세계의 자동요금징수(ETC) 시장(-2030년) : RFID, DSRC, 하드웨어, 백 오피스 및 기타 서비스, 고속도로, 도시, 트랜스폰더/태그 기반, 지역별
Electronic Toll Collection Market by Radio-Frequency Identification, Dedicated Short-Range Communications, Hardware, Back Office & Other Services, Highways, Urban Areas, Transponders/Tag-based Tolling Systems and Region - Global Forecast to 2030
상품코드:1742426
리서치사:MarketsandMarkets
발행일:2025년 05월
페이지 정보:영문 246 Pages
라이선스 & 가격 (부가세 별도)
ㅁ Add-on 가능: 고객의 요청에 따라 일정한 범위 내에서 Customization이 가능합니다. 자세한 사항은 문의해 주시기 바랍니다.
한글목차
자동요금징수(ETC) 시장 규모는 2025년 101억 9,000만 달러에서 예측 기간 동안 CAGR 8.3%로 성장을 지속하여, 2030년에는 152억 달러에 이를 것으로 예측됩니다.
교통 혼잡 증가와 효율적인 요금 징수 관리의 필요성은 전자식 요금 징수 시스템(ETC)에 대한 수요를 촉진하고 있습니다. 반면, 기술에 대한 과도한 의존도와 기술적 장애에 대한 취약성은 시장 성장을 저해하는 요인으로 작용하고 있습니다.
조사 범위
조사 대상 연도
2020-2030년
기준 연도
2024년
예측 기간
2025-2030년
단위
금액(달러)
부문별
기술, 유형, 제공 구분, 용도, 지역별
대상 지역
북미, 유럽, 아시아태평양, 기타 지역
"아시아태평양에서는 트랜스폰더/태그 방식 부문이 2025년부터 2030년까지 가장 높은 CAGR을 나타낼 것으로 예측됩니다."
이러한 수요는 해당 지역의 교통 및 개발 요구에 부합하는 기술적, 경제적, 인프라적 요인에 기인합니다. 중국, 인도, 일본, 한국에서는 급속한 도시화와 교통 혼잡이 증가함에 따라 효율적인 요금 징수 솔루션이 필요합니다. 따라서 지연을 최소화하면서 신속한 요금 징수를 위해 RFID 기반 트랜스폰더 시스템이 요구되고 있습니다. 인도에서는 2021년 2월부터 'FASTag' 시스템이 의무화되어 차선당 시간당 1,200대의 차량을 처리하면서 3,500만 대의 차량에 서비스를 제공하여 보다 원활한 교통 이동을 실현하고 있습니다. 이러한 시스템은 GPS 기반 요금 징수 시스템에 비해 도입 비용이 약 30% 저렴하고 비용 효율성과 확장성이 뛰어나 개발도상국 경제에 적합합니다.
"2025년에는 북미에서 고속도로 부문이 가장 큰 점유율을 차지할 것으로 예측됩니다."
북미 고속도로에서는 원활한 운영, 안전한 도로 환경, 환경 보호, 혼잡한 고속도로에서 요금 기술의 진화를 위해 ETC 시스템이 필요합니다. 많은 차량이 도심의 고속도로를 이용하기 때문에 E-ZPass와 같은 시스템이 중요한 역할을 하며, ETC를 통해 통행 차량은 감속하지 않고 요금소를 통과할 수 있기 때문에 고속도로의 안전성이 향상됩니다. 또한, 북미의 친환경 교통 실현을 위한 노력에서 ETC 시스템은 공회전을 줄임으로써 차량 배출가스를 40-66% 감소시키는 효과가 있어 배출가스 저감에도 기여합니다.
"예측 기간 동안 미국이 가장 높은 CAGR로 성장할 것으로 예측됩니다."
차량 수 증가, 고속도로 인프라의 노후화, 효율적인 주행에 대한 요구가 국내 ETC 시스템 수요를 높이고 있습니다. 미국 정부는 요금소 운영 비용 절감 및 운전자의 지불 편의성 향상을 위해 전자 요금 징수 도입을 의무화하고 있습니다. 업계 내 각 기업들도 성장을 가속하기 위해 무기적인 성장 전략에 집중하고 있습니다. 예를 들어, 2024년 Neology는 요금 징수 서비스 및 기술 솔루션 제공 업체인 P Square Solutions를 인수했습니다. 이 인수 후 Neology는 'Neology PSquare'를 설립하여 전 세계 요금 징수 프로젝트에 대응할 수 있는 체제를 갖추게 되었습니다.
세계의 전자 요금 징수 시장을 조사했으며, 시장 개요, 시장 성장에 영향을 미치는 각종 영향요인 분석, 기술 및 특허 동향, 법 및 규제 환경, 사례 분석, 시장 규모 추이 및 예측, 각종 부문별/지역별/주요 국가별 상세 분석, 경쟁 구도, 주요 기업 개요 등의 정보를 정리하여 전해드립니다.
목차
제1장 서론
제2장 조사 방법
제3장 주요 요약
제4장 프리미엄 인사이트
제5장 시장 개요
시장 역학
성장 촉진요인
성장 억제요인
기회
과제
고객의 비즈니스에 영향을 미치는 동향/혼란
가격 분석
밸류체인 분석
생태계 분석
투자 및 자금조달 시나리오
기술 분석
특허 분석
무역 분석
2025년 주요 컨퍼런스 및 이벤트
사례 연구 분석
관세 및 규제 상황
Porter의 Five Forces 분석
주요 이해관계자와 구입 기준
AI/생성형 AI가 자동요금징수(ETC) 시장에 미치는 영향
2025년 미국 관세가 자동요금징수(ETC) 시장에 미치는 영향
제6장 통행료 지불 방법
선불
후불
제7장 자동요금징수(ETC) 시장 : 유형별
트랜스폰더/태그 기반
기타
제8장 자동요금징수(ETC) 시장 : 기술별
RFID
DSRC
기타
제9장 자동요금징수(ETC) 시장 : 제공 구분별
하드웨어
백 오피스 및 기타 서비스
제10장 자동요금징수(ETC) 시장 : 용도별
고속도로
도시
제11장 자동요금징수(ETC) 시장 : 지역별
북미
거시경제 전망
미국
캐나다
멕시코
유럽
거시경제 전망
EU 5개국
서유럽
기타
아시아태평양
거시경제 전망
중국
일본
ASEAN 국가
기타
기타 지역
거시경제 전망
남미
중동 및 아프리카
제12장 경쟁 구도
개요
주요 시장 진출기업의 전략과 강점
시장 점유율 분석
주요 5개사의 매출 분석
기업 평가와 재무 지표
브랜드 비교
기업 평가 매트릭스 : 주요 기업
기업 평가 매트릭스 : 스타트업/중소기업
경쟁 시나리오
제13장 기업 개요
주요 기업
KAPSCH TRAFFICCOM AG
CONDUENT INCORPORATED
EFKON GMBH
ST ENGINEERING(TRANSCORE)
THALES
SIEMENS
Q-FREE
CUBIC CORPORATION
NEOLOGY
FEIG ELECTRONIC
기타 기업
TOSHIBA CORPORATION
MITSUBISHI HEAVY INDUSTRIES, LTD.
SKYTOLL
QUARTERHILL
PERCEPTICS, LLC
STAR SYSTEMS INTERNATIONAL
GEA
ADAPTIVE RECOGNITION INC.
SICE
JENOPTIK
FAR EASTERN GROUP
TOLL COLLECT GMBH
GEOTOLL
INDRA
KISTLER GROUP
제14장 부록
LSH
영문 목차
영문목차
The electronic toll collection market is expected to be valued at USD 10.19 billion in 2025 and reach USD 15.20 billion by 2030, growing at a CAGR of 8.3% during the forecast period. The demand for electronic toll collection systems is facilitated by the increase in traffic congestion and the need for efficient toll management. Also, overreliance on technologies and susceptibility to technical failure are restraining the growth of the market.
Scope of the Report
Years Considered for the Study
2020-2030
Base Year
2024
Forecast Period
2025-2030
Units Considered
Value (USD Million)
Segments
By technology, type, offering, application, and region
Regions covered
North America, Europe, APAC, RoW
"Transponders/Tag-based tolling systems segment is likely to register the highest CAGR in the Asia Pacific electronic toll collection market between 2025 and 2030."
Transponders/tag-based tolling systems will grow at the highest CAGR in the Asia Pacific electronic toll collection market during the forecasted period. This demand is attributed to the technological, economic, and infrastructural factors that match the transportation and developmental requirements of the region. The rapid urbanization and growing traffic congestion in China, India, Japan, and South Korea require efficient tolling solutions, thus requiring RFID-based transponder systems to provide quick toll collection services that minimize the delay. The Indian FASTag system has become mandatory since February 2021 and serves 35 million vehicles while processing 1,200 vehicles per hour per lane, which results in smoother traffic movement. These systems offer cost-effectiveness and scalability as their deployment costs are approximately 30% lower than GPS-based tolling systems, making them suitable for developing economies.
"Highways segment is expected to hold the largest share of the electronic toll collection market in North America in 2025."
The highways segment is anticipated to account for the largest share of the electronic toll collection market in North America in 2025. ETC systems are needed on North American highways for effective operations, safer roads, protection of the environment, and advancement in tolling technology on busy highways. Since many vehicles commute via urban highways, systems such as E-ZPass become vital for such a rush. As ETC lets commuters pass through tolls without slowing, safety on fast highways is improved, as highlighted by the Federal Highway Administration for the New Jersey Turnpike. Along with North America's efforts to make transportation greener, ETC systems reduce emissions by 40~66% on emissions by limiting vehicles from idling.
"US is expected to grow at the highest CAGR during the forecast period."
The US will register the highest growth rate in the electronic toll collection market during the forecast period. The rising number of vehicles, aging highway structures, and the need for an efficient drive contribute to the demand for ETC systems in the country. US governments are mandating the use of electronic tolling to save on operating tolls and make payment easier for drivers. Ecosystem players are focusing on inorganic growth strategies to facilitate growth. For instance, in 2024, Neology Acquired P Square Solutions, a provider of tolling services and tech solutions. After this acquisition, Neology launched Neology PSquare, which provides Neology with the ability to fully support tolling projects anywhere in the world.
Extensive primary interviews were conducted with key industry experts in the electronic toll collection market space to determine and verify the market size for various segments and subsegments gathered through secondary research. The breakdown of primary participants for the report is shown below.
The study contains insights from various industry experts, from component suppliers to Tier 1 companies and OEMs. The break-up of the primaries is as follows:
By Company Type - Tier 1 - 35%, Tier 2 - 45%, and Tier 3 - 20%
By Designation - C-level Executives - 40%, Directors - 30%, and Others - 30%
By Region - North America - 40, Europe - 30, Asia Pacific - 20, and RoW - 10
The electronic toll collection market is dominated by a few globally established players, such as Kapsch TrafficCom AG (Austria), Conduent Incorporated (US), ST Engineering (TransCore) (Singapore), Thales (France), and Siemens (Germany).
The study includes an in-depth competitive analysis of these key players in the electronic toll collection market, with their company profiles, recent developments, and key market strategies.
Research Coverage:
The report segments the electronic toll collection market. It forecasts its size by application (highways, urban areas), type (transponders/tag-based tolling systems, other types), offering (hardware, back office & other services), and technology (RFID, DSRC, other technologies). It also discusses the market's drivers, restraints, opportunities, and challenges. It gives a detailed view of the market across regions (North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, RoW). The report includes a supply chain analysis of the key players and their competitive analysis in the electronic toll collection ecosystem.
Key Benefits of Buying the Report:
Analysis of key drivers (Urgent need to mitigate traffic congestion and reduce road accidents, strong government support to deploy advanced tolling solutions, high convenience of automated toll payment options, technological advancements in transportation infrastructure), restraint (overreliance on technologies and susceptibility to technical failure, ETC implementation constraints in developing countries, requirement for high initial investments in GPS- and GNSS-based ETC systems), opportunities (significant focus on minimizing fuel consumption and emissions for economic and environmental gains, integration of blockchain technology into toll collection systems, rising number of public-private partnership agreements in transportation sector, increasing adoption of all-electronic tolling systems), challenges (data privacy concerns, interoperability issues associated with tolling systems)
Service Development/Innovation: Detailed insights into upcoming technologies, research and development activities, and new product launches in the electronic toll collection market
Market Development: Comprehensive information about lucrative markets - the report analyses the electronic toll collection market across varied regions
Market Diversification: Exhaustive information about new products, untapped geographies, recent developments, and investments in the electronic toll collection market.
Competitive Assessment: In-depth assessment of market shares, growth strategies, and service offerings of leading players, such as Kapsch TrafficCom AG (Austria), Conduent Incorporated (US), ST Engineering (TransCore) (US), Thales (France), Cubic Corporation (US), Siemens (Germany), EFKON GmbH (Austria), Neology, Inc. (US), FEIG ELECTRONIC (Germany), and Q-Free (Norway), among others in the electronic toll collection market
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 STUDY OBJECTIVES
1.2 MARKET DEFINITION
1.3 STUDY SCOPE
1.3.1 MARKETS COVERED
1.3.2 INCLUSIONS AND EXCLUSIONS
1.3.3 YEARS CONSIDERED
1.4 CURRENCY CONSIDERED
1.5 UNIT CONSIDERED
1.6 LIMITATIONS
1.7 STAKEHOLDERS
1.8 SUMMARY OF CHANGES
2 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
2.1 INTRODUCTION
2.2 RESEARCH DATA
2.2.1 SECONDARY DATA
2.2.1.1 List of major secondary sources
2.2.1.2 Key data from secondary sources
2.2.2 PRIMARY DATA
2.2.2.1 List of primary interview participants
2.2.2.2 Breakdown of primaries
2.2.2.3 Key data from primary sources
2.2.2.4 Key industry insights
2.3 FACTOR ANALYSIS
2.3.1 SUPPLY-SIDE ANALYSIS
2.3.2 DEMAND-SIDE ANALYSIS
2.4 MARKET SIZE ESTIMATION METHODOLOGY
2.4.1 BOTTOM-UP APPROACH
2.4.1.1 Approach to arrive at market size using bottom-up analysis (demand side)
2.4.2 TOP-DOWN APPROACH
2.4.2.1 Approach to arrive at market size using top-down approach (supply side)
2.5 MARKET BREAKDOWN AND DATA TRIANGULATION
2.6 RESEARCH ASSUMPTIONS
2.7 RESEARCH LIMITATIONS
2.8 RISK ANALYSIS
3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
4 PREMIUM INSIGHTS
4.1 ATTRACTIVE OPPORTUNITIES FOR PLAYERS IN ELECTRONIC TOLL COLLECTION MARKET
4.2 ELECTRONIC TOLL COLLECTION MARKET IN NORTH AMERICA, BY COUNTRY
4.3 ELECTRONIC TOLL COLLECTION MARKET, BY APPLICATION
4.4 ELECTRONIC TOLL COLLECTION MARKET, BY OFFERING
4.5 ELECTRONIC TOLL COLLECTION MARKET FOR HIGHWAY APPLICATIONS, BY REGION
4.6 ELECTRONIC TOLL COLLECTION MARKET, BY REGION
4.7 ELECTRONIC TOLL COLLECTION MARKET, BY GEOGRAPHY
5 MARKET OVERVIEW
5.1 INTRODUCTION
5.2 MARKET DYNAMICS
5.2.1 DRIVERS
5.2.1.1 Urgent need to mitigate traffic congestion and reduce road accidents
5.2.1.2 Strong government support to deploy advanced tolling solutions
5.2.1.3 High convenience of automated toll payment options
5.2.1.4 Technological advancements in transportation infrastructure
5.2.2 RESTRAINTS
5.2.2.1 Overreliance on technologies and susceptibility to technical failure
5.2.2.2 ETC implementation constraints in developing countries
5.2.2.3 Requirement for high initial investments in GPS- and GNSS-based ETC systems
5.2.3 OPPORTUNITIES
5.2.3.1 Significant focus on minimizing fuel consumption and emissions for economic and environmental gains
5.2.3.2 Integration of blockchain technology into toll collection systems
5.2.3.3 Rising number of public-private partnership agreements in transportation sector
5.2.3.4 Increasing adoption of all-electronic tolling systems
5.2.4 CHALLENGES
5.2.4.1 Data privacy concerns
5.2.4.2 Interoperability issues associated with tolling systems
5.3 TRENDS/DISRUPTIONS IMPACTING CUSTOMER BUSINESS
5.4 PRICING ANALYSIS
5.4.1 AVERAGE SELLING PRICE OF RFID TAGS AND READERS OFFERED BY KEY PLAYERS, 2024
5.4.2 AVERAGE SELLING PRICE TREND OF RFID TAGS, 2020-2024
5.4.3 AVERAGE SELLING PRICE TREND OF ELECTRONIC TOLL COLLECTION SYSTEMS, BY REGION, 2020-2024
5.5 VALUE CHAIN ANALYSIS
5.6 ECOSYSTEM ANALYSIS
5.7 INVESTMENT AND FUNDING SCENARIO
5.8 TECHNOLOGY ANALYSIS
5.8.1 KEY TECHNOLOGIES
5.8.1.1 RFID
5.8.1.2 DSRC
5.8.2 COMPLEMENTARY TECHNOLOGIES
5.8.2.1 GNSS/GPS
5.8.3 ADJACENT TECHNOLOGIES
5.8.3.1 ALPR and ANPR
5.9 PATENT ANALYSIS
5.10 TRADE ANALYSIS
5.10.1 IMPORT SCENARIO (HS CODE 8530)
5.10.2 EXPORT SCENARIO (HS CODE 8530)
5.11 KEY CONFERENCES AND EVENTS, 2025
5.12 CASE STUDY ANALYSIS
5.12.1 WESTERN DIGITAL AND THEOBROMA SYSTEMS PROVIDED CUSTOMIZED TOLL COLLECTION SYSTEM FOR EUROPEAN PROJECT
5.12.2 SICE UPGRADED HUMBER BRIDGE TOLLING SYSTEM FOR OPTIMIZED TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT AND REVENUE GENERATION
5.12.3 MASSACHUSETTS DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION SELECTED TRANSCORE FOR E-ZPASS CUSTOMER SERVICE ENHANCEMENT
5.12.4 ERC SELECTED CLOUD-BASED TOLLING SOLUTION FROM COGNIZANT TO MAXIMIZE REVENUE
5.12.5 PLUS MALAYSIA USED TAPWAY'S AI AND NVIDIA'S GPUS IN RFID TOLL TRACKING SYSTEM BASED ON ANPR TECHNOLOGY
5.13 TARIFF AND REGULATORY LANDSCAPE
5.13.1 TARIFF ANALYSIS
5.13.2 REGULATORY BODIES, GOVERNMENT AGENCIES, AND OTHER ORGANIZATIONS
5.13.3 STANDARDS
5.14 PORTER'S FIVE FORCES ANALYSIS
5.14.1 THREAT OF NEW ENTRANTS
5.14.2 THREAT OF SUBSTITUTES
5.14.3 BARGAINING POWER OF SUPPLIERS
5.14.4 BARGAINING POWER OF BUYERS
5.14.5 INTENSITY OF COMPETITIVE RIVALRY
5.15 KEY STAKEHOLDERS AND BUYING CRITERIA
5.15.1 KEY STAKEHOLDERS IN BUYING PROCESS
5.15.2 BUYING CRITERIA
5.16 IMPACT OF AI/GEN AI ON ELECTRONIC TOLL COLLECTION MARKET
5.17 IMPACT OF 2025 US TARIFF ON ELECTRONIC TOLL COLLECTION MARKET
5.17.1 INTRODUCTION
5.17.2 KEY TARIFF RATES
5.17.3 PRICE IMPACT ANALYSIS
5.17.4 IMPACT ON COUNTRY/REGION
5.17.4.1 US
5.17.5 EUROPE
5.17.6 ASIA PACIFIC
5.17.7 IMPACT ON APPLICATIONS
5.17.7.1 Highways
5.17.7.2 Urban areas
6 PAYMENT METHODS ADOPTED TO PAY TOLLS
6.1 INTRODUCTION
6.2 PREPAID
6.3 POST-PAID
7 ELECTRONIC TOLL COLLECTION MARKET, BY TYPE
7.1 INTRODUCTION
7.2 TRANSPONDERS/TAG-BASED TOLLING SYSTEMS
7.2.1 SCALABILITY, COST-EFFECTIVENESS, AND SEAMLESS INTEGRATION FEATURES TO SPUR DEMAND
7.3 OTHER TYPES
8 ELECTRONIC TOLL COLLECTION MARKET, BY TECHNOLOGY
8.1 INTRODUCTION
8.2 RFID
8.2.1 LARGE-SCALE UTILIZATION FOR ELECTRONIC IDENTIFICATION, TRACKING, AND STORING INFORMATION TO ACCELERATE SEGMENTAL GROWTH
8.3 DSRC
8.3.1 HIGH ADOPTION FOR TWO-WAY COMMUNICATION BETWEEN VEHICLES AND ROADSIDE EQUIPMENT TO FUEL SEGMENTAL GROWTH
8.4 OTHER TECHNOLOGIES
9 ELECTRONIC TOLL COLLECTION MARKET, BY OFFERING
9.1 INTRODUCTION
9.2 HARDWARE
9.2.1 NEED FOR UNINTERRUPTED TRAFFIC FLOW AT TOLL PLAZAS TO BOOST ADOPTION
9.3 BACK OFFICE & OTHER SERVICES
9.3.1 REQUIREMENT TO PROCESS HIGH-VOLUME TRANSACTIONS TO FUEL DEMAND
10 ELECTRONIC TOLL COLLECTION MARKET, BY APPLICATION
10.1 INTRODUCTION
10.2 HIGHWAYS
10.2.1 GROWING TRAFFIC AT TOLL PLAZAS TO BOOST SEGMENTAL GROWTH
10.3 URBAN AREAS
10.3.1 GROWING EMPHASIS ON TRAFFIC CONGESTION MANAGEMENT TO FOSTER SEGMENTAL GROWTH
11 ELECTRONIC TOLL COLLECTION MARKET, BY REGION
11.1 INTRODUCTION
11.2 NORTH AMERICA
11.2.1 MACROECONOMIC OUTLOOK FOR NORTH AMERICA
11.2.2 US
11.2.2.1 Growing emphasis on modernizing road infrastructure to accelerate market growth
11.2.3 CANADA
11.2.3.1 Rising installation of ETC systems on major highways and bridges to drive market
11.2.4 MEXICO
11.2.4.1 Increasing number of projects for connecting with neighboring countries to contribute to market growth
11.3 EUROPE
11.3.1 MACROECONOMIC OUTLOOK FOR EUROPE
11.3.2 EU5 COUNTRIES
11.3.2.1 Strong presence of automobile manufacturers to accelerate market growth
11.3.3 WESTERN EUROPE
11.3.3.1 Growing emphasis on securing ETC projects to drive market
11.3.4 REST OF EUROPE
11.4 ASIA PACIFIC
11.4.1 MACROECONOMIC OUTLOOK FOR ASIA PACIFIC
11.4.2 CHINA
11.4.2.1 Rising government support for automating toll payments to augment market growth
11.4.3 JAPAN
11.4.3.1 Increasing need to reduce traffic at toll gates to fuel market growth
11.4.4 ASEAN COUNTRIES
11.4.4.1 Growing deployment of multi-lane free-flow (MLFF) systems to support market growth
11.4.5 REST OF ASIA PACIFIC
11.5 ROW
11.5.1 MACROECONOMIC OUTLOOK FOR ROW
11.5.2 SOUTH AMERICA
11.5.2.1 Presence of vast network of highways to contribute to market growth
11.5.3 MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA
11.5.3.1 Rising government initiatives toward smart city development and traffic congestion reduction to drive market
11.5.3.2 GCC countries
11.5.3.3 Rest of Middle East & Africa
12 COMPETITIVE LANDSCAPE
12.1 OVERVIEW
12.2 KEY PLAYER STRATEGIES/RIGHT TO WIN, 2021-2025
12.3 MARKET SHARE ANALYSIS, 2024
12.4 REVENUE ANALYSIS OF TOP FIVE PLAYERS, 2020-2024
12.5 COMPANY VALUATION AND FINANCIAL METRICS
12.6 BRAND COMPARISON
12.7 COMPANY EVALUATION MATRIX: KEY PLAYERS, 2024
12.7.1 STARS
12.7.2 EMERGING LEADERS
12.7.3 PERVASIVE PLAYERS
12.7.4 PARTICIPANTS
12.7.5 COMPANY FOOTPRINT: KEY PLAYERS, 2024
12.7.5.1 Company footprint
12.7.5.2 Region footprint
12.7.5.3 Offering footprint
12.7.5.4 Type footprint
12.7.5.5 Technology footprint
12.7.5.6 Application footprint
12.8 COMPANY EVALUATION MATRIX: STARTUPS/SMES, 2024
