모션 컨트롤 시장 규모, 점유율, 동향, 산업 분석 보고서 : 구성요소별, 유형별, 최종 용도별, 지역별 - 시장 예측(2025-2034년)
Motion Control Market Size, Share, Trends, Industry Analysis Report: By Components, By Type, By End Use, and By Region - Market Forecast, 2025-2034
상품코드:1762290
리서치사:Polaris Market Research
발행일:2025년 05월
페이지 정보:영문 125 Pages
라이선스 & 가격 (부가세 별도)
한글목차
Polaris Market Research의 최신 조사에 따르면, 모션 컨트롤 시장 규모는 2034년까지 309억 8,000만 달러에 달할 것으로 예상됩니다. 이 보고서는 현재 시장 역학에 대한 자세한 인사이트와 향후 시장 성장에 대한 분석을 제공합니다.
모션 컨트롤은 기계나 기계 시스템의 움직임을 정확하게 제어하기 위해 사용되는 기술로, 일반적으로 속도, 위치, 위치, 힘을 관리하기 위한 모터, 컨트롤러, 센서가 관여합니다.
모션 컨트롤 시스템은 정확성과 신뢰성이 중요시되는 헬스케어 분야에서 보편화되고 있습니다. 모션 컨트롤 시스템은 수술용 로봇, 영상 처리 장치, 자동화된 실험 장치 등의 의료기기에 사용되고 있습니다. 예를 들어, 로봇 수술 시스템은 매우 정밀하게 움직여야 하는데, 모션 컨트롤 기술이 이를 가능하게 합니다. 모션 컨트롤 시스템은 헬스케어 산업이 더 나은 진단과 치료를 위해 첨단 기술을 지속적으로 도입하고 있는 가운데 중요한 역할을 하고 있습니다. 고령화와 양질의 의료에 대한 수요가 증가함에 따라 의료 서비스 제공자들은 자동화되고 정밀한 의료 솔루션에 대한 투자를 늘리고 있으며, 이는 모션 컨트롤 시장의 성장을 촉진하고 있습니다.
산업계는 에너지 사용량을 줄이고 환경 친화적인 방법을 모색하고 있습니다. 인더스트리 4.0으로도 알려진 스마트 제조는 이를 실현할 수 있는 방법 중 하나입니다. 이는 데이터와 연결된 시스템을 사용하여 생산을 최적화하는 것입니다. 모션 컨트롤 시스템은 이러한 변화의 중심에 있으며, 기계가 보다 효율적으로 작동하고 필요할 때만 에너지를 사용할 수 있도록 합니다. 모션 컨트롤은 센서 및 소프트웨어와 통합하여 공장이 실시간으로 성능을 모니터링하고, 낭비를 줄이고, 에너지 비용을 절감할 수 있도록 도와줍니다. 보다 스마트하고 친환경적인 제조 산업으로의 전환은 최신 모션 컨트롤 솔루션에 대한 수요를 증가시키고 있습니다.
모션 컨트롤 시장 보고서 하이라이트
부품별로는 2024년 전동 드라이브 분야가 모션 컨트롤 시장의 매출 점유율을 차지했습니다. 전기 드라이브는 자동화 시스템에서 모터의 속도, 토크, 방향을 제어하는 필수적인 부품입니다.
최종 용도 기반의 제약 및 화장품 부문은 생산 공정의 정확성, 위생 및 자동화에 대한 수요 증가로 인해 예측 기간 동안 큰 성장을 보일 것으로 예상됩니다.
2024년에는 중국, 일본, 한국 등의 급속한 산업화와 자동화로 인해 아시아태평양이 시장을 장악할 것으로 예상됩니다.
북미는 예측 기간 동안 가장 높은 CAGR을 기록할 것으로 예상됩니다. 이 지역에는 여러 주요 기업들이 진출해 있으며, 항공우주, 자동차, 헬스케어 등의 산업에서 강력한 수요를 보이고 있습니다.
주요 기업으로는 ABB Group, Emerson Electric Co., Estun Automation Co. Ltd, MKS Instruments Inc, Motion Control Products Ltd., Parker Hannifin Co, Rockwell Automation Inc, Schneider Electric, Siemens AG, STMicroelectronics. 등이 있습니다.
목차
제1장 소개
제2장 주요 요약
제3장 조사 방법
제4장 세계 모션 컨트롤 시장 인사이트
시장 현황
모션 컨트롤 시장 역학
성장 촉진요인과 기회
로봇의 도입 확대
반도체·일렉트로닉스 산업 확대
성장 억제요인과 과제
초기 비용이 높은
PESTEL 분석
모션 컨트롤 시장 동향
밸류체인 분석
제5장 세계의 모션 컨트롤 시장 : 구성요소별
주요 조사 결과
소개
모션 컨트롤러
액추에이터와 기계 시스템
전동 구동
AC 모터
소프트웨어
제6장 세계의 모션 컨트롤 시장 : 유형별
주요 조사 결과
소개
오픈 루프
클로즈드 루프
제7장 세계의 모션 컨트롤 시장 : 최종 용도별
주요 조사 결과
소개
항공우주
자동차
반도체
일렉트로닉스
금속 및 기계
식품 및 음료
의료기기
의약품 및 화장품
기타
제8장 세계의 모션 컨트롤 시장 : 지역별
주요 조사 결과
소개
모션 컨트롤 시장 분석 : 지역별, 2020-2034년
북미
북미 : 구성요소별, 2020-2034년
북미 : 유형별, 2020-2034년
북미 : 최종 용도별, 2020-2034년
미국
캐나다
유럽
유럽 : 구성요소별, 2020-2034년
유럽 : 유형별, 2020-2034년
유럽 : 최종 용도별, 2020-2034년
영국
프랑스
독일
이탈리아
스페인
네덜란드
러시아
기타 유럽
아시아태평양
아시아태평양 : 구성요소별, 2020-2034년
아시아태평양 : 유형별, 2020-2034년
아시아태평양 : 최종 용도별, 2020-2034년
중국
인도
말레이시아
일본
인도네시아
한국
호주
기타 아시아태평양
중동 및 아프리카
중동 및 아프리카 : 구성요소별, 2020-2034년
중동 및 아프리카 : 유형별, 2020-2034년
중동 및 아프리카 : 최종 용도별, 2020-2034년
사우디아라비아
아랍에미리트
이스라엘
남아프리카공화국
기타 중동 및 아프리카
라틴아메리카
라틴아메리카 : 구성요소별, 2020-2034년
라틴아메리카 : 유형별, 2020-2034년
라틴아메리카 : 최종 용도별, 2020-2034년
멕시코
브라질
아르헨티나
기타 라틴아메리카
제9장 경쟁 구도
확대와 인수 분석
확대
인수
제휴/협업/합의/공개
제10장 기업 개요
ABB Group
Emerson Electric Co.
Estun Automation Co. Ltd
MKS Instruments Inc
Motion Control Products Ltd.
Parker Hannifin Co
Rockwell Automation Inc
Schneider Electric
Siemens AG
STM Microelectronics
ksm
영문 목차
영문목차
The motion control market size is expected to reach USD 30.98 billion by 2034, according to a new study by Polaris Market Research. The report "Motion Control Market Share, Size, Trends, Industry Analysis Report: By Components (Motion Controller, Actuators & Mechanical Systems, Electric Drives, Electric Drivers, AC Motors, and Software), By Type, By End Use, and By Region; Market Forecast, 2025-2034" gives a detailed insight into current market dynamics and provides analysis on future market growth.
Motion control is a technology used to precisely control the movement of machines or mechanical systems, typically involving motors, controllers, and sensors to manage speed, position, and force.
Motion control systems are becoming more common in healthcare, where precision and reliability are critical. They are used in medical devices such as surgical robots, imaging machines, and automated lab equipment. For example, a robotic surgical system needs to move with extreme accuracy, which is made possible by motion control technology. Motion control systems play a crucial role as the healthcare industry continues to adopt advanced technology for better diagnostics and treatment. The aging population and increased demand for high-quality medical care are pushing healthcare providers to invest more in automated and precise medical solutions, thereby driving the motion control market growth.
Industries are seeking ways to reduce their energy use and become more environmentally friendly. Smart manufacturing, also known as Industry 4.0, is one way to achieve this. It involves using data and connected systems to optimize production. Motion control systems are at the heart of this transformation, enabling machines to operate more efficiently and only use energy when needed. Motion control helps factories monitor performance in real-time, reduce waste, and cut energy costs by integrating with sensors and software. The shift toward smarter, greener manufacturing is driving more demand for modern motion control solutions.
Motion Control Market Report Highlights
By component, in 2024, the electric drives segment dominated the motion control market revenue share. Electric drives are essential components that control the speed, torque, and direction of motors in automated systems.
The pharmaceuticals and cosmetics segment, based on end use, is expected to witness significant growth during the forecast period due to the rising demand for precision, hygiene, and automation in production processes.
In 2024, Asia Pacific dominated the market driven by rapid industrialization and automation across countries such as China, Japan, and South Korea.
North America is expected to record the highest CAGR during the forecast period. The region is home to several key players and sees strong demand from industries such as aerospace, automotive, and healthcare.
A few global key market players are ABB Group, Emerson Electric Co., Estun Automation Co. Ltd, MKS Instruments Inc, Motion Control Products Ltd., Parker Hannifin Co, Rockwell Automation Inc, Schneider Electric, Siemens AG, and STMicroelectronics.
Polaris Market Research has segmented the market report on the basis of component, type, end use, and region:
By Component Outlook (Revenue USD Billion, 2020-2034)
Motion Controller
Actuators & Mechanical Systems
Electric Drives
AC Motors
Software
By Type Outlook (Revenue USD Billion, 2020-2034)
Open Loop
Closed Loop
By End Use Outlook (Revenue USD Billion, 2020-2034)
Aerospace
Automotive
Semiconductor
Electronics
Metal and Machinery
Food and Beverages
Medical Devices
Pharmaceutical and Cosmetics
Others
By Regional Outlook (Revenue USD Billion, 2020-2034)
North America
US
Canada
Europe
Germany
France
UK
Italy
Spain
Netherlands
Russia
Rest of Europe
Asia Pacific
China
Japan
India
Malaysia
South Korea
Indonesia
Australia
Vietnam
Rest of Asia Pacific
Middle East & Africa
Saudi Arabia
UAE
Israel
South Africa
Rest of Middle East & Africa
Latin America
Mexico
Brazil
Argentina
Rest of Latin America
Table of Contents
1. Introduction
1.1. Report Description
1.1.1. Objectives of the Study
1.1.2. Market Scope
1.1.3. Assumptions
1.2. Stakeholders
2. Executive Summary
2.1. Market Highlights
3. Research Methodology
3.1. Overview
3.1.1. Data Mining
3.2. Data Sources
3.2.1. Primary Sources
3.2.2. Secondary Sources
4. Global Motion Control Market Insights
4.1. Motion Control Market - Market Snapshot
4.2. Motion Control Market Dynamics
4.2.1. Drivers and Opportunities
4.2.1.1. Growing Adoption of Robotics
4.2.1.2. Expansion of Semiconductor and Electronics Industry
4.2.2. Restraints and Challenges
4.2.2.1. High Initial Cost
4.3. Porter's Five Forces Analysis
4.3.1. Bargaining Power of Suppliers (Moderate)
4.3.2. Threats of New Entrants: (Low)
4.3.3. Bargaining Power of Buyers (Moderate)
4.3.4. Threat of Substitute (Moderate)
4.3.5. Rivalry among existing firms (High)
4.4. PESTEL Analysis
4.5. Motion Control Market Trends
4.6. Value Chain Analysis
5. Global Motion Control Market, by Component
5.1. Key Findings
5.2. Introduction
5.2.1. Global Motion Control Market, by Component, 2020-2034 (USD billion)
5.3. Motion Controller
5.3.1. Global Motion Control Market, by Motion Controller, by Region, 2020-2034 (USD billion)
5.4. Actuators & Mechanical Systems
5.4.1. Global Motion Control Market, by Actuators & Mechanical Systems, by Region, 2020-2034 (USD billion)
5.5. Electric Drives
5.5.1. Global Motion Control Market, by Electric Drives, by Region, 2020-2034 (USD billion)
5.6. AC Motors
5.6.1. Global Motion Control Market, by AC Motors, by Region, 2020-2034 (USD billion)
5.7. Software
5.7.1. Global Motion Control Market, by Software, by Region, 2020-2034 (USD billion)
6. Global Motion Control Market, by Type
6.1. Key Findings
6.2. Introduction
6.2.1. Global Motion Control Market, by Type, 2020-2034 (USD billion)
6.3. Open Loop
6.3.1. Global Motion Control Market, by Open Loop, by Region, 2020-2034 (USD billion)
6.4. Closed Loop
6.4.1. Global Motion Control Market, by Closed Loop, by Region, 2020-2034 (USD billion)
7. Global Motion Control Market, by End Use
7.1. Key Findings
7.2. Introduction
7.2.1. Global Motion Control Market, by End Use, 2020-2034 (USD billion)
7.3. Aerospace
7.3.1. Global Motion Control Market, by Aerospace, by Region, 2020-2034 (USD billion)
7.4. Automotive
7.4.1. Global Motion Control Market, by Automotive, by Region, 2020-2034 (USD billion)
7.5. Semiconductor
7.5.1. Global Motion Control Market, by Semiconductor, by Region, 2020-2034 (USD billion)
7.6. Electronics
7.6.1. Global Motion Control Market, by Electronics, by Region, 2020-2034 (USD billion)
7.7. Metal and machinery
7.7.1. Global Motion Control Market, by Metal and machinery, by Region, 2020-2034 (USD billion)
7.8. Food and beverages
7.8.1. Global Motion Control Market, by Food and beverages, by Region, 2020-2034 (USD billion)
7.9. Medical devices
7.9.1. Global Motion Control Market, by Medical devices, by Region, 2020-2034 (USD billion)
7.10. Pharmaceutical and cosmetics
7.10.1. Global Motion Control Market, by Pharmaceutical and cosmetics, by Region, 2020-2034 (USD billion)
7.11. Others
7.11.1. Global Motion Control Market, by Others, by Region, 2020-2034 (USD billion)
8. Global Motion Control Market, by Geography
8.1. Key Findings
8.2. Introduction
8.2.1. Motion Control Market Assessment, By Geography, 2020-2034 (USD billion)
8.3. Motion Control Market - North America
8.3.1. North America: Motion Control Market, by Component, 2020-2034 (USD billion)
8.3.2. North America: Motion Control Market, by Type, 2020-2034 (USD billion)
8.3.3. North America: Motion Control Market, by End Use, 2020-2034 (USD billion)
8.3.4. Motion Control Market - U.S.
8.3.4.1. U.S.: Motion Control Market, by Component, 2020-2034 (USD billion)
8.3.4.2. U.S.: Motion Control Market, by Type, 2020-2034 (USD billion)
8.3.4.3. U.S.: Motion Control Market, by End Use, 2020-2034 (USD billion)
8.3.5. Motion Control Market - Canada
8.3.5.1. Canada: Motion Control Market, by Component, 2020-2034 (USD billion)
8.3.5.2. Canada: Motion Control Market, by Type, 2020-2034 (USD billion)
8.3.5.3. Canada: Motion Control Market, by End Use, 2020-2034 (USD billion)
8.4. Motion Control Market - Europe
8.4.1. Europe: Motion Control Market, by Component, 2020-2034 (USD billion)
8.4.2. Europe: Motion Control Market, by Type, 2020-2034 (USD billion)
8.4.3. Europe: Motion Control Market, by End Use, 2020-2034 (USD billion)
8.4.4. Motion Control Market - UK
8.4.4.1. UK: Motion Control Market, by Component, 2020-2034 (USD billion)
8.4.4.2. UK: Motion Control Market, by Type, 2020-2034 (USD billion)
8.4.4.3. UK: Motion Control Market, by End Use, 2020-2034 (USD billion)
8.4.5. Motion Control Market - France
8.4.5.1. France: Motion Control Market, by Component, 2020-2034 (USD billion)
8.4.5.2. France: Motion Control Market, by Type, 2020-2034 (USD billion)
8.4.5.3. France: Motion Control Market, by End Use, 2020-2034 (USD billion)
8.4.6. Motion Control Market - Germany
8.4.6.1. Germany: Motion Control Market, by Component, 2020-2034 (USD billion)
8.4.6.2. Germany: Motion Control Market, by Type, 2020-2034 (USD billion)
8.4.6.3. Germany: Motion Control Market, by End Use, 2020-2034 (USD billion)
8.4.7. Motion Control Market - Italy
8.4.7.1. Italy: Motion Control Market, by Component, 2020-2034 (USD billion)
8.4.7.2. Italy: Motion Control Market, by Type, 2020-2034 (USD billion)
8.4.7.3. Italy: Motion Control Market, by End Use, 2020-2034 (USD billion)
8.4.8. Motion Control Market - Spain
8.4.8.1. Spain: Motion Control Market, by Component, 2020-2034 (USD billion)
8.4.8.2. Spain: Motion Control Market, by Type, 2020-2034 (USD billion)
8.4.8.3. Spain: Motion Control Market, by End Use, 2020-2034 (USD billion)
8.4.9. Motion Control Market - Netherlands
8.4.9.1. Netherlands: Motion Control Market, by Component, 2020-2034 (USD billion)
8.4.9.2. Netherlands: Motion Control Market, by Type, 2020-2034 (USD billion)
8.4.9.3. Netherlands: Motion Control Market, by End Use, 2020-2034 (USD billion)
8.4.10. Motion Control Market - Russia
8.4.10.1. Russia: Motion Control Market, by Component, 2020-2034 (USD billion)
8.4.10.2. Russia: Motion Control Market, by Type, 2020-2034 (USD billion)
8.4.10.3. Russia: Motion Control Market, by End Use, 2020-2034 (USD billion)
8.4.11. Motion Control Market - Rest of Europe
8.4.11.1. Rest of Europe: Motion Control Market, by Component, 2020-2034 (USD billion)
8.4.11.2. Rest of Europe: Motion Control Market, by Type, 2020-2034 (USD billion)
8.4.11.3. Rest of Europe: Motion Control Market, by End Use, 2020-2034 (USD billion)
8.5. Motion Control Market - Asia Pacific
8.5.1. Asia Pacific: Motion Control Market, by Component, 2020-2034 (USD billion)
8.5.2. Asia Pacific: Motion Control Market, by Type, 2020-2034 (USD billion)
8.5.3. Asia Pacific: Motion Control Market, by End Use, 2020-2034 (USD billion)
8.5.4. Motion Control Market - China
8.5.4.1. China: Motion Control Market, by Component, 2020-2034 (USD billion)
8.5.4.2. China: Motion Control Market, by Type, 2020-2034 (USD billion)
8.5.4.3. China: Motion Control Market, by End Use, 2020-2034 (USD billion)
8.5.5. Motion Control Market - India
8.5.5.1. India: Motion Control Market, by Component, 2020-2034 (USD billion)
8.5.5.2. India: Motion Control Market, by Type, 2020-2034 (USD billion)
8.5.5.3. India: Motion Control Market, by End Use, 2020-2034 (USD billion)
8.5.6. Motion Control Market - Malaysia
8.5.6.1. Malaysia: Motion Control Market, by Component, 2020-2034 (USD billion)
8.5.6.2. Malaysia: Motion Control Market, by Type, 2020-2034 (USD billion)
8.5.6.3. Malaysia: Motion Control Market, by End Use, 2020-2034 (USD billion)
8.5.7. Motion Control Market - Japan
8.5.7.1. Japan: Motion Control Market, by Component, 2020-2034 (USD billion)
8.5.7.2. Japan: Motion Control Market, by Type, 2020-2034 (USD billion)
8.5.7.3. Japan: Motion Control Market, by End Use, 2020-2034 (USD billion)
8.5.8. Motion Control Market - Indonesia
8.5.8.1. Indonesia: Motion Control Market, by Component, 2020-2034 (USD billion)
8.5.8.2. Indonesia: Motion Control Market, by Type, 2020-2034 (USD billion)
8.5.8.3. Indonesia: Motion Control Market, by End Use, 2020-2034 (USD billion)
8.5.9. Motion Control Market - South Korea
8.5.9.1. South Korea: Motion Control Market, by Component, 2020-2034 (USD billion)
8.5.9.2. South Korea: Motion Control Market, by Type, 2020-2034 (USD billion)
8.5.9.3. South Korea: Motion Control Market, by End Use, 2020-2034 (USD billion)
8.5.10. Motion Control Market - Australia
8.5.10.1. Australia: Motion Control Market, by Component, 2020-2034 (USD billion)
8.5.10.2. Australia: Motion Control Market, by Type, 2020-2034 (USD billion)
8.5.10.3. Australia: Motion Control Market, by End Use, 2020-2034 (USD billion)
8.5.11. Motion Control Market - Rest of Asia Pacific
8.5.11.1. Rest of Asia Pacific: Motion Control Market, by Component, 2020-2034 (USD billion)
8.5.11.2. Rest of Asia Pacific: Motion Control Market, by Type, 2020-2034 (USD billion)
8.5.11.3. Rest of Asia Pacific: Motion Control Market, by End Use, 2020-2034 (USD billion)
8.6. Motion Control Market - Middle East & Africa
8.6.1. Middle East & Africa: Motion Control Market, by Component, 2020-2034 (USD billion)
8.6.2. Middle East & Africa: Motion Control Market, by Type, 2020-2034 (USD billion)
8.6.3. Middle East & Africa: Motion Control Market, by End Use, 2020-2034 (USD billion)
8.6.4. Motion Control Market - Saudi Arabia
8.6.4.1. Saudi Arabia: Motion Control Market, by Component, 2020-2034 (USD billion)
8.6.4.2. Saudi Arabia: Motion Control Market, by Type, 2020-2034 (USD billion)
8.6.4.3. Saudi Arabia: Motion Control Market, by End Use, 2020-2034 (USD billion)
8.6.5. Motion Control Market - UAE
8.6.5.1. UAE: Motion Control Market, by Component, 2020-2034 (USD billion)
8.6.5.2. UAE: Motion Control Market, by Type, 2020-2034 (USD billion)
8.6.5.3. UAE: Motion Control Market, by End Use, 2020-2034 (USD billion)
8.6.6. Motion Control Market - Israel
8.6.6.1. Israel: Motion Control Market, by Component, 2020-2034 (USD billion)
8.6.6.2. Israel: Motion Control Market, by Type, 2020-2034 (USD billion)
8.6.6.3. Israel: Motion Control Market, by End Use, 2020-2034 (USD billion)
8.6.7. Motion Control Market - South Africa
8.6.7.1. South Africa: Motion Control Market, by Component, 2020-2034 (USD billion)
8.6.7.2. South Africa: Motion Control Market, by Type, 2020-2034 (USD billion)
8.6.7.3. South Africa: Motion Control Market, by End Use, 2020-2034 (USD billion)
8.6.8. Motion Control Market - Rest of Middle East & Africa
8.6.8.1. Rest of Middle East & Africa: Motion Control Market, by Component, 2020-2034 (USD billion)
8.6.8.2. Rest of Middle East & Africa: Motion Control Market, by Type, 2020-2034 (USD billion)
8.6.8.3. Rest of Middle East & Africa: Motion Control Market, by End Use, 2020-2034 (USD billion)
8.7. Motion Control Market - Latin America
8.7.1. Latin America: Motion Control Market, by Component, 2020-2034 (USD billion)
8.7.2. Latin America: Motion Control Market, by Type, 2020-2034 (USD billion)
8.7.3. Latin America: Motion Control Market, by End Use, 2020-2034 (USD billion)
8.7.4. Motion Control Market - Mexico
8.7.4.1. Mexico: Motion Control Market, by Component, 2020-2034 (USD billion)
8.7.4.2. Mexico: Motion Control Market, by Type, 2020-2034 (USD billion)
8.7.4.3. Mexico: Motion Control Market, by End Use, 2020-2034 (USD billion)
8.7.5. Motion Control Market - Brazil
8.7.5.1. Brazil: Motion Control Market, by Component, 2020-2034 (USD billion)
8.7.5.2. Brazil: Motion Control Market, by Type, 2020-2034 (USD billion)
8.7.5.3. Brazil: Motion Control Market, by End Use, 2020-2034 (USD billion)
8.7.6. Motion Control Market - Argentina
8.7.6.1. Argentina: Motion Control Market, by Component, 2020-2034 (USD billion)
8.7.6.2. Argentina: Motion Control Market, by Type, 2020-2034 (USD billion)
8.7.6.3. Argentina: Motion Control Market, by End Use, 2020-2034 (USD billion)
8.7.7. Motion Control Market - Rest of Latin America
8.7.7.1. Rest of Latin America: Motion Control Market, by Component, 2020-2034 (USD billion)
8.7.7.2. Rest of Latin America: Motion Control Market, by Type, 2020-2034 (USD billion)
8.7.7.3. Rest of Latin America: Motion Control Market, by End Use, 2020-2034 (USD billion)