한글목차

세계 그린 수소 시장은 각국의 탈탄소화 추진에 따라 급속한 성장세를 보이고 있습니다. 시장 규모는 전체 수소 생산량의 1% 미만이지만, 2030년까지 45-50% 이상의 놀라운 CAGR을 보일 전망입니다.. 그린 수소는 전기분해를 통해 생산되며, 전기를 이용해 물을 수소와 산소로 분리합니다. 이 전기가 태양광, 풍력 등 재생에너지로 공급될 경우, 생성된 수소는 사실상 CO2를 배출하지 않아 수송, 산업, 발전의 탈탄소화를 위한 중요한 솔루션이 될 수 있습니다. 2036년까지 시장 전망은 상당한 성장 가능성을 보여주고 있습니다. 중요한 전환점은 2030-2031년경으로, 유리한 지역에서 그린 수소가 블루수소 대비 비용 경쟁력을 확보하기 시작하면서 산업적 채택이 가속화될 것으로 보입니다.

생산량은 이 신흥 산업의 물리적 규모를 여실히 보여줍니다. 그린 수소 생산량은 2024년 100만 톤 미만으로 시작해 2036년까지 1억-1억 3,800만 톤에 달할 것으로 예상되며, 12년 동안 100-150배 확대될 것으로 전망됩니다. 지역 역학은 산업의 진화를 형성하는 현저한 지리적 격차를 보여줍니다. 비용 추이는 여전히 시장 실행 가능성에 있어 핵심적인 요소입니다.

전해조 시장은 이러한 전환을 뒷받침하는 기술적 기반이 될 것입니다. 2024년 세계 생산능력은 25GW/년(가동률 10-15%로 매우 낮은 수준)이었으나, 2036년까지 440-690GW/년으로 확대될 것으로 예측됩니다. 시스템의 평균 가격은 규모의 경제와 기술 혁신으로 2024년 750-1,400달러/kW에서 2036년까지 270-390달러/kW로 하락할 것으로 예측됩니다. 기존의 수소 생산은 여전히 화석연료가 주류를 이루고 있습니다. 수증기 개질이 세계 생산량의 약 75%, 석탄 가스화가 약 23%, 석유 개질이 약 2%를 차지합니다. 이러한 기존 방식에서 친환경 생산으로의 전환은 전 세계적으로 진행되고 있는 가장 중요한 산업 변화 중 하나이며, 전례 없는 인프라 투자와 국제적인 협력이 필요합니다.

그린 수소 산업은 비용 경쟁력 부족, 전해 장치 제조 과잉 생산 능력, 인프라 병목 현상, 프로젝트 타당성에 영향을 미치는 심각한 오프 테이크 위기 등 큰 역풍에 직면해 있습니다.

이 보고서는 세계 그린 수소 시장을 조사 분석하여 수소 경제의 진화를 형성하는 각 지역 시장 역학, 기술 선택 기준, 투자 위험 요소에 대한 실행 가능한 인사이트를 제공합니다.

프로파일에 포함된 기업

등

목차

제1장 주요 요약

• 시장 개요 : 이동기에 있는 부문
• 리얼리티 체크 : 프로젝트 취소 및 시장 통합
• 정책과 규제 상황 : 다른 궤적
• 시장 경제 : 비용 경쟁력 과제
• 수요 상황 개요 : 산업 용도가 리드, 신규 시장은 고전
• 지역 시장 역학 : 수출입 불균형 표면화
• 시장 예측(2024년-2036년) : 개정된 예측
• 전해조 기술과 제조 : 과잉 생산능력
• 투자 전망 : 선택적 전개와 리스크 경감
• 업계가 직면하는 중대한 과제
• 전망 : 수소 경제로의 더 느린 길

제2장 서론

• 수소 분류
• 세계의 에너지 수요와 소비
• 수소 경제와 생산
• 수소 생산 CO2 배출 감축
• 그린 수소 경제성
• 수소 밸류체인
• 국가의 수소에 관한 이니셔티브, 정책, 및 규제
• 수소 인증
• 카본 가격 설정
• 시장이 해결해야 할 과제
• 업계 동향(2020년-2025년)
• 시장 맵
• 세계의 수소 생산
• 세계의 수소 수요 예측

제3장 그린 수소 생산

• 개요
• 그린 수소 프로젝트
• 사용 동기
• 탈탄소화
• 비교 분석
• 에너지 전환의 역할
• 재생에너지원
• SWOT 분석

제4장 전해조기술

• 서론
• 주요 유형
• 기술 선택 결정 요인
• 밸런스 오브 플랜트
• 특징
• 장단점
• 전해조 시장
• 알칼리수 전해조(AWE)
• 음이온 교환막 전해조(AEMEL)
• 양성자 교환막 전해조(PEMEL)
• 고체 산화물 물 전해조(SOEC)
• 기타 유형
• 비용
• 그린 수소 생산에의 물과 토지 사용
• 전해조 제조능력
• 세계 시장 매출

제5장 수소 저장과 운송

• 시장 개요
• 수소 운송 방법
• 수소 압축, 액화 및 저장
• 시장 진출기업

제6장 수소 이용

• 수소 연료전지
• 대체연료 생산
• 수소 자동차
• 항공
• 암모니아 생산
• 메탄올 생산
• 제강
• 전력과 열 생성
• 해사
• 연료전지 열차

제7장 기업 개요(기업 167개사 개요)

제8장 부록

제9장 참고 문헌

영문목차

The global green hydrogen market is experiencing rapid expansion as economies worldwide pursue decarbonization. The market represents less than 1% of total hydrogen production, but demonstrates extraordinary compound annual growth rates exceeding 45-50% through 2030. Green hydrogen is produced through electrolysis, using electricity to split water into hydrogen and oxygen. When this electricity comes from renewable sources like solar or wind, the hydrogen produced has virtually no CO2 emissions, making it a key solution for decarbonizing transportation, industry, and power generation. The market outlook through 2036 reveals substantial growth potential. A critical inflection point occurs around 2030-2031 when green hydrogen begins achieving cost competitiveness with blue hydrogen in favorable regions, triggering accelerated industrial adoption.

Production volumes underscore the physical scale of this emerging industry. Green hydrogen production started from under 1 million tonnes in 2024 and could potentially reach 100-138 million tonnes by 2036-a 100-150x expansion over twelve years. Regional dynamics reveal significant geographic imbalances shaping the industry's evolution. Cost trajectories remain central to market viability.

The electrolyzer market represents the technology backbone of this transition. Starting from 25 GW/year global manufacturing capacity in 2024-heavily underutilized at 10-15%-capacity is expected to expand to 440-690 GW/year by 2036. Average system prices are declining from $750-1,400/kW in 2024 to $270-390/kW by 2036 through economies of scale and technology improvements. Traditional hydrogen production remains dominated by fossil fuels. Steam methane reforming accounts for approximately 75% of global production, with coal gasification representing about 23% and oil reforming roughly 2%. The transition from these conventional methods to green production represents one of the most significant industrial transformations underway globally, requiring unprecedented infrastructure investment and international coordination.

"The Global Green Hydrogen Market 2026-2036" is a comprehensive 460+ page market report that provides an authoritative analysis of the green hydrogen sector, examining project cancellations, market consolidation, electrolyzer technology developments, and revised demand forecasts through 2036. Essential reading for energy industry stakeholders, investors, policymakers, and technology developers seeking data-driven insights into hydrogen economy opportunities and challenges.

The green hydrogen industry faces significant headwinds including cost competitiveness gaps, electrolyzer manufacturing overcapacity, infrastructure bottlenecks, and the critical offtake crisis affecting project viability. This report delivers realistic market assessments based on 2024-2025 market conditions, providing actionable intelligence on regional market dynamics, technology selection criteria, and investment risk factors shaping the hydrogen economy's evolution.

Report Contents Include:

• Executive summary with revised market projections addressing project cancellations and market consolidation realities
• Comprehensive analysis of the cost competitiveness challenge comparing green hydrogen economics across production methods and regions
• Deep-dive into electrolyzer technologies: alkaline water electrolyzers (AWE), proton exchange membrane (PEM), solid oxide (SOEC), and anion exchange membrane (AEM) systems with performance benchmarks and cost trajectories
• Assessment of Chinese manufacturing dominance and its impact on global electrolyzer pricing
• Detailed examination of hard-to-abate sectors including steel production, ammonia manufacturing, and refining applications
• Hydrogen storage and transport infrastructure analysis covering pipeline networks, maritime shipping, and the ammonia cracking bottleneck
• End-use market evaluations spanning maritime fuel, sustainable aviation fuel, fuel cell vehicles, power generation, and industrial heating
• Regional policy landscape analysis for United States, European Union, and China with carbon pricing mechanisms comparison
• Import-export dynamics and emerging international trade flow projections
• Market revenue forecasts, production volume projections, and electrolyzer equipment market sizing through 2036
• 167 company profiles with technology portfolios, strategic developments, and competitive positioning
• 172 data tables and 54 figures providing comprehensive market quantification

Companies Profiled include:

and more....

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

• 1.1. Market Overview: A Sector in Transition
• 1.2. The Reality Check: Project Cancellations and Market Consolidation
• 1.3. Policy and Regulatory Landscape: Diverging Trajectories
  • 1.3.1. United States
  • 1.3.2. European Union
  • 1.3.3. China
• 1.4. Market Economics: The Cost Competitiveness Challenge
• 1.5. Demand Picture: Industrial Applications Lead, New Markets Struggle
  • 1.5.1. Strong Adoption - Existing Industrial Applications
  • 1.5.2. Struggling Adoption - New Applications
• 1.6. Regional Market Dynamics: Import-Export Imbalances Emerging
• 1.7. Market Forecast 2024-2036: Revised Projections
  • 1.7.1. Market Size
  • 1.7.2. Production Volume
  • 1.7.3. Key Applications by 2036 (Demand Breakdown)
• 1.8. Electrolyzer Technology and Manufacturing: Capacity Overhang
• 1.9. Investment Outlook: Selective Deployment and Risk Mitigation
• 1.10. Critical Challenges Facing the Sector
• 1.11. Outlook: Slower Path to a Hydrogen Economy

2. INTRODUCTION

• 2.1. Hydrogen classification
  • 2.1.1. Hydrogen colour shades
• 2.2. Global energy demand and consumption
  • 2.2.1. 2024-2025 Market Reality Check
• 2.3. The hydrogen economy and production
  • 2.3.1. The Project Cancellation Wave (2024-2025)
• 2.4. Removing CO2 emissions from hydrogen production
• 2.5. The Economics of Green Hydrogen
  • 2.5.1. Cost Gaps and Market Imperatives
    • 2.5.1.1. The Cost Competitiveness Challenge: Reality vs. Expectations
  • 2.5.2. Hard-to-Abate Sectors
    • 2.5.2.1. Market Reality: Industrial Replacement vs. New Applications
  • 2.5.3. Steel Production
    • 2.5.3.1. 2024-2025 Steel Sector Update
  • 2.5.4. Ammonia Production
    • 2.5.4.1. The Maritime Fuel Opportunity: Ammonia as Hydrogen Carrier
  • 2.5.5. Chemical Industry and Refining
    • 2.5.5.1. European Refiners: The Unexpected Green Hydrogen Leaders
  • 2.5.6. Current Electrolyzer Technologies
    • 2.5.6.1. 2024-2025 Electrolyzer Market Reality: Overcapacity and Consolidation
      • 2.5.6.1.1. Supply Chain Fragility
    • 2.5.6.2. Alkaline Water Electrolyzers: Proven Technology Dominates Market
      • 2.5.6.2.1. Why Alkaline Won (2024-2025)
    • 2.5.6.3. Proton Exchange Membrane Electrolyzers: Superior Performance, Limited Adoption
      • 2.5.6.3.1. The PEM Paradox
      • 2.5.6.3.2. Why PEM Underperformed Market Expectations
      • 2.5.6.3.3. PEM's Niche Applications (2024-2025)
    • 2.5.6.4. Solid Oxide Electrolyzers: High Efficiency, High Risk, Distant Commercialization
    • 2.5.6.5. 2024-2025 Reality Check
    • 2.5.6.6. Why Alkaline Won Over SOEC
    • 2.5.6.7. Next-Generation Technologies
      • 2.5.6.7.1. Anion Exchange Membrane Electrolyzers: Bridging the Gap-Slowly
      • 2.5.6.7.2. Novel Approaches: Beyond Conventional Electrolysis
  • 2.5.7. The Path Forward: Selective Deployment, Patient Capital, Policy Dependency
    • 2.5.7.1. The New Reality: What Changed
    • 2.5.7.2. Implementation Pathways by Application
      • 2.5.7.2.1. Near-Term Success Cases (2024-2030)
      • 2.5.7.2.2. Medium-Term Opportunities (2030-2036)
      • 2.5.7.2.3. Long-Term/Uncertain (Post-2036)
      • 2.5.7.2.4. Failed Applications (Effectively Abandoned)
• 2.6. Hydrogen value chain
  • 2.6.1. Production
    • 2.6.1.1. Production Infrastructure Reality (2024-2025)
      • 2.6.1.1.1. Major Operational Facilities (2024-2025)
  • 2.6.2. Transport and storage
    • 2.6.2.1. Hydrogen Transport: The $80-120 Billion Infrastructure Gap
      • 2.6.2.1.1. Current Transport Infrastructure
    • 2.6.2.2. Infrastructure Investment Requirements (2025-2036)
    • 2.6.2.3. Critical Challenges
    • 2.6.2.4. Hydrogen Storage: Limited Options, High Costs
      • 2.6.2.4.1. Storage Methods and Current Status
  • 2.6.3. Utilization
    • 2.6.3.1. Current Utilization by Sector (2024)
• 2.7. National hydrogen initiatives, policy and regulation
  • 2.7.1. The Policy Dependency Reality
• 2.8. Hydrogen certification
• 2.9. Carbon pricing
  • 2.9.1. Overview
    • 2.9.1.1. The Carbon Price Threshold for Green Hydrogen
  • 2.9.2. Global Carbon Pricing Landscape (2024-2025)
    • 2.9.2.1. High Carbon Pricing
    • 2.9.2.2. Moderate Carbon Pricing (Insufficient for Green H2)
    • 2.9.2.3. No/Minimal Carbon Pricing (Green H2 Requires Full Subsidies):
  • 2.9.3. Carbon Pricing Mechanisms Comparison
  • 2.9.4. The "Carbon Price + Mandate + Subsidy" Trinity
    • 2.9.4.1. 2024-2025 Lesson: All Three Required
  • 2.9.5. Carbon Pricing Projections and Green Hydrogen Implications
    • 2.9.5.1. Global Carbon Price Scenarios
  • 2.9.6. Carbon Pricing Alternatives and Supplements
• 2.10. Market challenges
  • 2.10.1. The Offtake Crisis (Most Critical Challenge)
  • 2.10.2. The Infrastructure Chicken-and-Egg
  • 2.10.3. Cost Competitiveness - The Persistent Gap
  • 2.10.4. Technology Maturity Gap
• 2.11. Industry developments 2020-2025
• 2.12. Market map
• 2.13. Global hydrogen production
  • 2.13.1. Industrial applications
  • 2.13.2. Hydrogen energy
    • 2.13.2.1. Stationary use
    • 2.13.2.2. Hydrogen for mobility
  • 2.13.3. Current Annual H2 Production
    • 2.13.3.1. Global Hydrogen Production: Reality vs. Ambition (2024-2025)
    • 2.13.3.2. Regional Production Patterns and Methods
  • 2.13.4. Leading Green Hydrogen Projects and Operational Status
  • 2.13.5. The Project Cancellation Wave
  • 2.13.6. Hydrogen production processes
    • 2.13.6.1. Regional Variation in Production Methods
    • 2.13.6.2. The Capacity Deployment Gap
    • 2.13.6.3. Production Cost Drivers by Technology
    • 2.13.6.4. Geographic Cost Competitiveness
    • 2.13.6.5. Hydrogen as by-product
    • 2.13.6.6. Reforming
      • 2.13.6.6.1. SMR wet method
      • 2.13.6.6.2. Oxidation of petroleum fractions
      • 2.13.6.6.3. Coal gasification
    • 2.13.6.7. Reforming or coal gasification with CO2 capture and storage
    • 2.13.6.8. Steam reforming of biomethane
    • 2.13.6.9. Water electrolysis
    • 2.13.6.10. The "Power-to-Gas" concept
    • 2.13.6.11. Fuel cell stack
    • 2.13.6.12. Electrolysers
    • 2.13.6.13. Other
      • 2.13.6.13.1. Plasma technologies
      • 2.13.6.13.2. Photosynthesis
      • 2.13.6.13.3. Bacterial or biological processes
      • 2.13.6.13.4. Oxidation (biomimicry)
  • 2.13.7. Production costs
• 2.14. Global hydrogen demand forecasts
  • 2.14.1. Green and Blue Hydrogen Penetration
  • 2.14.2. Demand by End-Use Application
  • 2.14.3. Green Hydrogen Demand by Application
  • 2.14.4. Regional Demand Patterns
  • 2.14.5. Import-Export Dynamics and Trade Flows
  • 2.14.6. Demand Growth Drivers and Constraints
  • 2.14.7. Market Size and Revenue Forecasts: Recalibrating the Hydrogen Economy
    • 2.14.7.1. Total Hydrogen Market Revenue
    • 2.14.7.2. Electrolyzer Equipment Market
    • 2.14.7.3. Infrastructure Investment Requirements
    • 2.14.7.4. Green Hydrogen Market Revenue by Application
    • 2.14.7.5. Investment Flow Analysis
    • 2.14.7.6. Geographic Distribution of Investment
  • 2.14.8. Market Concentration and Competitive Dynamics

3. GREEN HYDROGEN PRODUCTION

• 3.1. Overview
• 3.2. Green hydrogen projects
• 3.3. Motivation for use
• 3.4. Decarbonization
• 3.5. Comparative analysis
• 3.6. Role in energy transition
• 3.7. Renewable energy sources
  • 3.7.1. Wind power
  • 3.7.2. Solar Power
  • 3.7.3. Nuclear
  • 3.7.4. Capacities
  • 3.7.5. Costs
• 3.8. SWOT analysis

4. ELECTROLYZER TECHNOLOGIES

• 4.1. Introduction
  • 4.1.1. Technical Specifications and Performance Evolution
  • 4.1.2. Chinese Manufacturing Leadership
  • 4.1.3. Architecture and Design Evolution
  • 4.1.4. Cost Structure and Economic Competitiveness
  • 4.1.5. Future Outlook and Development Trajectory
  • 4.1.6. Market Share Projections
• 4.2. Main types
• 4.3. Technology Selection Decision Factors
• 4.4. Balance of Plant
• 4.5. Characteristics
• 4.6. Advantages and disadvantages
• 4.7. Electrolyzer market
  • 4.7.1. Market trends
  • 4.7.2. Market landscape
    • 4.7.2.1. Market Structure Evolution
  • 4.7.3. Innovations
  • 4.7.4. Cost challenges
  • 4.7.5. Why Electrolyzers Differ from Solar/Batteries
  • 4.7.6. Scale-up
  • 4.7.7. Manufacturing challenges
  • 4.7.8. Market opportunity and outlook
• 4.8. Alkaline water electrolyzers (AWE)
  • 4.8.1. Technology description
  • 4.8.2. AWE plant
  • 4.8.3. Components and materials
  • 4.8.4. Costs
  • 4.8.5. Levelized Cost of Hydrogen (LCOH) from AWE
  • 4.8.6. Companies
• 4.9. Anion exchange membrane electrolyzers (AEMEL)
  • 4.9.1. Technology description
  • 4.9.2. Technical Specifications - Lab vs. Demonstration vs. Target
  • 4.9.3. AEMEL plant
  • 4.9.4. Components and materials
    • 4.9.4.1. Catalysts
    • 4.9.4.2. Anion exchange membranes (AEMs)
    • 4.9.4.3. Materials
  • 4.9.5. Costs
    • 4.9.5.1. Current Cost Structure (2024-2025)
    • 4.9.5.2. Performance and Cost Positioning
    • 4.9.5.3. Levelized Cost of Hydrogen (LCOH) from AMEL
    • 4.9.5.4. Cost Reduction Pathways
  • 4.9.6. Companies
• 4.10. Proton exchange membrane electrolyzers (PEMEL)
  • 4.10.1. Technology description
  • 4.10.2. The Iridium Bottleneck - Critical Material Constraint
  • 4.10.3. PEMEL plant
  • 4.10.4. Components and materials
    • 4.10.4.1. Membranes
    • 4.10.4.2. Advanced PEMEL stack designs
    • 4.10.4.3. Plug-and-Play & Customizable PEMEL Systems
    • 4.10.4.4. PEMELs and proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs)
  • 4.10.5. Costs
    • 4.10.5.1. Current Cost Structure (2024-2025)
    • 4.10.5.2. Cost Reduction Pathways (2024-2050)
  • 4.10.6. Companies
• 4.11. Solid oxide water electrolyzers (SOEC)
  • 4.11.1. Technology description
  • 4.11.2. Technical Performance - Theoretical vs. Demonstrated Reality
  • 4.11.3. Why SOEC Cannot Compete - Economic Reality
  • 4.11.4. SOEC plant
  • 4.11.5. Components and materials
    • 4.11.5.1. External process heat
    • 4.11.5.2. Clean Syngas Production
    • 4.11.5.3. Nuclear power
    • 4.11.5.4. SOEC and SOFC cells
      • 4.11.5.4.1. Tubular cells
      • 4.11.5.4.2. Planar cells
    • 4.11.5.5. SOEC Electrolyte
  • 4.11.6. Costs
    • 4.11.6.1. Current Cost Structure (2024-2025)
    • 4.11.6.2. Levelized Cost of Hydrogen (LCOH) from SOEC
  • 4.11.7. Companies
• 4.12. Other types
  • 4.12.1. Overview
  • 4.12.2. CO2 electrolysis
    • 4.12.2.1. Electrochemical CO2 Reduction
    • 4.12.2.2. Electrochemical CO2 Reduction Catalysts
    • 4.12.2.3. Electrochemical CO2 Reduction Technologies
    • 4.12.2.4. Low-Temperature Electrochemical CO2 Reduction
    • 4.12.2.5. High-Temperature Solid Oxide Electrolyzers
    • 4.12.2.6. Cost
    • 4.12.2.7. Challenges
    • 4.12.2.8. Coupling H2 and Electrochemical CO2
    • 4.12.2.9. Products
  • 4.12.3. Seawater electrolysis
    • 4.12.3.1. Direct Seawater vs Brine (Chlor-Alkali) Electrolysis
    • 4.12.3.2. Key Challenges & Limitations
  • 4.12.4. Protonic Ceramic Electrolyzers (PCE)
  • 4.12.5. Microbial Electrolysis Cells (MEC)
  • 4.12.6. Photoelectrochemical Cells (PEC)
  • 4.12.7. Companies
• 4.13. Costs
• 4.14. Water and land use for green hydrogen production
  • 4.14.1. Water Consumption Reality
  • 4.14.2. Land Requirements Reality
• 4.15. Electrolyzer manufacturing capacities
• 4.16. Global Market Revenues

5. HYDROGEN STORAGE AND TRANSPORT

• 5.1. Market overview
• 5.2. Hydrogen transport methods
  • 5.2.1. Pipeline transportation
    • 5.2.1.1. Current Infrastructure Reality
    • 5.2.1.2. Natural Gas Pipeline Repurposing - The Failed Promise
    • 5.2.1.3. Pipeline Economics and Project Viability
  • 5.2.2. Road or rail transport
  • 5.2.3. Maritime transportation
    • 5.2.3.1. Ammonia vs. Liquid Hydrogen Shipping - The Decisive Battle
    • 5.2.3.2. Ammonia Shipping Infrastructure Requirements
    • 5.2.3.3. Ammonia Cracking - The Critical Bottleneck
  • 5.2.4. On-board-vehicle transport
• 5.3. Hydrogen compression, liquefaction, storage
  • 5.3.1. Storage Technology Overview and Economics
  • 5.3.2. Solid storage
  • 5.3.3. Liquid storage on support
  • 5.3.4. Underground storage
    • 5.3.4.1. Salt Cavern Storage - Detailed Assessment
    • 5.3.4.2. Alternative Underground Storage Options
  • 5.3.5. Subsea Hydrogen Storage
• 5.4. Market players

6. HYDROGEN UTILIZATION

• 6.1. Hydrogen Fuel Cells
  • 6.1.1. Market overview
  • 6.1.2. Critical Market Failure - Light-Duty Vehicles
  • 6.1.3. Why FCEVs Failed
  • 6.1.4. PEM fuel cells (PEMFCs)
  • 6.1.5. Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs)
  • 6.1.6. Alternative fuel cells
• 6.2. Alternative fuel production
  • 6.2.1. Solid Biofuels
  • 6.2.2. Liquid Biofuels
  • 6.2.3. Gaseous Biofuels
  • 6.2.4. Conventional Biofuels
  • 6.2.5. Advanced Biofuels
  • 6.2.6. Feedstocks
  • 6.2.7. Production of biodiesel and other biofuels
  • 6.2.8. Renewable diesel
  • 6.2.9. Biojet and sustainable aviation fuel (SAF)
  • 6.2.10. Electrofuels (E-fuels, power-to-gas/liquids/fuels)
    • 6.2.10.1. Hydrogen electrolysis
    • 6.2.10.2. eFuel production facilities, current and planned
• 6.3. Hydrogen Vehicles
  • 6.3.1. Market overview
  • 6.3.2. Light-Duty FCEV Market Collapse
  • 6.3.3. Manufacturer Exits and Remaining Players
  • 6.3.4. Refueling Infrastructure Collapse
  • 6.3.5. Heavy-Duty Hydrogen Trucks - Uncertain Future
• 6.4. Aviation
  • 6.4.1. Market overview
• 6.5. Ammonia production
  • 6.5.1. Market overview
  • 6.5.2. Current Market Structure
  • 6.5.3. Drivers of Green Ammonia Adoption
  • 6.5.4. Maritime Fuel - The Game Changer
  • 6.5.5. Decarbonisation of ammonia production
  • 6.5.6. Green ammonia synthesis methods
    • 6.5.6.1. Haber-Bosch process
    • 6.5.6.2. Biological nitrogen fixation
    • 6.5.6.3. Electrochemical production
    • 6.5.6.4. Chemical looping processes
  • 6.5.7. Green Ammonia Production Costs
  • 6.5.8. Blue ammonia
    • 6.5.8.1. Blue ammonia projects
  • 6.5.9. Chemical energy storage
    • 6.5.9.1. Ammonia fuel cells
    • 6.5.9.2. Marine fuel
• 6.6. Methanol production
  • 6.6.1. Market overview
    • 6.6.1.1. Current Market Structure
  • 6.6.2. E-Methanol Economics
  • 6.6.3. Maritime Methanol vs. Ammonia Competition:
  • 6.6.4. Methanol-to gasoline technology
    • 6.6.4.1. Production processes
      • 6.6.4.1.1. Anaerobic digestion
      • 6.6.4.1.2. Biomass gasification
      • 6.6.4.1.3. Power to Methane
• 6.7. Steelmaking
  • 6.7.1. Market overview
  • 6.7.2. Current Steel Production Methods
    • 6.7.2.1. H-DRI Process Overview
  • 6.7.3. Green Steel Production Costs and Economics
  • 6.7.4. Regional Green Steel Development
  • 6.7.5. Comparative analysis
    • 6.7.5.1. BF-BOF vs. H-DRI + EAF - Comprehensive Comparison:
  • 6.7.6. Hydrogen Direct Reduced Iron (DRI)
  • 6.7.7. Green Steel Market Demand and Willingness-to-Pay:
• 6.8. Power & heat generation
  • 6.8.1. Market overview
    • 6.8.1.1. Why Hydrogen Failed in Power Sector
  • 6.8.2. Power generation
  • 6.8.3. Economics of Hydrogen Power
  • 6.8.4. Heat Generation
    • 6.8.4.1. Building Heating with Hydrogen - Failed Application
• 6.9. Maritime
  • 6.9.1. Market overview
  • 6.9.2. IMO Regulatory Framework - The Demand Driver
  • 6.9.3. Ammonia vs. Methanol for Maritime - Technology Competition
  • 6.9.4. Maritime Ammonia Infrastructure Requirements
  • 6.9.5. Ammonia Marine Engines and Fuel Cells
• 6.10. Fuel cell trains
  • 6.10.1. Market overview

7. COMPANY PROFILES (167 company profiles)

8. APPENDIX

• 8.1. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

9. REFERENCES