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중국의 자율주행 도메인 컨트롤러 및 센트럴 컴퓨팅 유닛(CCU) 산업(2025년)
Autonomous Driving Domain Controller and Central Computing Unit (CCU) Industry Report, 2025
상품코드 : 1845357
리서치사 : ResearchInChina
발행일 : 2025년 09월
페이지 정보 : 영문 650 Pages
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한글목차

L2.5가 승용차 보급형 표준 기능으로 점차 L2를 대체하여 자율주행 도메인 컨트롤러 수요를 크게 증가시킬 것입니다.

L2.5는 승용차의 보급형 표준 기능으로 점차 L2를 대체하고 있습니다. 중국의 승용차의 첨단 지능형 운전 보급률이 급증하여 '보편적 지능형 운전'의 시대로 접어들게 될 것입니다. 또한 일부 OEM은 L2.5 미만의 신차 모델 개발을 축소하거나 중단할 것을 제안하여 고속도로 NOA가 점차적으로 신차의 엔트리 레벨 표준 구성이 될 것을 촉구하고 있습니다. L2.5 지능형 주행의 보급률은 2030년 35.6%로 2024년의 10배에 달할 것으로 예측됩니다.

OEM 시장에서 L2.5 고속도로 NOA의 보급률이 급증하면서 자율주행 도메인 컨트롤러에 대한 수요가 급증하고 있습니다. ResearchInChina의 통계에 따르면, 2025년 1월부터 6월까지 중국에서는 승용차(수출입 제외)에 252만 6,000 세트의 자율주행 도메인 컨트롤러가 표준 구성으로 사전 설치되었습니다. 2023년 이후, 자율주행 도메인 컨트롤러의 보급률은 매달 상승하고 있습니다. 2025년 6월, 자율주행 도메인 컨트롤러 보급률이 처음으로 30%를 넘어 30.81%(전년 동기 17.43%)에 달했습니다.

OEM 업체들은 '하드웨어 통합, 소프트웨어 계층화 개발' 모델을 채택하여 지능형 주행 시스템의 보급률을 빠르게 높이고 있습니다.

지능형 주행 시스템과 관련하여 OEM은 여러 Tier 1 공급업체와 협력하여 하드웨어 및 소프트웨어 구성에 따라 지능형 주행 솔루션을 다양한 유형으로 분류하고 있습니다. 예를 들어, BYD의 God's Eye, Geely의 G-Pilot, Chery의 Falcon Pilot, GAC의 ADiGO 등이 있습니다. 하드웨어 통합, 계층화된 소프트웨어 개발이라는 모델을 통해 이러한 솔루션은 다양한 가격대의 모든 모델을 커버하고 다양한 사용자의 차별화된 요구를 충족시킵니다.

SAIC IM은 L2/L3/L4 지능형 주행 통합 기술 루트를 출시했습니다. 재사용성이 높은 하드웨어와 소프트웨어, 그리고 단계적 기능 업그레이드를 통해 R&D 비용을 절감하고 구현 속도를 높입니다. 자율주행 도메인 컨트롤러의 경우, 고성능 고연산 칩과 비용 효율적인 국산 칩을 포괄하며, 플랫폼 전략은 2025-2027년 및 그 이후의 제품 수요를 충족시킬 수 있습니다.

L2: 현재 7V/11V+1R(1L)+12USS+DMS의 전 범위를 커버하고 있습니다. 2025년, 집에서 목적지까지 이동하는 동안 빈번한 인수인계가 필요 없는'Door to Door'지능형 드라이브 시대에 공식적으로 진입할 것입니다. 2025-2027년, 인수율은 '10배에서 100배'로 단계적으로 상승합니다.

L3: 520채널 LiDAR를 탑재하고 12V+5R+1L+12USS+1DMS로 업그레이드하여 전방 인식 성능과 이중화 성능을 높일 계획입니다. 2025년 90%에 가까운 양산 수준에 도달하고, 2026년 정식 양산이 가능해집니다. 중요 안전 지표(XP 이벤트)는 "1만 시간당 1회 미만"으로 제어되며, 온로드에서 엄격한 사용 안전 요구 사항을 충족합니다.

L4: 인식 중복성을 더욱 강화하여 12V+5R+4L+12USS+4DMS를 채택하여 전방위 일반 장애물 인식과 360° 중복성 커버를 실현합니다. IM Motors와 SAIC AI LAB은 IM의 양산 모델과 아키텍처를 기반으로 3세대 Robotaxi를 개발하여 다양한 단계의 도로 테스트, 실증 적용, 실증 운전의 라이선스를 취득하고 있습니다. 2025년 L4 지능형 주행의 총 테스트 주행거리가 600만km를 돌파하고, 2027년 1,000만km를 돌파하여 자율주행 모빌리티의 상용화를 가속화할 것입니다.

중국의 자율주행 도메인 컨트롤러 중앙컴퓨팅 유닛(CCU) 산업에 대해 조사 분석했으며, 시장 규모와 보급률 예측, 국내외 벤더, 각 기업의 솔루션 등의 정보를 전해드립니다.

목차

제1장 자율주행 도메인 컨트롤러와 센트럴 컴퓨팅 유닛(CCU) 정의와 시장 분석

제2장 Tier 1과 OEM의 자율주행 도메인 컨트롤러와 CCU 요약

제3장 중국과 국외 OEM의 자율주행 도메인 컨트롤러 솔루션

제4장 국외 칩 플랫폼에 근거한 자율주행 도메인 컨트롤러 솔루션

제5장 중국 칩 플랫폼에 근거한 자율주행 도메인 컨트롤러 솔루션

제6장 중국의 자율주행 도메인 컨트롤러 벤더

제7장 국외 자율주행 도메인 컨트롤러 벤더

LSH
영문 목차

영문목차

Research on Autonomous Driving Domain Controllers: Monthly Penetration Rate Exceeded 30% for the First Time, and 700T+ Ultrahigh-compute Domain Controller Products Are Rapidly Installed in Vehicles

L2.5 Gradually Replaces L2 as the Entry-Level Standard Feature for Passenger Cars, Giving A Big Boost to Demand for Autonomous Driving Domain Controllers

L2.5 is gradually replacing L2 as an entry-level standard feature for passenger cars. The penetration rate of high-level intelligent driving in passenger cars in China will surge, entering the era of "universal intelligent driving". Moreover, some OEMs have proposed to reduce or stop developing new vehicle models below L2.5, promoting highway NOA to gradually become an entry-level standard configuration for new vehicles. We predict that the penetration rate of L2.5 intelligent driving will hit 35.6% in 2030, which will be 10 times that of 2024.

Thanks to the surging penetration rate of L2.5 highway NOA in the OEM market, the demand for Autonomous Driving Domain Controllers has boomed. According to statistics from ResearchInChina, from January to June 2025, 2.526 million sets of Autonomous Driving Domain Controllers were installed in passenger cars (excluding imports and exports) as a pre-installed standard configuration in China. Since 2023, the penetration rate of Autonomous Driving Domain Controllers has increased month by month. In June 2025, the penetration rate of Autonomous Driving Domain Controllers exceeded 30% for the first time, reaching 30.81%, compared with only 17.43% in the same period last year.

OEMs Adopt the "Hardware Unification, Layered Software Development" Model to Rapidly Boost the Penetration Rate of Intelligent Driving Systems.

In terms of intelligent driving systems, OEMs cooperate with multiple Tier 1 suppliers and divide intelligent driving solutions into different types according to the configuration of hardware and software. Examples include BYD's "God's Eye", Geely's "G-Pilot", Chery's "Falcon Pilot", and GAC's "ADiGO". Through the model of hardware unification and layered software development, these solutions cover all their models of different price ranges, meeting the differentiated needs of different users.

SAIC IM has launched a L2/L3/L4 intelligent driving integrated technology route. Through "highly reusable hardware and software and incremental function upgrades", it reduces R&D costs and quickens the pace of implementation. With regard to Autonomous Driving Domain Controllers, it will cover high-performance high-compute chips and cost-effective domestic chips, and its platform strategy will meet the product needs from 2025 to 2027 and beyond:

L2: Currently, it has achieved the full coverage of 7V/11V + 1R (1L) + 12 USS + DMS; in 2025, it will officially enter the "Door-to-Door" intelligent driving era, with no frequent takeovers required throughout the journey from home to destination; from 2025 to 2027, the takeover rate will achieve a step-by-step increase from "10 times to 100 times".

L3: It plans to install 520-channel LiDARs, and upgrades to 12V + 5R + 1L + 12USS + 1DMS to enhance front perception performance and redundancy. In 2025, it will reach a mass production level of nearly 90%, and in 2026, it will officially become production-ready. The key safety indicator (XP event) will be controlled at "less than 1 time per 10,000 hours" to meet strict on-road use safety requirements.

L4: It will further strengthen perception redundancy, and adopt 12V + 5R + 4L + 12USS + 4DMS to achieve all-directional general obstacle perception and 360° redundancy coverage. IM Motors and SAIC AI LAB have developed the 3rd-generation Robotaxi based on IM's mass-produced models and architecture, and have obtained licenses for road test, demonstration application and demonstration operation at various stages; in 2025, the total test mileage of L4 intelligent driving will exceed 6 million kilometers, and 10 million kilometers in 2027, accelerating the commercial implementation of autonomous mobility.

L3/L4 Autonomous Driving Domain Controllers Develop Rapidly and Will Be Deployed in Vehicles in 2025.

The mass-produced solutions of OEM intelligent driving systems for passenger cars in the Chinese market (excluding imports and exports) have gradually shifted from L2 to L2.5 and L2.9. Meanwhile, the industry is promoting the mass production and implementation of higher-level intelligent driving assistance vehicles on a large scale. In September 2025, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of China announced the L3 intelligent connected vehicle access pilot list (first batch), with 7 automakers including Changan, BYD, GAC, SAIC, BAIC BluePark, FAW, and NIO on the list. This means that from the fourth quarter of 2025, passenger cars with L3 intelligent driving will be mass-produced and launched.

In addition to the pilot "consortium" list, the announcement also disclosed the specific information of the first batch of vehicle models that have obtained L3 intelligent driving access by July 2025, and major automakers have launched their "flagship products".

L4 Autonomous Driving Domain Controllers and Robotaxis installed are also being deployed. Currently, Lenovo Vehicle Computing has taken the lead in completing the mass production and implementation of Autonomous Driving Domain Controller projects based on the NVIDIA DRIVE AGX Thor platform. Among them, the L4 Autonomous Driving Domain Controller AD1 is based on the dual DRIVE Thor-X platform, with AI compute of 2000 TOPS. Its inference speed is 9 times faster than that of the previous generation, and its high bandwidth accelerates the processing of large language models. It also adopts a high-density blade array design, with an 8-fold increase in cooling area, providing a strong and solid computing foundation for complex intelligent driving scenarios.

WeRide has built the HPC 3.0 platform based on Lenovo AD1. It is trained on the NVIDIA DGX accelerated computing platform, adopts a dual-core NVIDIA DRIVE AGX Thor configuration and runs the safety-certified DriveOS, providing 2000 TOPS of AI computing power, making it a world's leading automotive-grade computing platform.

The mass production price is only a quarter of the previous generation, helping to reduce the cost of new-generation intelligent driving kits by nearly 50%.

It highly integrates functional modules such as Ethernet gateway, CAN gateway, inertial navigation positioning, and collision detection, lowering mass production costs and after-sales maintenance costs simultaneously. The total cost of ownership (TCO) of the platform is reduced by 84% compared with the previous generation.

It has passed multiple automotive certifications such as AEC-Q100, ISO 26262, and IATF 16949, and adopts a multi-redundancy design to meet ASIL-D level safety requirements. Its failure rate is lower than 50 FIT, MTBF is as high as 120,000-180,000 hours, and the design life is 10 years or 300,000 kilometers.

It is suitable for extreme environments (-40°C to 85°C), has passed full-scenario tests such as high-temperature aging, mechanical shock, and salt spray corrosion, and complies with global VOCs environmental protection standards, making it widely deployed in international markets such as the Middle East, Southeast Asia, and Europe.

AD1 has been installed in WeRide's flagship Robotaxi GXR, realizing the global debut and mass production of NVIDIA Drive Thor.

Pony.ai's L4 autonomous driving domain controller is independently developed based on 4 NVIDIA DRIVE Orin-X chips, with a computing power of 1016 TOPS and a design life of 10 years or 600,000 kilometers, providing a high-performance, automotive-grade, and high-safety computing base for Robotaxis.

700T+ Ultrahigh-compute Domain Controllers Have Begun to Be Installed in Vehicles and Adapt to VLA/World Models.

In terms of selection of main control SoCs for Autonomous Driving Domain Controllers, ultrahigh-compute domain controllers have started to be installed in vehicles. Typical chips include NVIDIA DRIVE Thor Series (700~1000 TOPS), Horizon Journey 6P (560 TOPS), and Huixi Technology's Guangzhi R1 (500 TOPS).

Desay SV's high-performance Autonomous Driving Domain Controller IPU14 is equipped with NVIDIA Thor, a chip with the highest computing power in the world, supporting L3 conditional intelligent driving and L4 intelligent driving in some scenarios. It is also Desay SV's high-end product for overseas markets. It will be mass-produced and installed in GAC Hyptec L4 models within 2025. In addition, this product has been designated by multiple automakers.

In August 2025, EXEED, a brand under Chery, launched EXEED ET5, a model equipped with the Falcon 700 driving assistance system. It is the world's first to be equipped with Horizon's J6P flagship chip and Horizon SuperDrive (HSD) system (built based on Horizon's high-compute flagship chip Journey 6P and a one-model end-to-end architecture). It will be mass-produced and launched on market in November 2025.

In addition, NIO's self-developed Shenji NX9031 (1000 TOPS) was officially mass-produced and installed with the delivery of the NIO ET9 in April 2025. It is also equipped with the self-developed vehicle full-domain operating system SkyOS, and will be available to the new models ET5, ET5T, ES6, and EC6 later. Xpeng' Turing AI chip (750 TOPS) has also been installed in the XPeng G7 Ultra. The car is equipped with 3 Turing AI chips, with computing power of over 2200 TOPS and 216GB RAM (each Turing AI chip with 64GB, totaling 192GB, and the 8295 chip with 24GB), bringing the industry's first L3 computing platform.

The XPeng G7 Ultra is equipped with 3 Turing AI chips, of which 2 run a VLA model (VLA-OL with independent reinforcement learning capabilities, responsible for motion control and real-time decision, requiring a frame rate of >=20fps), and the other runs a VLM (processing environmental perception and semantic understanding, e.g., road sign recognition and instruction parsing, requiring a frame rate of 1-2fps). The Turing chips communicate via PCIe, and simulate the "human brain partitioned collaboration" model (VLA is the brain motor area, and VLM is the brain cognitive area).

Typical Performance of Turing AI Chip:

Single-chip computing power of 750 TOPS, equivalent to three NVIDIA Orin-X chips;

Customized for AI foundation models, integrate 2 self-developed neural processing units (NPU) and 2 independent image signal processors (ISP), and adopt DSA (Domain-Specific Architecture) for neural networks;

Equipped with a 40-core processor, provide strong computing support for large models and support the operation of large models with relatively high parameters at the local end;

An independent safety island is set up for real-time blind-spot-free safety detection for vehicles.

Table of Contents

1 Definition of Autonomous Driving Domain Controllers and Central Computing Unit (CCU) and Market Analysis

2 Summary of Autonomous Driving Domain Controllers and CCU of Tier1s and OEMs

3 Autonomous Driving Domain Controller Solutions of Chinese and Foreign OEMs

4 Autonomous Driving Domain Controller Solutions Based on Foreign Chip Platforms

5 Autonomous Driving Domain Controller Solutions Based on Chinese Chip Platforms

6 Chinese Autonomous Driving Domain Controller Vendors

7 Foreign Autonomous Driving Domain Controller Vendors

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