개요
암모니아 분해 촉매 시장은 2022년에 680만 달러로 평가되었고 예측 기간 동안 복합 연간 성장률(CAGR) 45.5%로 성장할 전망이며 2030년에는 1억 3,660만 달러에 달할 것으로 예측됩니다.
특히 산업화가 급속히 진행되고 있는 국가에서는 상업용 및 산업용 냉각 솔루션에 대한 수요가 증가하고 있으며 예측 기간 동안 암모니아 분해 촉매 수요를 촉진할 것으로 보입니다. 암모니아는 현대 산업용 냉동 시스템에서 가장 많이 사용되는 냉매 중 하나입니다.
세계 암모니아 분해 촉매 시장의 장기 성장 가능성은 대부분의 암모니아 생산 플랜트의 상업적 수익성 저하에 의해 억제됩니다. 새로 계획된 프로젝트의 대부분이 채산에 맞지 않기 때문에 암모니아 생산 능력은 거의 가동되지 않습니다. 업계 내 수익성 위기를 해결하지 않는 한 시장이 장기적으로 안정적인 성장을 이룰 가능성은 낮습니다.
역학
연료원으로서 수소 채용 증가
최근 몇 년간 탈탄소화를 향한 세계 동향을 볼 수 있는 것, 화석연료가 여전히 1차 정보임에 변함이 없습니다. 그러나 태양광 발전과 풍력 발전과 같은 완전한 녹색 에너지원의 개발과 수송의 전기화에 따라 중간 연료원의 필요성이 발생하고 있습니다. 따라서 각국 정부는 자동차 및 에너지 생산의 연료원으로 수소를 이용하는 움직임을 강화하고 있습니다.
국제에너지기구(IEA)는 2022년 세계 수소 수요는 9,400만톤으로 증가하고, 수요 증가에 대응하기 위해서는 2050년까지 새로운 제조,저장시스템에 1조2,000억 달러 가까운 투자 필요하다고 추정합니다. 그린 수소는 진보하고 있지만, 암모니아는 여전히 수소의 대량 생산을위한 유일한 상업적으로 실행 가능한 방법입니다.
음식 안보의 중요성 증가
세계 인구의 급속한 증가로 인해 특히 인구 증가율이 가장 높은 개발도상국과 저개발국에서는 식량안보 개선의 필요성이 급격히 폐쇄되고 있습니다. 유엔(UN)은 22년의 세계 인구를 약 80억명으로 추계하고 있으며, 2010년부터 10억명 가까이 증가하고 있습니다. 세계 농업 부문은 또한 비정상적인 기상과 사막화와 같은 과제에 직면하고 있습니다.
세계 암모니아 생산량의 70% 이상이 용액과 소금의 형태로 화학 비료를 생산하는 데 사용됩니다. 유기농업을 중시하는 동향에도 불구하고 화학비료는 자본 집약적인 방법을 필요로 하지 않고 농업생산을 대폭 개선하는 가장 경제적인 방법임에 변함이 없습니다.
상업적 촉매 생산의 높은 비용
수소 수요가 증가하고 있음에도 불구하고 다양한 특수 촉매의 상업 생산 비용이 높기 때문에 시장 성장은 제약을 받을 가능성이 높습니다. 니켈(Ni) 기반 촉매는 주로 비용이 많이 들고 탄소가 더러워지기 쉽기 때문에 점차 사용되지 않습니다. 철(Fe) 기반 촉매는 수명이 길기 때문에 점점 선호되고 있습니다.
그러나, 철(Fe)계 촉매의 대량 채용은 생산량이 한정되어 있기 때문에 아직 제약이 있습니다. 새로운 생산 설비가 가동될 때까지 암모니아로부터 수소와 질소를 상업적으로 생산하기 위해서는 철계 촉매가 계속해서 바람직한 옵션이 될 것으로 보입니다.
Overview
Global Ammonia Cracking Catalysts Market reached US$ 6.8 million in 2022 and is expected to reach US$ 136.6 million by 2030, growing with a CAGR of 45.5% during the forecast period 2023-2030.
The growing demand for commercial and industrial cooling solutions, especially in rapidly industrializing countries, will propel the demand for ammonia cracking catalysts during the forecast period. Ammonia is one of the most used refrigerants for modern industrial refrigeration systems.
The long term growth potential for the global ammonia cracking catalysts market is hobbled by the declining commercial profitability of most ammonia production plants. Given the unviability of most new planned projects, very few new ammonia production capacity has come online. Without resolving the profitability crisis within the industry, the market is unlikely to have stable long term growth.
Dynamics
Increasing Adoption of Hydrogen as a Fuel Source
Although there has been a global trend towards decarbonization over the past few years, fossil fuels still remain the primary energy sources. However, along with developing completely green energy sources such as solar and wind power as well moving towards electrification of transportation, there has arisen a need for an intermediate fuel source. Therefore, governments are increasingly moving towards the utilization of hydrogen as a fuel source for vehicles and for energy production.
The international energy agency (IEA) estimated that global hydrogen demand increased to 94 million tonnes in 2022 and to keep pace with increasing demand nearly US$ 1.2 trillion of investment is required in new production and storage systems by 2050. Although green hydrogen has been making advances, ammonia remains the only commercially viable method for mass production of hydrogen.
Increasing Emphasis on Food Security
A rapid growth in the global population has sharply put into focus the need for improved food security, especially in developing and underdeveloped nations, where the population growth is the highest. The United Nations (UN) has estimated the global population at around 8.0 billion in 2o22, representing an increase of nearly 1 billion since 2010. The global agricultural sector is also experiencing challenges such as the rise of extreme weather events and desertification.
More than 70% of global ammonia production is used for making chemical fertilizers in the form of solutions or salts. Despite trends placing greater emphasis on organic farming, chemical fertilizers remain the most economical method of vastly improving agricultural production without the need for capital intensive methods.
High Cost of Commercial Catalyst Production
Despite growing demand for hydrogen, the market growth is likely to be constrained by the high cost of commercial production of various special catalysts. Nickel (Ni)-based catalysts are gradually being abandoned, mainly due to their high costs and susceptibility to carbon fouling. Iron (Fe)-based catalysts are being increasingly preferred due to their longevity.
However, the mass adoption of Iron (Fe)-based catalysts is still constrained by limited production. Until new production capacity comes online, Fe-based catalysts will continue to remain the preferred choice for commercial production of hydrogen and nitrogen from ammonia.
The global ammonia cracking catalysts market is segmented based on type, application and region.
Nickel (Ni)-based Catalysts Continue to Account for a Significant Market Share
Although precious metal catalysts such as those derived from ruthenium and cobalt are more effective in cracking ammonia between 350 °C and 500 °C, nickel-based catalysts are mostly preferred since they are more economical, thus making commercial production more feasible. However, research is gradually moving towards developing and commercializing new catalysts.
For instance, a new series of imide-based catalysts are currently under study, which can 400 °C to 550 °C. Imide-based catalysts also behave atypically as compared to other traditional catalysts and scientists hope to utilize it for mass producing hydrogen for fuel cell-based transportation solutions. Over the forecast period, nickel-based catalysts are likely to lose their market share.
With Numerous New Hydrogen Projects, North America Gains Highest Share
North America is forecasted to have the highest share within the global ammonia cracking catalysts market since it has the some of the largest commercial hydrogen production projects currently under construction. It is part of an overarching aim of the U.S. government to ensure long term energy independence. According to the U.S. government's energy information administration (EIA), the country produces more than 10 million tonnes of hydrogen annually.
The U.S. government has increased capital investments in to spur hydrogen production. For instance, in October 2023, the government allocated US$ 7 billion for the development of seven new hydrogen production and storage hubs across the country. The government hopes that capital spending will eventually lead to an increase in private sector investment, thus propelling the growth of hydrogen production.
An unexpected challenge for the global ammonia cracking catalysts market emerged during the early stage of the COVID-19 pandemic with a crash in global crude oil prices. As demand from aviation and road transportation sector fell dramatically, it led to a collapse in global crude oil prices. Such a crash temporarily rendered hydrogen uncompetitive, thereby reducing demand for ammonia cracking catalysts.
The economic uncertainty during the course of the pandemic also created many problems for companies looking to enter into hydrogen production. It led to the delay or outright cancellation of various projects. The overall situation has markedly improved in the post-pandemic period and the industry is witnessing a growth in new investments.
The Russia-Ukraine war has led to near irreversible changes to the energy landscape of Europe. Although the short-term volatility in global energy markets caused by the war has eased, it created major disruptions in natural gas supplies to Europe. European nations have used the crisis to sever their dependence on Russian energy imports.
Such a policy will have major future implications for the ammonia cracking catalyst market. Many countries in the European Union (EU) are racing to build new hydrogen production and storage infrastructure. In Russia, western sanctions have led to an exodus of capital and technology in the sector, drastically reducing demand for ammonia cracking catalysts.
The major global players in the market include Johnson Matthey, Clariant, Heraeus Group, Dorf Ketal, Acta S.p.A, Topsoe, Casale SA, UNICAT Catalyst Technologies, Granus LLC and Shandong Avant New Material Technology Co., Ltd.
The global ammonia cracking catalysts market report would provide approximately 50 tables, 43 figures and 181 Pages.
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