation of corner module regulations (such as UN R79.06) to support the commercialization of steer-by-wire and four-wheel independent steering. The "Uniform Provisions Concerning the Approval of Vehicles with Regard to

Steering Equipment" in UN Regulation No. 79 (UN R79) specifies the technical performance and test methods for advanced steering systems to verify the compliance of functional technologies. Automated steering systems include: Automatically Commanded Steering Function (ACSF), Corrective Steering Function (CSF), Emergency Steering Function (ESF), and Risk Mitigation Function (RMF), etc.

The intelligent corner module is not a single device, but a highly integrated wheel-level subsystem. Usually it contains:

Steer-by-Wire

Brake-by-wire (EHB/EMB)

Drive-by-wire (independent motor) / Distributed drive

Vibration damping/air suspension module

Sensor cluster:

Steering angle sensor, brake feedback, wheel speed, temperature, NVH sensor

Edge computing ECU / small controller

Trend 2: New products such as 14-in-1 highly integrated electric drive systems, 1000V voltage platforms, and 30,000 RPM ultra-high-speed motors are entering mass production.

The core of an integrated electric drive system is to reduce system complexity, weight and volume, and improve energy utilization efficiency through deep integration of multiple components. BYD, Geely, CRRC and other companies have launched "3+3+X" (motor + motor controller + reducer + BMS + OBC + DC-DC converter + optional module) electric drive systems. Integration not only reduces the number of hardware components and the complexity of wiring harnesses, but also optimizes the collaboration of various components, improving system efficiency to over 92%. The powertrain domain is no longer limited to the traditional battery, motor and electric control systems, but extends to domains such as chassis and thermal management.

Chinese OEMs are developing their own X-in-1 electric drive systems, which have higher integration levels and are being installed in vehicles ahead of those from third-party electric drive suppliers: for higher system power density, there has been a significant increase in X-in-1 (up to 14-in-1) solutions that integrate electric drive systems, PDUs, OBCs, DC/DC converters, and thermal/other functional controllers. Compared with parts suppliers, OEMs' self-developed systems have taken the lead in achieving mass production on the vehicle models of their own brands.

In March 2025, Dongfeng Nissan released the e-POWER Architecture and its first battery-electric vehicle, the Dongfeng Nissan N7. This architecture supports battery-electric, range-extended, and plug-in hybrid powertrains and adopts the world's first 14-in-1 electric drive system to develop various models such as sedans and SUVs.

The motor, inverter, reducer, OBC, thermal management system and other 14 core components are integrated into a single module;

The power density has been increased to 4.5kW/kg, far exceeding the industry average.

The system weighs only 85kg, yet it can output a peak power of 200kW;

The 14-in-1 intelligent electric drive is only325mm high, smaller than Tesla's rear-wheel drive 3-in-1 electric drive.

With a motor speed of 25,100 RPM, it can accelerate from 0 to 100 km/h within 3 seconds.

Through the highly integrated design, the system reduces the number of connectors by 68.

High efficiency relies on flat wire motors and SiC technology. The electromagnetic efficiency tracking optimization technology and system efficiency optimization control algorithm are original creations. The overall efficiency exceeds 92.5%.

This system uses" Arrow Rain" self-spraying oil technology,which can reduce the motor's maximum temperature by 45°C and increase continuous power by 54%.

On March 17, 2025, BYD officially released the Super e-Platform (the world's first mass-produced passenger car full-domain 1000V high-voltage architecture), which fully upgraded core components such as batteries, motors, power supplies, and air conditioning to 1000V, marking the entry of passenger car powertrain domain into the "1000V stage". The core technologies of this platform include:

1000V full-domain high-voltage architecture: Battery (flash-charging battery, 1000V/1000A charging), motor (30,000 RPM high-speed motor), power supply (1500V automotive-grade silicon carbide chip) and thermal management system (seven-in-one multi-heat source coupling), with a system overall efficiency of over 95% (industry average of about 88%).

Megawatt-level flash charging technology: A maximum charging power of 1000kW (2 kilometers per second), and a range of 400 kilometers after 5 minutes of charging, "same for fuel and electric vehicles";

30,000 RPM motor: The world's first mass-produced 30,000 RPM motor (peak power: 580kW) breaks the 300km/h limit, with a 30% increase in power density.

BYD is increasing the speed of its electric motors from 7,500 RPM in the first generation to 30,000+ RPM in the fifth generation, achieving the world's first mass-produced 30,000 RPM electric drive assembly. As a core component of the Super e-Platform, the motor uses innovative materials such as 1,000MPa high-strength silicon steel sheets and aerospace aluminum end plates. Combined with an AI-optimized 6-pole 72-slot short-pitch winding design, it achieves a power density of 16.4kW/kg and a single-motor power of 580kW, surpassing the performance of traditional V12 engines.

In October 2025, Leapmotor officially unveiled its first vehicle model based on the LEAP 4.0 - the D19.

Battery-electric version:

Equipped with a 1000V platform, it can increase the range by more than 350 kilometers after 15 minutes of charging. It uses CATL's "super hybrid cells" with a battery pack capacity of 115kWh and a CLTC range of 720 kilometers.

The battery-electric version is also equipped with triple-motor technology, with a combined power of 540 kilowatts and acceleration from 0 to 100 km/h in 3 seconds;

In terms of chassis, the Leapmotor D19 features a double-wishbone and five-link suspension structure, a dual-chamber closed air suspension system, and CDC.

It is equipped with MKC2 brake-by-wire and Bosch R-EPS;

It is equipped with the LMC 2.0, which supports active pre-emption control, dual-wheel tire blowout control, and 3.6-meter compass turns.

Range-extended version:

The range-extended version is equipped with an 80.3kWh battery pack, providing a battery-electric range of over 500km. It uses a 1.5T range extender and a dual-motor system with a combined power of 400kW, accelerating from 0 to 100 km/h in 4 seconds.

It supports 800V fast charging. According to the official statement, it can charge from 30% to 80% in 15 minutes.

The Leapmotor D19 also pioneered the range-extending CTC technology and is equipped with an innovative door sill exhaust integrated system, making the most of the chassis space for the battery, and has a fuel tank capacity of 40L.

Trend 3: Range-extended passenger car solutions continue to iterate, with 1.5T range extenders becoming the industry's mainstream.

With the rapid development of electric vehicles, range-extended electric vehicles have gradually become a new favorite in the market due to their unique advantages. Range-extended electric vehicles add an extra power supply device to battery-electric vehicles to increase the range. This design typically uses a range extender consisting of an engine and a generator to power the powertrain system, while the engine itself does not participate in driving, thus simplifying the overall structure, improving reliability, and reducing manufacturing costs.

Shanghai Electric Drive's second-generation range extender has undergone a comprehensive upgrade based on the first generation, with a major breakthrough in core technologies.

Compared to the first-generation range extender with a 12-pole 72-slot stator and rotor, round wire water-cooled motor, controller stacked above the generator, and separate controller and generator design, the second-generation range extender adopts a 24-pole 72-slot stator and rotor, as well as flat wire oil-cooled motor technology.

The controller layout has also been optimized, changing from the original "layered arrangement above the generator" to "axial arrangement behind the generator", achieving deep integration between the controller and the generator.

These improvements in the second-generation range extender reduce the motor core stack length by 38% while increasing rated power by 83%, reducing volume by 15%, and lightening weight by 18%.

As the core component of a range-extended electric vehicle, a range extender usually refers to a combination system of an engine and a generator. It generates electricity when the battery is low, thereby extending the vehicle's range. In terms of technology, extended-range passenger cars are shifting from the traditional "small batteries + large range extenders" to "large batteries + small range extenders", enhancing battery-electric range by increasing battery capacity. Meanwhile, range extenders are also being continuously optimized, with significantly improved thermal efficiency, a more reasonable operating range, and greatly improved NVH performance. 800V high-voltage architectures enable range-extended vehicles to be charged as fast as battery-electric vehicles.

Table of Contents

1 New Energy Vehicle Electric Drive and Powertrain Technologies and Market Trends

2 Electric Drive System Development Trends

3 REEV/PHEV Powertrain and Drive System Solutions

4 Trends of Cross-Domain Integration in Powertrain Domain

5 Electric Drive and Powertrain Domain Layout of OEMs

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