¼¼°èÀÇ º¯¾Ð±âÀ¯ ½ÃÀå º¸°í¼­(2025³â)
Transformer Oil Global Market Report 2025
»óǰÄÚµå : 1774636
¸®¼­Ä¡»ç : The Business Research Company
¹ßÇàÀÏ : On Demand Report
ÆäÀÌÁö Á¤º¸ : ¿µ¹® 250 Pages
 ¶óÀ̼±½º & °¡°Ý (ºÎ°¡¼¼ º°µµ)
US $ 4,490 £Ü 6,299,000
PDF (Single User License) help
PDF º¸°í¼­¸¦ 1¸í¸¸ ÀÌ¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¶óÀ̼±½ºÀÔ´Ï´Ù. Àμ⠰¡´ÉÇϸç Àμ⹰ÀÇ ÀÌ¿ë ¹üÀ§´Â PDF ÀÌ¿ë ¹üÀ§¿Í µ¿ÀÏÇÕ´Ï´Ù.
US $ 6,490 £Ü 9,104,000
PDF (Site License) help
PDF º¸°í¼­¸¦ µ¿ÀÏ »ç¾÷ÀåÀÇ ¸ðµç ºÐÀÌ ÀÌ¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¶óÀ̼±½ºÀÔ´Ï´Ù. Àμ⠰¡´ÉÇϸç Àμ⹰ÀÇ ÀÌ¿ë ¹üÀ§´Â PDF ÀÌ¿ë ¹üÀ§¿Í µ¿ÀÏÇÕ´Ï´Ù.
US $ 8,490 £Ü 11,910,000
PDF (Enterprise License) help
PDF º¸°í¼­¸¦ µ¿ÀÏ ±â¾÷ÀÇ ¸ðµç ºÐÀÌ ÀÌ¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¶óÀ̼±½ºÀÔ´Ï´Ù. Àμ⠰¡´ÉÇϸç Àμ⹰ÀÇ ÀÌ¿ë ¹üÀ§´Â PDF ÀÌ¿ë ¹üÀ§¿Í µ¿ÀÏÇÕ´Ï´Ù.


¤± Add-on °¡´É: °í°´ÀÇ ¿äû¿¡ µû¶ó ÀÏÁ¤ÇÑ ¹üÀ§ ³»¿¡¼­ CustomizationÀÌ °¡´ÉÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ÀÚ¼¼ÇÑ »çÇ×Àº ¹®ÀÇÇØ Áֽñ⠹ٶø´Ï´Ù.
¤± º¸°í¼­¿¡ µû¶ó ÃֽŠÁ¤º¸·Î ¾÷µ¥ÀÌÆ®ÇÏ¿© º¸³»µå¸³´Ï´Ù. ¹è¼Û±âÀÏÀº ¹®ÀÇÇØ Áֽñ⠹ٶø´Ï´Ù.

Çѱ۸ñÂ÷

º¯¾Ð±â ¿ÀÀÏ ½ÃÀå ±Ô¸ð´Â ÇâÈÄ ¸î ³â µ¿¾È °­·ÂÇÑ ¼ºÀå¼¼¸¦ º¸ÀÏ °ÍÀ¸·Î ¿¹»óµÇ¸ç, 2029³â±îÁö 7.2%ÀÇ CAGR·Î 33¾ï ´Þ·¯¿¡ ´ÞÇÒ °ÍÀ¸·Î ¿¹»óµË´Ï´Ù. ¿¹Ãø ±â°£ µ¿¾ÈÀÇ ¼ºÀåÀº ½º¸¶Æ® ±×¸®µå·ÎÀÇ Àüȯ, È­Àç ¾ÈÀü¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °­Á¶, ¹ÙÀÌ¿À ±â¹Ý º¯¾Ð±â ¿ÀÀÏ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¼ö¿ä, ¼ÒÇü ¹× È¿À²ÀûÀÎ º¯¾Ð±âÀÇ ÃâÇö, ±â»ó À̺¯¿¡ ´ëÇÑ º¹¿ø·Â °èȹ µî¿¡ ±âÀÎÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ¿¹Ãø ±â°£ÀÇ ÁÖ¿ä µ¿ÇâÀ¸·Î´Â ³ëÈÄ º¯¾Ð±â ±³Ã¼, º¯¾Ð±â ¸ð´ÏÅ͸µÀÇ µðÁöÅÐÈ­ ¹× IoTÈ­, °Ç½Ä º¯¾Ð±â º¸±Þ È®´ë, ¼®À¯ »ê¾÷¿¡¼­ÀÇ Àü·«Àû Á¦ÈÞ, º¯¾Ð±â ¼³°èÀÇ ±â¼ú ¹ßÀü µîÀÌ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.

ÇâÈÄ 5³â°£ÀÇ ¼ºÀå·ü 7.2%¶ó´Â ¿¹ÃøÀº Áö³­¹ø ¿¹Ãøº¸´Ù 0.1% ¼ÒÆø °¨¼ÒÇÑ ¼öÄ¡ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ °¨¼Ò´Â ÁÖ·Î ¹Ì±¹°ú ´Ù¸¥ ±¹°¡ °£ÀÇ °ü¼¼ÀÇ ¿µÇâ¿¡ ±âÀÎÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ ¿µÇâÀº ·¯½Ã¾Æ¿¡¼­ ³ªÇÁÅÙ°è ±âÀ¯¿Í ½ºÀ§½º¿¡¼­ »êÈ­¹æÁöÁ¦ ¼ö±Þ Áö¿¬À» ÅëÇØ ¹Ì±¹¿¡ Á÷Á¢ÀûÀ¸·Î ¿µÇâÀ» ¹ÌÃÄ Àü±â ÀÎÇÁ¶óÀÇ À¯Áöº¸¼ö ºñ¿ëÀ» Áõ°¡½Ãų °¡´É¼ºÀÌ ³ô½À´Ï´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ, »óÈ£ °ü¼¼¿Í ¹«¿ª ±äÀå°ú Á¦ÇÑÀÇ Áõ°¡·Î ÀÎÇÑ ¼¼°è °æÁ¦¿Í ¹«¿ª¿¡ ¹ÌÄ¡´Â ºÎÁ¤ÀûÀÎ ¿µÇâÀº ´õ¿í ±¤¹üÀ§ÇÒ °ÍÀ¸·Î ¿¹»óµË´Ï´Ù.

¹ßÀü ¹× ¹èÀü ÇÁ·ÎÁ§Æ®ÀÇ Áõ°¡´Â º¯¾Ð±â ¿ÀÀÏ ½ÃÀåÀÇ È®´ë¸¦ °ßÀÎÇÒ °ÍÀ¸·Î ¿¹»óµË´Ï´Ù. ¹ßÀü ¹× ¹èÀü ÇÁ·ÎÁ§Æ®¿¡´Â ¾ÈÀüÇϰí, ¾ÈÁ¤ÀûÀ̸ç, ½Å·ÚÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ°í, Áö¼Ó°¡´ÉÇÑ ¹ßÀü, ¼ÛÀü ¹× ¹èÀüÀ» º¸ÀåÇÏ´Â ¼³ºñ°¡ Æ÷ÇԵ˴ϴÙ. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ÇÁ·ÎÁ§Æ®ÀÇ Áõ°¡´Â º¯¾Ð±â, ½ºÀ§Ä¡, Ä¿ÆÐ½ÃÅÍ, Ä¿ÆÐ½ÃÅÍ, ȸ·Î Â÷´Ü±âÀÇ ¼ö¿ä Áõ°¡·Î À̾îÁ® º¯¾Ð±â ¿ÀÀÏÀÇ ¼ö¿ä¸¦ Áõ°¡½Ãų °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ¿¹¸¦ µé¾î, 2022³â 11¿ù ¹Ì±¹ ¿¡³ÊÁö Á¤º¸ ¼öÁý, ºÐ¼®, ¹ß½Å ±â°üÀÎ ¿¡³ÊÁö Á¤º¸±¹(EIA)Àº ¹Ì±¹ Àü·Â ½ÃÀå¿¡¼­ õ¿¬°¡½º ¿¬¼Ò º¹ÇÕ »çÀÌŬ °¡½º Åͺó(CCGT) ¹ßÀü¼Ò 8±â°¡ ½Å¼³µÉ °ÍÀ̶ó°í º¸°íÇß½À´Ï´Ù. ÀÌµé ½Å±Ô ¹ßÀü¼Ò´Â ¹Ì±¹ Àü·Â¸Á¿¡ 7,775¸Þ°¡¿ÍÆ®(MW)¸¦ Ãß°¡ÇÒ °ÍÀ¸·Î ¿¹»óµË´Ï´Ù. µû¶ó¼­ ¹ßÀü ¹× ¹èÀü ÇÁ·ÎÁ§Æ®ÀÇ Áõ°¡´Â º¯¾Ð±â ¿ÀÀÏ ½ÃÀåÀÇ ¼ºÀåÀ» ÃËÁøÇϰí ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.

¸ñÂ÷

Á¦1Àå ÁÖ¿ä ¿ä¾à

Á¦2Àå ½ÃÀå Æ¯Â¡

Á¦3Àå ½ÃÀå µ¿Çâ°ú Àü·«

Á¦4Àå ½ÃÀå : ±Ý¸®, ÀÎÇ÷¹À̼Ç, ÁöÁ¤ÇÐ, ¹«¿ª ÀüÀï°ú °ü¼¼, ±×¸®°í Äڷγª¿Í ȸº¹ÀÌ ½ÃÀå¿¡ ¹ÌÄ¡´Â ¿µÇâÀ» Æ÷ÇÔÇÑ °Å½Ã°æÁ¦ ½Ã³ª¸®¿À

Á¦5Àå ¼¼°èÀÇ ¼ºÀå ºÐ¼®°ú Àü·« ºÐ¼® ÇÁ·¹ÀÓ¿öÅ©

Á¦6Àå ½ÃÀå ¼¼ºÐÈ­

Á¦7Àå Áö¿ªº°¡¤±¹°¡º° ºÐ¼®

Á¦8Àå ¾Æ½Ã¾ÆÅÂÆò¾ç ½ÃÀå

Á¦9Àå Áß±¹ ½ÃÀå

Á¦10Àå Àεµ ½ÃÀå

Á¦11Àå ÀϺ» ½ÃÀå

Á¦12Àå È£ÁÖ ½ÃÀå

Á¦13Àå Àεµ³×½Ã¾Æ ½ÃÀå

Á¦14Àå Çѱ¹ ½ÃÀå

Á¦15Àå ¼­À¯·´ ½ÃÀå

Á¦16Àå ¿µ±¹ ½ÃÀå

Á¦17Àå µ¶ÀÏ ½ÃÀå

Á¦18Àå ÇÁ¶û½º ½ÃÀå

Á¦19Àå ÀÌÅ»¸®¾Æ ½ÃÀå

Á¦20Àå ½ºÆäÀÎ ½ÃÀå

Á¦21Àå µ¿À¯·´ ½ÃÀå

Á¦22Àå ·¯½Ã¾Æ ½ÃÀå

Á¦23Àå ºÏ¹Ì ½ÃÀå

Á¦24Àå ¹Ì±¹ ½ÃÀå

Á¦25Àå ij³ª´Ù ½ÃÀå

Á¦26Àå ³²¹Ì ½ÃÀå

Á¦27Àå ºê¶óÁú ½ÃÀå

Á¦28Àå Áßµ¿ ½ÃÀå

Á¦29Àå ¾ÆÇÁ¸®Ä« ½ÃÀå

Á¦30Àå °æÀï ±¸µµ¿Í ±â¾÷ °³¿ä

Á¦31Àå ±âŸ ÁÖ¿ä ±â¾÷°ú Çõ½ÅÀû ±â¾÷

Á¦32Àå ¼¼°èÀÇ ½ÃÀå °æÀï º¥Ä¡¸¶Å·°ú ´ë½Ãº¸µå

Á¦33Àå ÁÖ¿ä ÀμöÇÕº´

Á¦34Àå ÃÖ±ÙÀÇ ½ÃÀå µ¿Çâ

Á¦35Àå ½ÃÀå ÀáÀç·ÂÀÌ ³ôÀº ±¹°¡, ºÎ¹®, Àü·«

Á¦36Àå ºÎ·Ï

ksm
¿µ¹® ¸ñÂ÷

¿µ¹®¸ñÂ÷

Transformer oil is a specialized oil known for its stability at high temperatures and excellent electrical insulation properties. It is produced through the distillation of refined crude oil, typically within the temperature range of +300°C to +400°C (752°F). The quality of the base stock oil, derived from different sources, significantly influences the characteristics of the resulting transformer oil.

Primary types of transformer oil include naphthenic oil, paraffinic oil, silicone-based oil, bio-based oil, and other variants. Naphthenic oil, categorized as a Group V base oil, is manufactured by hydro-treating sweet crude distillates under high pressures exceeding 2500 psi. It exhibits a low pour point, high solubility, minimal wax content, and low aromatic content. Naphthenic oil serves various functions such as insulation, cooling, lubrication, and chemical stabilization. It finds application across residential, commercial, and industrial sectors, catering to transmission and distribution systems, railways, power generation facilities, and other end-user industries.

Note that the outlook for this market is being affected by rapid changes in trade relations and tariffs globally. The report will be updated prior to delivery to reflect the latest status, including revised forecasts and quantified impact analysis. The report's Recommendations and Conclusions sections will be updated to give strategies for entities dealing with the fast-moving international environment.

The sharp rise in U.S. tariffs and ensuing trade tensions in spring 2025 are heavily impacting the oil and gas industry, especially in areas such as exploration equipment, pipeline development, and refining operations. Increased import duties on drilling rigs, steel pipes, and specialized machinery have significantly raised capital expenditures across both upstream and downstream segments. Midstream players are grappling with cost surges for essential components like valves, compressors, and storage tanks, causing delays and disruptions in expansion projects. Refiners, meanwhile, are contending with higher expenses for imported catalysts and control systems critical to operational efficiency. In addition, retaliatory tariffs from major trade partners have curtailed U.S. exports of liquefied natural gas (LNG) and crude oil, reducing global competitiveness. In response, companies are ramping up investments in domestic manufacturing alliances, digital asset management tools, and diversified energy portfolios to maintain resilience and protect profitability.

The transformer oil market research report is one of a series of new reports from The Business Research Company that provides transformer oil market statistics, including transformer oil industry global market size, regional shares, competitors with a transformer oil market share, detailed transformer oil market segments, market trends and opportunities, and any further data you may need to thrive in the transformer oil industry. This transformer oil market research report delivers a complete perspective of everything you need, with an in-depth analysis of the current and future scenario of the industry.

The transformer oil market size has grown strongly in recent years. It will grow from $2.35 billion in 2024 to $2.5 billion in 2025 at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 6.3%. The growth in the historic period can be attributed to rise in power demand, aging power grids, electrification projects, industrialization and urbanization, expansion of renewable energy, stringent regulations on transformer efficiency.

The transformer oil market size is expected to see strong growth in the next few years. It will grow to $3.3 billion in 2029 at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 7.2%. The growth in the forecast period can be attributed to transition to smart grids, focus on fire safety, demand for biobased transformer oils, emergence of compact and efficient transformers, resilience planning for extreme weather events. Major trends in the forecast period include replacement of aging transformers, digitalization and IoT in transformer monitoring, growing popularity of dry type transformers, strategic alliances in the oil industry, technological advancements in transformer designs.

The forecast of 7.2% growth over the next five years indicates a slight reduction of 0.1% from the previous projection.This reduction is primarily due to the impact of tariffs between the US and other countries. This is likely to directly affect the US through delays in acquiring naphthenic base oils from Russia and oxidation inhibitors from Switzerland, increasing maintenance costs for electrical infrastructure.The effect will also be felt more widely due to reciprocal tariffs and the negative effect on the global economy and trade due to increased trade tensions and restrictions.

The growing number of power generation and distribution projects is expected to drive the expansion of the transformer oil market. Power generation and distribution projects involve facilities that ensure safe, secure, reliable, and sustainable electricity generation, transmission, and distribution. The rise in these projects leads to an increased demand for transformers, switches, capacitors, and circuit breakers, which, in turn, boosts the demand for transformer oils. For example, in November 2022, the Energy Information Administration (EIA), a US government agency that collects, analyzes, and disseminates energy information, reported the launch of eight new natural gas-fired combined-cycle gas turbine (CCGT) power plants in the US electricity market. These new plants are expected to add 7,775 megawatts (MW) to the US electric system. Therefore, the increasing number of power generation and distribution projects is propelling the growth of the transformer oil market.

The growing adoption of renewable energy sources is significantly driving the growth of the transformer oil market. Renewable energy is derived from natural sources that replenish themselves more quickly than they are consumed. Several factors, including the depletion of natural resources, rising fuel prices, increased pollution, and elevated carbon levels, are contributing to the heightened adoption of renewable energy sources. The transformer oil market plays a vital role in facilitating the expansion of renewable energy. As sustainable practices gain traction worldwide, the demand for transformer oils is fueled by the rising installation of transformers in renewable energy projects, such as wind and solar power. Transformer oils are crucial for insulating and cooling transformers, ensuring their reliable and efficient operation. These oils enhance the longevity and performance of transformers, thereby supporting the integration of renewable energy into the electrical grid. For instance, a report by the International Energy Agency, an autonomous intergovernmental organization based in Paris, indicated in December 2022 that global renewable power capacity is expected to increase by 2,400 gigawatts (GW) from 2022 to 2027. This growth is 30% higher than the previous forecast in 2021, underscoring the rapid shift in government policies favoring renewables. Renewables are projected to account for over 90% of global electricity expansion in the next five years, surpassing coal to become the largest source of global electricity by early 2025. Therefore, the increasing adoption of renewable energy sources is anticipated to propel the growth of the transformer oil market.

Product innovation is a significant trend in the transformer oil market. Key companies in this sector are concentrating on creating innovative products to enhance their market position. For example, in October 2022, Nynas AB, a Sweden-based manufacturer of specialty naphthenic oils and bitumen products, introduced the NYTRO RR 900X, a circular transformer fluid produced using advanced re-refining technology. The outstanding performance of NYTRO RR 900X makes it suitable for various electrical applications, including high-voltage and high-power transformers. This new product meets the IEC 60296 standard, which requires that the feedstock for the re-refined fluid must be entirely sourced from power equipment. With a 100% recycling rate, NYTRO RR 900X lowers greenhouse gas emissions by at least 70% throughout its lifetime compared to traditional transformer oil.

Leading companies in the transformer oil market are forming partnerships to enhance their market presence. A strategic business partnership refers to a structured relationship between two or more commercial entities, typically established through one or more business agreements or contracts. For instance, in March 2023, BBGI, a biofuel energy and products company based in Thailand, collaborated with SCG Chemicals and QTC Energy. This partnership aims to jointly develop and manufacture bio transformer oil for production trials for the first time in Thailand. SCG Chemicals is a petrochemical company also based in Thailand, while QTC Energy is a transformer manufacturing company in the country.

In January 2024, Shell U.K. Limited, a UK-based subsidiary of Shell plc focused on energy production, distribution, and petrochemical services, acquired MIDEL and MIVOLT from M&I Materials Ltd. for an undisclosed amount. This acquisition aims to enhance Shell's global lubricants portfolio by integrating synthetic and natural ester-based transformer fluids. It supports Shell's strategy to bolster its position in transformer oils, which are essential for power distribution, offshore wind farms, utility companies, and traction power systems. M&I Materials Ltd. is a UK-based company specializing in the development and supply of advanced materials, including transformer fluids and other industrial solutions.

Major companies operating in the transformer oil market are Royal Dutch Shell PLC, Exxon Mobil Corporation, Repsol SA, Ergon Inc., Nynas AB, PetroChina Company Limited, Apar Industries Limited, Calumet Specialty Products Partners L.P., China Petroleum & Chemical Corporation (Sinopec), San Joaquin Refining Co. Inc., Gandhar Oil Refinery Limited, Savita Oil Technologies Limited, Hydrodec Group PLC, Engen Petroleum Limited, Castrol Limited, Chevron Corporation, TotalEnergies SE, Fuchs Petrolub SE, Indian Oil Corporation Limited, Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Limited, Bharat Petroleum Corporation Limited, Gulf Oil Corporation Limited, Petroliam Nasional Berhad, CNOOC Oil & Petrochemicals Co. Ltd., SK Lubricants Co. Ltd., GS Caltex Corporation

Asia-Pacific was the largest region in the transformer oil market share in 2024. North America was the second-largest region in the transformer oil market analysis. The regions covered in the transformer oil market report are Asia-Pacific, Western Europe, Eastern Europe, North America, South America, Middle East, Africa.

The countries covered in the transformer oil market report are Australia, Brazil, China, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Japan, Russia, South Korea, UK, USA, Canada, Italy, Spain.

The transformer oil market consists of sales of alkanes, cycloalkanes and aromatic hydrocarbons. Values in this market are 'factory gate' values, that is the value of goods sold by the manufacturers or creators of the goods, whether to other entities (including downstream manufacturers, wholesalers, distributors and retailers) or directly to end customers. The value of goods in this market includes related services sold by the creators of the goods.

The market value is defined as the revenues that enterprises gain from the sale of goods and/or services within the specified market and geography through sales, grants, or donations in terms of the currency (in USD, unless otherwise specified).

The revenues for a specified geography are consumption values that are revenues generated by organizations in the specified geography within the market, irrespective of where they are produced. It does not include revenues from resales along the supply chain, either further along the supply chain or as part of other products.

Transformer Oil Global Market Report 2025 from The Business Research Company provides strategists, marketers and senior management with the critical information they need to assess the market.

This report focuses on transformer oil market which is experiencing strong growth. The report gives a guide to the trends which will be shaping the market over the next ten years and beyond.

Reasons to Purchase

Where is the largest and fastest growing market for transformer oil ? How does the market relate to the overall economy, demography and other similar markets? What forces will shape the market going forward, including technological disruption, regulatory shifts, and changing consumer preferences? The transformer oil market global report from the Business Research Company answers all these questions and many more.

The report covers market characteristics, size and growth, segmentation, regional and country breakdowns, competitive landscape, market shares, trends and strategies for this market. It traces the market's historic and forecast market growth by geography.

The forecasts are made after considering the major factors currently impacting the market. These include the technological advancements such as AI and automation, Russia-Ukraine war, trade tariffs (government-imposed import/export duties), elevated inflation and interest rates.

Scope

Table of Contents

1. Executive Summary

2. Transformer Oil Market Characteristics

3. Transformer Oil Market Trends And Strategies

4. Transformer Oil Market - Macro Economic Scenario Including The Impact Of Interest Rates, Inflation, Geopolitics, Trade Wars and Tariffs, And Covid And Recovery On The Market

5. Global Transformer Oil Growth Analysis And Strategic Analysis Framework

6. Transformer Oil Market Segmentation

7. Transformer Oil Market Regional And Country Analysis

8. Asia-Pacific Transformer Oil Market

9. China Transformer Oil Market

10. India Transformer Oil Market

11. Japan Transformer Oil Market

12. Australia Transformer Oil Market

13. Indonesia Transformer Oil Market

14. South Korea Transformer Oil Market

15. Western Europe Transformer Oil Market

16. UK Transformer Oil Market

17. Germany Transformer Oil Market

18. France Transformer Oil Market

19. Italy Transformer Oil Market

20. Spain Transformer Oil Market

21. Eastern Europe Transformer Oil Market

22. Russia Transformer Oil Market

23. North America Transformer Oil Market

24. USA Transformer Oil Market

25. Canada Transformer Oil Market

26. South America Transformer Oil Market

27. Brazil Transformer Oil Market

28. Middle East Transformer Oil Market

29. Africa Transformer Oil Market

30. Transformer Oil Market Competitive Landscape And Company Profiles

31. Transformer Oil Market Other Major And Innovative Companies

32. Global Transformer Oil Market Competitive Benchmarking And Dashboard

33. Key Mergers And Acquisitions In The Transformer Oil Market

34. Recent Developments In The Transformer Oil Market

35. Transformer Oil Market High Potential Countries, Segments and Strategies

36. Appendix

(ÁÖ)±Û·Î¹úÀÎÆ÷¸ÞÀÌ¼Ç 02-2025-2992 kr-info@giikorea.co.kr
¨Ï Copyright Global Information, Inc. All rights reserved.
PC¹öÀü º¸±â