»ùÇà ¿äû ¸ñ·Ï¿¡ Ãß°¡
º¯¾Ð±âÀ¯ ½ÃÀåÀº 2023-2028³â 11¾ï 2,810¸¸ ´Þ·¯·Î ¿¹ÃøµÇ¸ç, ¿¹Ãø ±â°£ µ¿¾È 8.09%ÀÇ CAGR·Î ¼ºÀåÇÒ °ÍÀ¸·Î ¿¹»óµË´Ï´Ù.
ÀÌ º¸°í¼´Â º¯¾Ð±âÀ¯ ½ÃÀå¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Àü¹ÝÀûÀÎ ºÐ¼®, ½ÃÀå ±Ô¸ð¿Í ¿¹Ãø, µ¿Çâ, ¼ºÀå ÃËÁø¿äÀÎ, °úÁ¦, ¾à 25°³ º¥´õ¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇÑ º¥´õ ºÐ¼® µîÀÇ Á¤º¸¸¦ ÀüÇØµå¸³´Ï´Ù.
ÇöÀç ½ÃÀå ½Ã³ª¸®¿À, Ãֽе¿Çâ ¹× ÃËÁø¿äÀÎ, Àüü ½ÃÀå ȯ°æ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÃֽŠºÐ¼®À» Á¦°øÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ ½ÃÀåÀº TandDÀÇ È®Àå, ±âÁ¸ º¯¾Ð±âÀÇ Çö´ëÈ, Àç»ý¿¡³ÊÁöÀÇ Ã¤Åà Áõ°¡¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ÁÖµµµÇ°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.
½ÃÀå ¹üÀ§
±âÁØ ¿¬µµ
2024
Á¾·á ¿¬µµ
2028
¿¹Ãø ±â°£
2024-2028
¼ºÀå ¸ð¸àÅÒ
°¡¼Ó
Àü³â ´ëºñ 2024³â
7.32%
CAGR
8.09%
ÁõºÐ ±Ý¾×
11¾ï 2,810¸¸ ´Þ·¯
ÀÌ º¸°í¼´Â ÇâÈÄ ¸î ³â µ¿¾È º¯¾Ð±âÀ¯ ½ÃÀå ¼ºÀåÀ» ÁÖµµÇÒ ÁÖ¿ä ¿äÀÎ Áß Çϳª·Î ȯ°æ Ä£ÈÀûÀÎ º¯¾Ð±âÀÇ ÃâÇöÀ» ²Å¾Ò½À´Ï´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ, º¯¾Ð±âÀ¯ ½Ã¼³ÀÇ È®Àå ¹× ½ÅÈï±¹ ½ÃÀå °³Ã´Àº ½ÃÀåÀÇ Å« ¼ö¿ä·Î À̾îÁú °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù.
¸ñÂ÷
Á¦1Àå ÁÖ¿ä ¿ä¾à
Á¦2Àå ½ÃÀå »óȲ
½ÃÀå »ýŰè
½ÃÀå Æ¯Â¡
¹ë·ùüÀÎ ºÐ¼®
Á¦3Àå ½ÃÀå ±Ô¸ð Æò°¡
½ÃÀå Á¤ÀÇ
½ÃÀå ºÎ¹® ºÐ¼®
½ÃÀå ±Ô¸ð 2023
½ÃÀå Àü¸Á 2023-2028
Á¦4Àå ½ÃÀå ±Ô¸ð ½ÇÀû
¼¼°è º¯¾Ð±âÀ¯ ½ÃÀå 2018-2022
ÃÖÁ¾»ç¿ëÀÚº° ºÎ¹® ºÐ¼® 2018-2022
Á¦Ç°º° ºÎ¹® ºÐ¼® 2018-2022
Áö¿ªº° ºÎ¹® ºÐ¼® 2018-2022
±¹°¡º° ºÎ¹® ºÐ¼® 2018-2022
Á¦5Àå Five Forces ºÐ¼®
Five Forces ¿ä¾à
±¸¸ÅÀÚÀÇ ±³¼··Â
°ø±Þ ±â¾÷ÀÇ ±³¼··Â
½Å±Ô Âü¿©¾÷üÀÇ À§Çù
´ëüǰÀÇ À§Çù
°æÀïÀÇ À§Çù
½ÃÀå »óȲ
Á¦6Àå ½ÃÀå ¼¼ºÐÈ : ÃÖÁ¾»ç¿ëÀÚº°
½ÃÀå ¼¼ºÐÈ
ºñ±³ : ÃÖÁ¾»ç¿ëÀÚº°
»ê¾÷¿ë : ½ÃÀå ±Ô¸ð¿Í ¿¹Ãø 2023-2028
À¯Æ¿¸®Æ¼ : ½ÃÀå ±Ô¸ð¿Í ¿¹Ãø 2023-2028
»ó¾÷¿ë : ½ÃÀå ±Ô¸ð¿Í ¿¹Ãø 2023-2028
ÁÖ°Å¿ë : ½ÃÀå ±Ô¸ð¿Í ¿¹Ãø 2023-2028
½ÃÀå ±âȸ : ÃÖÁ¾»ç¿ëÀÚº°
Á¦7Àå ½ÃÀå ¼¼ºÐÈ : Á¦Ç°º°
½ÃÀå ¼¼ºÐÈ
ºñ±³ : Á¦Ç°º°
¹Ì³×¶ö ±â¹Ý : ½ÃÀå ±Ô¸ð¿Í ¿¹Ãø 2023-2028
½Ç¸®ÄÜ ±â¹Ý : ½ÃÀå ±Ô¸ð¿Í ¿¹Ãø 2023-2028
¹ÙÀÌ¿À ±â¹Ý : ½ÃÀå ±Ô¸ð¿Í ¿¹Ãø 2023-2028
½ÃÀå ±âȸ : Á¦Ç°º°
Á¦8Àå °í°´ »óȲ
Á¦9Àå Áö¿ªº° »óȲ
Áö¿ªº° ¼¼ºÐÈ
Áö¿ªº° ºñ±³
¾Æ½Ã¾ÆÅÂÆò¾ç : ½ÃÀå ±Ô¸ð¿Í ¿¹Ãø 2023-2028
ºÏ¹Ì : ½ÃÀå ±Ô¸ð¿Í ¿¹Ãø 2023-2028
À¯·´ : ½ÃÀå ±Ô¸ð¿Í ¿¹Ãø 2023-2028
³²¹Ì : ½ÃÀå ±Ô¸ð¿Í ¿¹Ãø 2023-2028
Áßµ¿ ¹× ¾ÆÇÁ¸®Ä« : ½ÃÀå ±Ô¸ð¿Í ¿¹Ãø 2023-2028
Áß±¹ : ½ÃÀå ±Ô¸ð¿Í ¿¹Ãø 2023-2028
¹Ì±¹ : ½ÃÀå ±Ô¸ð¿Í ¿¹Ãø 2023-2028
Àεµ : ½ÃÀå ±Ô¸ð¿Í ¿¹Ãø 2023-2028
ÀϺ» : ½ÃÀå ±Ô¸ð¿Í ¿¹Ãø 2023-2028
ij³ª´Ù : ½ÃÀå ±Ô¸ð¿Í ¿¹Ãø 2023-2028
½ÃÀå ±âȸ : Áö¿ª »óȲº°
Á¦10Àå ÃËÁø¿äÀÎ, °úÁ¦, ±âȸ, ¾ïÁ¦¿äÀÎ
½ÃÀå ¼ºÀå ÃËÁø¿äÀÎ
½ÃÀå °úÁ¦
¼ºÀå ÃËÁø¿äÀΰú °úÁ¦ÀÇ ¿µÇâ
½ÃÀå ±âȸ¡¤¾ïÁ¦¿äÀÎ
Á¦11Àå °æÀï »óȲ
°³¿ä
°æÀï »óȲ
È¥¶õ »óȲ
¾÷°è ¸®½ºÅ©
Á¦12Àå °æÀï ºÐ¼®
±â¾÷ °³¿ä
±â¾÷ÀÇ ½ÃÀå Æ÷Áö¼Å´×
Apar Industries Ltd.
Calumet Specialty Products Partners L.P.
Cargill Inc.
Chevron Corp.
Dow Chemical Co.
Edens Garden
Ergon Inc.
Exxon Mobil Corp.
Hinduja Group Ltd.
Lubrita Europe BV
Nynas AB
Repsol SA
Shell plc
Sinopec Shanghai Petrochemical Co. Ltd.
TotalEnergies SE
Á¦13Àå ºÎ·Ï
ksm
The transformer oil market is forecasted to grow by USD 1128.1 mn during 2023-2028, accelerating at a CAGR of 8.09% during the forecast period. The report on the transformer oil market provides a holistic analysis, market size and forecast, trends, growth drivers, and challenges, as well as vendor analysis covering around 25 vendors.
The report offers an up-to-date analysis regarding the current market scenario, the latest trends and drivers, and the overall market environment. The market is driven by expansion of t and d, modernization of existing transformers, and increasing adoption of renewable energy sources.
Technavio's transformer oil market is segmented as below:
Market Scope
Base Year 2024
End Year 2028
Series Year 2024-2028
Growth Momentum Accelerate
YOY 2024 7.32%
CAGR 8.09%
Incremental Value $1128.1mn
ByEnd-user
Industrial
Utilities
Commercial
Residential
ByProduct
Mineral-based
Silicon-based
Bio-based
ByGeography
APAC
North America
Europe
South America
Middle East and Africa
This study identifies the emergence of eco-efficient transformers as one of the prime reasons driving the transformer oil market growth during the next few years. Also, expansion of transformer oil facilities and growing new developments will lead to sizable demand in the market.
The report on the transformer oil market covers the following areas:
Transformer oil market sizing
Transformer oil market forecast
Transformer oil market industry analysis
The robust vendor analysis is designed to help clients improve their market position, and in line with this, this report provides a detailed analysis of several leading transformer oil market vendors that include Apar Industries Ltd., BP Plc, Calumet Specialty Products Partners L.P., Cargill Inc., Chevron Corp., Dow Chemical Co., Edens Garden, Ergon Inc., Exxon Mobil Corp., Hinduja Group Ltd., Lubrita Europe BV, Neste Corp., Nynas AB, PETRONAS Chemicals Group Berhad, Phillips 66, Repsol SA, Savita Oil Technologies Ltd., Shell plc, Sinopec Shanghai Petrochemical Co. Ltd., and TotalEnergies SE. Also, the transformer oil market analysis report includes information on upcoming trends and challenges that will influence market growth. This is to help companies strategize and leverage all forthcoming growth opportunities.
The study was conducted using an objective combination of primary and secondary information including inputs from key participants in the industry. The report contains a comprehensive market and vendor landscape in addition to an analysis of the key vendors.
The publisher presents a detailed picture of the market by the way of study, synthesis, and summation of data from multiple sources by an analysis of key parameters such as profit, pricing, competition, and promotions. It presents various market facets by identifying the key industry influencers. The data presented is comprehensive, reliable, and a result of extensive research - both primary and secondary. The market research reports provide a complete competitive landscape and an in-depth vendor selection methodology and analysis using qualitative and quantitative research to forecast the accurate market growth.
Table of Contents
1 Executive Summary
1.1 Market overview
Executive Summary - Chart on Market Overview
Executive Summary - Data Table on Market Overview
Executive Summary - Chart on Global Market Characteristics
Executive Summary - Chart on Market By Geographical Landscape
Executive Summary - Chart on Market Segmentation by End-user
Executive Summary - Chart on Market Segmentation by Product
Executive Summary - Chart on Incremental Growth
Executive Summary - Data Table on Incremental Growth
Executive Summary - Chart on Company Market Positioning
2 Market Landscape
2.1 Market ecosystem
Parent Market
Data Table on - Parent Market
2.2 Market characteristics
Market characteristics analysis
2.3 Value chain analysis
3 Market Sizing
3.1 Market definition
Offerings of companies included in the market definition
3.2 Market segment analysis
3.3 Market size 2023
3.4 Market outlook: Forecast for 2023-2028
Chart on Global - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million)
Data Table on Global - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million)
Chart on Global Market: Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
Data Table on Global Market: Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
4 Historic Market Size
4.1 Global Transformer Oil Market 2018 - 2022
Historic Market Size - Data Table on Global Transformer Oil Market 2018 - 2022 ($ million)
4.2 End-user segment analysis 2018 - 2022
Historic Market Size - End-user Segment 2018 - 2022 ($ million)
4.3 Product segment analysis 2018 - 2022
Historic Market Size - Product Segment 2018 - 2022 ($ million)
4.4 Geography segment analysis 2018 - 2022
Historic Market Size - Geography Segment 2018 - 2022 ($ million)
4.5 Country segment analysis 2018 - 2022
Historic Market Size - Country Segment 2018 - 2022 ($ million)
5 Five Forces Analysis
5.1 Five forces summary
Five forces analysis - Comparison between 2023 and 2028
5.2 Bargaining power of buyers
Bargaining power of buyers - Impact of key factors 2023 and 2028
5.3 Bargaining power of suppliers
Bargaining power of suppliers - Impact of key factors in 2023 and 2028
5.4 Threat of new entrants
Threat of new entrants - Impact of key factors in 2023 and 2028
5.5 Threat of substitutes
Threat of substitutes - Impact of key factors in 2023 and 2028
5.6 Threat of rivalry
Threat of rivalry - Impact of key factors in 2023 and 2028
5.7 Market condition
Chart on Market condition - Five forces 2023 and 2028
6 Market Segmentation by End-user
6.1 Market segments
Chart on End-user - Market share 2023-2028 (%)
Data Table on End-user - Market share 2023-2028 (%)
6.2 Comparison by End-user
Chart on Comparison by End-user
Data Table on Comparison by End-user
6.3 Industrial - Market size and forecast 2023-2028
Chart on Industrial - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million)
Data Table on Industrial - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million)
Chart on Industrial - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
Data Table on Industrial - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
6.4 Utilities - Market size and forecast 2023-2028
Chart on Utilities - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million)
Data Table on Utilities - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million)
Chart on Utilities - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
Data Table on Utilities - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
6.5 Commercial - Market size and forecast 2023-2028
Chart on Commercial - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million)
Data Table on Commercial - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million)
Chart on Commercial - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
Data Table on Commercial - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
6.6 Residential - Market size and forecast 2023-2028
Chart on Residential - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million)
Data Table on Residential - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million)
Chart on Residential - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
Data Table on Residential - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
6.7 Market opportunity by End-user
Market opportunity by End-user ($ million)
Data Table on Market opportunity by End-user ($ million)
7 Market Segmentation by Product
7.1 Market segments
Chart on Product - Market share 2023-2028 (%)
Data Table on Product - Market share 2023-2028 (%)
7.2 Comparison by Product
Chart on Comparison by Product
Data Table on Comparison by Product
7.3 Mineral-based - Market size and forecast 2023-2028
Chart on Mineral-based - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million)
Data Table on Mineral-based - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million)
Chart on Mineral-based - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
Data Table on Mineral-based - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
7.4 Silicon-based - Market size and forecast 2023-2028
Chart on Silicon-based - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million)
Data Table on Silicon-based - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million)
Chart on Silicon-based - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
Data Table on Silicon-based - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
7.5 Bio-based - Market size and forecast 2023-2028
Chart on Bio-based - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million)
Data Table on Bio-based - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million)
Chart on Bio-based - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
Data Table on Bio-based - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
7.6 Market opportunity by Product
Market opportunity by Product ($ million)
Data Table on Market opportunity by Product ($ million)
8 Customer Landscape
8.1 Customer landscape overview
Analysis of price sensitivity, lifecycle, customer purchase basket, adoption rates, and purchase criteria
9 Geographic Landscape
9.1 Geographic segmentation
Chart on Market share By Geographical Landscape 2023-2028 (%)
Data Table on Market share By Geographical Landscape 2023-2028 (%)
9.2 Geographic comparison
Chart on Geographic comparison
Data Table on Geographic comparison
9.3 APAC - Market size and forecast 2023-2028
Chart on APAC - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million)
Data Table on APAC - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million)
Chart on APAC - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
Data Table on APAC - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
9.4 North America - Market size and forecast 2023-2028
Chart on North America - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million)
Data Table on North America - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million)
Chart on North America - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
Data Table on North America - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
9.5 Europe - Market size and forecast 2023-2028
Chart on Europe - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million)
Data Table on Europe - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million)
Chart on Europe - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
Data Table on Europe - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
9.6 South America - Market size and forecast 2023-2028
Chart on South America - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million)
Data Table on South America - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million)
Chart on South America - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
Data Table on South America - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
9.7 Middle East and Africa - Market size and forecast 2023-2028
Chart on Middle East and Africa - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million)
Data Table on Middle East and Africa - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million)
Chart on Middle East and Africa - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
Data Table on Middle East and Africa - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
9.8 China - Market size and forecast 2023-2028
Chart on China - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million)
Data Table on China - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million)
Chart on China - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
Data Table on China - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
9.9 US - Market size and forecast 2023-2028
Chart on US - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million)
Data Table on US - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million)
Chart on US - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
Data Table on US - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
9.10 India - Market size and forecast 2023-2028
Chart on India - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million)
Data Table on India - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million)
Chart on India - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
Data Table on India - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
9.11 Japan - Market size and forecast 2023-2028
Chart on Japan - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million)
Data Table on Japan - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million)
Chart on Japan - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
Data Table on Japan - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
9.12 Canada - Market size and forecast 2023-2028
Chart on Canada - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million)
Data Table on Canada - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million)
Chart on Canada - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
Data Table on Canada - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
9.13 Market opportunity By Geographical Landscape
Market opportunity By Geographical Landscape ($ million)
Data Tables on Market opportunity By Geographical Landscape ($ million)
10 Drivers, Challenges, and Opportunity/Restraints
10.1 Market drivers
10.2 Market challenges
10.3 Impact of drivers and challenges
Impact of drivers and challenges in 2023 and 2028
10.4 Market opportunities/restraints
11 Competitive Landscape
11.1 Overview
11.2 Competitive Landscape
Overview on criticality of inputs and factors of differentiation
11.3 Landscape disruption
Overview on factors of disruption
11.4 Industry risks
Impact of key risks on business
12 Competitive Analysis
12.1 Companies profiled
12.2 Market positioning of companies
Matrix on companies position and classification
12.3 Apar Industries Ltd.
Apar Industries Ltd. - Overview
Apar Industries Ltd. - Business segments
Apar Industries Ltd. - Key offerings
Apar Industries Ltd. - Segment focus
12.4 Calumet Specialty Products Partners L.P.
Calumet Specialty Products Partners L.P. - Overview
Calumet Specialty Products Partners L.P. - Business segments
Calumet Specialty Products Partners L.P. - Key news
Calumet Specialty Products Partners L.P. - Key offerings
Calumet Specialty Products Partners L.P. - Segment focus
12.5 Cargill Inc.
Cargill Inc. - Overview
Cargill Inc. - Product / Service
Cargill Inc. - Key news
Cargill Inc. - Key offerings
12.6 Chevron Corp.
Chevron Corp. - Overview
Chevron Corp. - Business segments
Chevron Corp. - Key news
Chevron Corp. - Key offerings
Chevron Corp. - Segment focus
12.7 Dow Chemical Co.
Dow Chemical Co. - Overview
Dow Chemical Co. - Business segments
Dow Chemical Co. - Key news
Dow Chemical Co. - Key offerings
Dow Chemical Co. - Segment focus
12.8 Edens Garden
Edens Garden - Overview
Edens Garden - Product / Service
Edens Garden - Key offerings
12.9 Ergon Inc.
Ergon Inc. - Overview
Ergon Inc. - Product / Service
Ergon Inc. - Key news
Ergon Inc. - Key offerings
12.10 Exxon Mobil Corp.
Exxon Mobil Corp. - Overview
Exxon Mobil Corp. - Business segments
Exxon Mobil Corp. - Key news
Exxon Mobil Corp. - Key offerings
Exxon Mobil Corp. - Segment focus
12.11 Hinduja Group Ltd.
Hinduja Group Ltd. - Overview
Hinduja Group Ltd. - Product / Service
Hinduja Group Ltd. - Key offerings
12.12 Lubrita Europe BV
Lubrita Europe BV - Overview
Lubrita Europe BV - Product / Service
Lubrita Europe BV - Key offerings
12.13 Nynas AB
Nynas AB - Overview
Nynas AB - Product / Service
Nynas AB - Key news
Nynas AB - Key offerings
12.14 Repsol SA
Repsol SA - Overview
Repsol SA - Business segments
Repsol SA - Key news
Repsol SA - Key offerings
Repsol SA - Segment focus
12.15 Shell plc
Shell plc - Overview
Shell plc - Business segments
Shell plc - Key news
Shell plc - Key offerings
Shell plc - Segment focus
12.16 Sinopec Shanghai Petrochemical Co. Ltd.
Sinopec Shanghai Petrochemical Co. Ltd. - Overview
Sinopec Shanghai Petrochemical Co. Ltd. - Business segments
Sinopec Shanghai Petrochemical Co. Ltd. - Key news
Sinopec Shanghai Petrochemical Co. Ltd. - Key offerings
Sinopec Shanghai Petrochemical Co. Ltd. - Segment focus
12.17 TotalEnergies SE
TotalEnergies SE - Overview
TotalEnergies SE - Business segments
TotalEnergies SE - Key news
TotalEnergies SE - Key offerings
TotalEnergies SE - Segment focus
13 Appendix
13.1 Scope of the report
13.2 Inclusions and exclusions checklist
Inclusions checklist
Exclusions checklist
13.3 Currency conversion rates for US$
Currency conversion rates for US$
13.4 Research methodology
13.5 Data procurement
13.6 Data validation
13.7 Validation techniques employed for market sizing
Validation techniques employed for market sizing
13.8 Data synthesis
13.9 360 degree market analysis
360 degree market analysis
13.10 List of abbreviations