보디(존) 도메인 컨트롤러 및 칩 산업(2025년)
Body (Zone) Domain Controller and Chip Industry Research Report,2025
상품코드 : 1777117
리서치사 : ResearchInChina
발행일 : 2025년 07월
페이지 정보 : 영문 649 Pages
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한글목차

2024년, 중국의 승용차 시장에서 보디(존)(기존 BCM, BDC, ZCU 포함) 도메인 시장 규모는 156억 2,000만 위안을 넘을 전망입니다. 그 중에서 2024년, ZCU의 보급률은 8.83%에 달하며, 탑재수는 200만 대를 넘어 시장 규모는 39억 3,000만 위안에 달합니다. 향후 ZCU는 최대 시장 성장 촉진요인이 될 것으로 보입니다.

차량 전체의 비용 절감과 효율화, 자동차 지능화 추세에 따라 구역 제어기는 필연적인 추세로 자리 잡고 있습니다. 존 컨트롤러의 주요 개발 방향은 다음과 같습니다.

동향1: MCU리스 기술

하드웨어 통합: 분산된 로엔드 MCU를 멀티코어 고성능 MCU로 대체합니다. 단일 멀티코어 MCU의 비용은 다중 로우엔드 MCU의 비용보다 40% 저렴합니다. 예를 들어 Marelli/Texas Instruments/STMicroelectronics의 MCU Less 지능형 드라이버는 헤드라이트 제어 소프트웨어를 도메인 컨트롤러로 완전히 전환하고 동적 조명 장면의 OTA 업데이트를 지원합니다. 지원합니다.

전력 소비 감소: 통합 설계로 중복 회로를 줄여 전력 소비를 20% 절감합니다.

소프트웨어 정의: SOA 기술은 중앙 HPC가 원자 서비스를 동적으로 스케줄링하여 로컬 MCU에 대한 의존도를 줄이고 OTA 시스템 업그레이드를 지원합니다.

동향 2 : 엣지 AI 컴퓨팅

엣지 컴퓨팅: 존 컨트롤러의 메인 제어 MCU에 AI 가속 코어(ARM CMSIS-NN 등)를 탑재하여 로칼라이즈된 이미지 인식 및 의사결정을 실현합니다.

동향 3: SmartFET 등 스마트 파워 디바이스

기능 통합: 기존 MOSFET을 대체하고, 과전류/과열 보호 및 전류 모니터링을 통합하여 ZCU의 전력 관리(LED 조명, 모터 제어 등)에 사용합니다.

전류 적응: 돌입전류(전구), 플라이백 전압(모터), 정확한 전류 감지(LED)의 3가지 부하를 지원합니다.

동향 4: 실시간 성능과 안전 리던던던시

크로스 도메인 스케줄링에는 마이크로초 수준의 응답이 필요하며, AUTOSAR Adaptive/Classic 듀얼 스택을 지원합니다.

멀티코어 MCU는 ISO 26262 ASIL-D 인증을 충족해야 하며, 하드웨어의 이중화 설계는 비용을 증가시킨다(예: 락스텝 코어 기술 등).

동향 5: 플러그 앤 플레이, ZCU 모듈화, ZCU 모듈화

존 컨트롤러의 '하드웨어 추상화 계층'을 통해 '한 세트의 소프트웨어가 모든 차종에 적응'할 수 있으며, 존 컨트롤러는 '플러그 앤 플레이' 모듈이 되어 차량 모델 개발 주기를 12개월로 단축할 수 있습니다.

Infineon과 Flextronics(Flex)는 협력하여 최적화된 배전, 게이트웨이, 모터 제어 등 일련의 솔루션을 갖춘 모듈식 구역 제어 플랫폼 출시를 계획하고 있습니다.

Plug & Play는 중앙 처리 모듈과 플러그형 모듈을 포함한 일반적인 모듈식 플러그형 영역 최적화 컨트롤러입니다. 중앙처리 모듈에는 CPU, CPU로 연결된 저장장치, 여러 개의 슬롯이 포함됩니다. 이 중 하드웨어 식별 기능이 있는 각 슬롯은 플러그형 모듈의 칩 내장 정보와 암호키를 판독하여 식별하고, 부정한 장착 및 접근을 방지할 수 있습니다.

동향 6 : 10BASE-T1S 도입

10M 차내 이더넷은 파워 시스템, 섀시 시스템, 차체 시스템, 오디오 시스템, 초음파 판독기 등 대부분의 차량 기능 시스템에 적용할 수 있습니다. 이 기술이 성숙되면 기존 차량용 CAN 버스 시스템을 대체하여 일부 엣지 MCU의 소멸을 촉진할 것으로 보입니다.

중국의 보디(존) 도메인 컨트롤러·칩 산업에 대해 조사분석했으며, 출하대수와 시장 점유율, OEM ZCU 배포 솔루션, 국내외 솔루션 기업 등의 정보를 제공하고 있습니다.

목차

제1장 ZCU의 정의와 배포

제2장 BDC와 ZCU 출하대수와 시장 점유율

제3장 OEM의 ZCU 배포 솔루션

제4장 ZCU 솔루션과 공급망 분석

제5장 중국의 ZCU 솔루션 기업의 조사

제6장 국외 ZCU 솔루션 기업의 조사

KSA
영문 목차

영문목차

Body (Zone) Domain Research: ZCU Installation Exceeds 2 Million Units, Evolving Towards a "Plug-and-Play" Modular Platform

The body (zone) domain covers BCM (Body Control Module), BDC (Body Domain Controller), and ZCU (Zone Controller). From the perspective of the control systems they manage, the functional integration is becoming increasingly high:

BCM controls body auxiliary electrical appliances such as doors, windows, lights, rearview mirrors, and wipers, and can generally directly drive actuators. The number of BCMs in a vehicle ranges from 1 to 2.

BDC drives lower-level modules, such as lighting modules, door modules, seat modules, thermal management modules, etc. Different manufacturers have different body control strategies, so the functional integration is not completely consistent. Some will integrate functions such as air conditioning thermal management, gateways, TPMS, etc., while others exist in the form of separate body domain controllers and gateways. The number of BDCs in a vehicle varies from 1 to 3.

ZCU is a zone controller divided according to physical location. In addition to body control functions, it can also integrate gateway, power distribution, and some chassis domain and powertrain domain functions across domains, replacing the original ECUs with a single MCU with strong computing power. According to the current plans of various OEMs, the number of ZCUs in a vehicle ranges from 2 to 4.

As a key role in the transformation of automotive electronic and electrical architecture (EEA), ZCU is leading the industry to a new stage of development. It integrates the functions of multiple originally scattered electronic control units (ECUs) and centrally manages and controls related systems according to the physical zones or functional domains of the vehicle.

According to ResearchInChina, in 2024, the market size of the body (zone) (including traditional BCM, BDC, and ZCU) domain in Chinese passenger car market will exceed 15.62 billion yuan. Among them, in 2024, the penetration rate of ZCU has reached 8.83%, with an installation of over 2 million units and a market size of 3.93 billion yuan. In the future, ZCU will become the largest market growth driver.

Under the trends of reducing costs and increasing efficiency of the entire vehicle and automotive intelligence, zone controllers have become an inevitable trend. The main development directions of zone controllers include:

Trend 1: MCU Less Technology

Hardware Integration: Replace scattered low-end MCUs with multi-core high-performance MCUs. The cost of a single multi-core MCU is 40% lower than that of multiple low-end MCUs. For example, the MCU Less intelligent drivers of Marelli/Texas Instruments/STMicroelectronics have completely migrated the headlight control software to the domain controller, supporting OTA updates of dynamic lighting scenes.

Power Consumption Reduction: Integrated design reduces redundant circuits, and energy consumption decreases by 20%.

Software Definition: Dynamically schedule atomic services by the central HPC through the SOA architecture, reducing the dependence on local MCUs and supporting OTA seamless upgrades.

Trend 2: Edge AI Computing

Edge Computing: The main control MCU of the zone controller is equipped with an AI acceleration core (such as ARM CMSIS-NN) to achieve localized image recognition and decision-making.

Trend 3: Smart Power Devices such as SmartFET

Functional Integration: Replace traditional MOSFETs, integrate overcurrent/overheat protection and current monitoring, and be used for power management of ZCU (such as LED lighting, motor control).

Scene Adaptation: Support three types of loads: inrush current (bulbs), flyback voltage (motors), and precise current detection (LEDs).

Trend 4: Real-time Performance and Safety Redundancy

Cross-domain scheduling requires microsecond-level response and supports AUTOSAR Adaptive/Classic dual stacks.

Multi-core MCUs need to meet ISO 26262 ASIL-D certification, and hardware redundancy design increases costs (such as lockstep core technology).

Trend 5: Plug & Play, ZCU Modularization

Through "hardware abstraction layer" of zone controller, "one set of software adapts to all vehicle models" is realized, and the zone controller becomes a "plug-and-play" module, shortening the vehicle model development cycle to 12 months.

Infineon and Flextronics (Flex) cooperate to plan to launch a modular zone controller platform, with a series of solutions such as optimized power distribution, gateway, and motor control.

Plug & Play, a general modular assemblable and pluggable zone optimization controller, including a central processing module and pluggable modules. The central processing module includes a central processing unit, a storage unit connected to the central processing unit, and several slots. Among them, each slot with hardware identification function can identify by reading the built-in information and encryption key of the chip of the pluggable module to prevent illegal installation and access.

Trend 6: Introduction of 10BASE-T1S

10M in-vehicle Ethernet can be applied to most vehicle functional systems such as power systems, chassis systems, body systems, audio systems, and ultrasonic radars. After the technology matures, it will replace the existing vehicle CAN bus system and promote the disappearance of some edge MCUs.

OEMs are gradually forming a vehicle E/E architecture design framework of central computing + zone, continuously reducing the number of ECU controllers, reducing the weight of wiring harnesses, increasing the number of SOA atomized packages, and shortening the OTA function development cycle.

Xiaomi Auto:

The second-generation Xiaomi YU7 model promotes "central computing + zone control", with a four-in-one domain controller (central computing platform ICP), integrating VCCD, ADD, DCD, and T-Box modules, and deeply integrating computing power and communication.

Three zone controls (Z-DCU, front, left, right) realize a 75% reduction in the number of controllers, a 40% reduction in wiring harness length, an 18% reduction in weight, a 57% reduction in space occupancy, an increase of 16km in battery life, OTA during driving through memory partitioning, upgrade time <30 minutes, and 100% service interface compatibility.

XPeng Motors:

The XEEA3.5 architecture promotes "central computing + zone control", and the cockpit-driving integrated computing center XCCP realizes the integration of C-DCU and XPU, including intelligent driving, cockpit, instrument, gateway, IMU, power amplifier, etc.

Two zone controllers (left and right) realize a 50% reduction in hardware quantity and a 30% reduction in wiring harness weight. Based on the SOME/IP protocol, more than 300 atomized services (such as door control, air conditioning adjustment) are encapsulated. SOA serviceization shortens the function development cycle to one month.

Innovation Direction of Body (Zone): 10BASE-T1S

10M in-vehicle Ethernet is 10Base-T1S, also known as the IEEE802.3cg standard. The standard was officially released in early 2020. It is the most important underlying standard for software-defined vehicles and Zone architecture. Its mission is to eliminate the old CAN/LIN bus and also eliminate edge MCUs.

After three or four years of development, the ecological environment of 10M in-vehicle Ethernet has finally matured, enabling the realization of true Zone architecture controllers and software-defined vehicles. The hardware ecological environment mainly includes the physical layer, MCUs, and Ethernet switches, and the software mainly includes small RTOS and virtual machines, as well as the maturity of 10M in-vehicle Ethernet testing and evaluation platforms and native cloud development platforms.

In terms of MCUs, mainstream MCU vendors include NXP, Infineon, Renesas, STMicroelectronics, Texas Instruments, and Microchip. NXP and Texas Instruments have the highest degree of support. The S32K5 released by NXP in March 2025 not only has a built-in 10Base-T1S physical layer but also a built-in Ethernet switch. GreenHills has developed an ASIL-D level RTOS, µ-veloSity, and a μ-Visor virtual machine for the S32K5, and Texas Instruments' AN263P4 is also the same.

In terms of the physical layer, there are currently TJA1410 just released by NXP, LAN8670/1/2 of Microchip, AD3300/01/04/05 and ADIN1100 of ADI, NCN26000 and T2500 of ON Semiconductor, DP83TD510E of Texas Instruments, and CT25203 of a small company Canova.

In terms of switches, mainstream switch manufacturers have fully supported 10Base-T1S since 2021, including Marvell, Realtek, and Broadcom.

10M in-vehicle Ethernet can be applied to most vehicle functional systems such as power systems, chassis systems, body systems, audio systems, and ultrasonic radars. After the technology matures, it will replace the existing vehicle CAN bus system and promote the disappearance of some edge MCUs.

ON Semiconductor's MCU-less solution: Directly connect the domain controller to the reconfigurable control processor RCP chip, and use 10M Ethernet to replace the traditional CAN bus, realizing a flat architecture of "domain controller - 10Base-T1S Ethernet - RCP chip - LED driver". This design first achieves significant optimization at the hardware level: eliminating components such as MCUs, reset circuits, and crystals of a single node. In the 10M in-vehicle Ethernet with a length of up to 25 meters (unshielded twisted pair), up to 8 to 40 nodes can be connected. With PoDL technology, power supply and communication are completed through two wires, reducing the wiring harness cost by more than 50%, and the system complexity is greatly reduced.

In terms of performance improvement, the 10Base-T1S Ethernet has a speed of 10Mbps, which far exceeds the transmission capabilities of high-speed CAN and CAN FD, laying a foundation for high-frequency data interaction. More importantly, the RCP chip integrates gPTP protocol parsing function, which can achieve clock synchronization with nanosecond-level precision, ensuring the coordinated control of the entire vehicle lighting system under complex working conditions.

BMW's MCU-less interior lighting solution: ADI will cooperate with BMW Group and take the lead in adopting ADI's 10BASE-T1S E2B (Ethernet-Edge Bus) technology in automotive industry. BMW Group will be among the first OEMs to apply ADI's E2B technology, which will be used in BMW's future intelligent cockpit ambient lighting systems.

From ADI's 10M in-vehicle Ethernet application cases, 10Base-T1S is mainly targeted at sensors and actuators. In the sensor field, it mainly includes ultrasonic sensors, radars, and MEMS microphones, including hands-free, E-Call, and voice recognition inputs for front and rear rows. In the power transmission field, it includes position, speed, pressure, temperature, acceleration, and Hall sensors. The actuator part includes lighting, such as front headlights, rear taillights, brake lights, turn signals, interior lighting, and rearview mirror LED displays. It also includes various speakers such as door speakers, subwoofers, low-speed reminder sounds for electric vehicles. It also includes various motors such as window motors, rearview mirror motors, wiper motors, and water pump motors.

In the future, body, seat, and lighting systems will be the first to adopt 10BASE-T1S, with BMW and emerging Chinese automakers taking the lead.

Innovation Direction of Body (Zone): Deep Integration of Chassis/Powertrain Functions

Currently, the mainstream zone controller chassis/powertrain function integration solution is central computing platform + zone controller (mainly body functions) + independent chassis/powertrain domain controller. Chassis and powertrain control are still handled by dedicated domain controllers, and the zone controller only provides local power distribution and data forwarding.

With the increasing degree of integration, chassis and powertrain functions will be split and integrated into the ZCU of physical zone nearby to achieve deep hardware integration. High-level chassis control is completed by the central computing unit or an independent chassis domain controller, and the ZCU is responsible for local execution and signal processing.

In terms of chassis/powertrain control, the core tasks of ZCU include:

Signal Acquisition: Real-time acquisition of sensor data such as wheel speed, steering angle, and suspension displacement.

Instruction Execution: Receive central instructions and drive actuators (such as CDC solenoid valves, air suspension motors).

Power Distribution Management: Dynamically allocate power supply to chassis actuators (such as brake pumps, steering motors) through e-Fuse intelligent fusing.

Tesla ZCU Integrated Chassis/Powertrain Design: Tesla Cybertruck divides the body into multiple physical zones such as the center, front left, front right, and rear. Each zone deploys a Zone Controller, which is responsible for the sensors, actuators, power distribution, and communication management in that zone (such as doors, lights, seats, environmental perception sensors, etc.).

The traditional control logic divided by functional domains (such as powertrain domain, body domain) is partially decoupled. The zone controller undertakes local I/O processing, while high-level decision-making (such as autonomous driving, energy distribution) is still centrally processed by the central computing unit (CCU/HW4.0), forming a hybrid architecture of central decision-making + zone execution.

GAC ZCU Integrated Chassis/Powertrain Design: GAC Hyper GT adopts Continental's cross-domain vehicle control high-performance computing unit Body HPC2.0 (Body HPC), which integrates body control (vehicle entry, door and window control, etc.) + gateway functions (such as access to internal/external lighting, management and diagnostic functions for wireless software updates) + cross-domain vehicle control (such as thermal management, torque management, damping control, adaptive air suspension, chassis tuning, internal combustion engine fuel consumption algorithms based on machine learning and edge computing, etc.).

In addition, the four zone controllers of GAC Hyper GT are responsible for integrating chassis actuators nearby according to physical locations, as well as the power supply of nearby controllers, sensor data acquisition, and control of simple actuators. For example, the rear zone controller integrates functions such as brake-by-wire (EMB), rear-wheel steering (RWS), and active suspension (CDC/air spring) control.

UAES USP 2.0 Platform Goes Deep into the Chassis/Powertrain Field: UAES USP 2.0 is a "central computing + zoning + SOA" solution based on cross-domain integration. Through a zonal architecture, it can integrate nearly 20 independent ECUs, with 951 basic functions, 126 atomic services, and 105 basic services. It can provide 1100+ vehicle APIs, 65 OTA APIs, and 55 AI operators. These APIs and operators can help developers easily implement cross-domain application scenarios of vehicles. Currently, the services that can be called have gone deep into the fields of body control, energy management, motion control, thermal management, etc.

Table of Contents

1 Definition and Deployment of ZCUs

2 Shipments and Market Share of BDCs and ZCUs

3 ZCU Deployment Solution of OEMs

4 ZCU Solutions and Supply Chain Analysis

5 Research on Chinese ZCU Solution Players

6 Research on Feorign ZCU Solution Players

(주)글로벌인포메이션 02-2025-2992 kr-info@giikorea.co.kr
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