석재 바닥재 시장 규모, 점유율, 동향, 산업 분석 보고서 : 유형별, 완제품별, 용도별, 지역별 - 시장 예측(2025-2034년)
Stone Flooring Market Size, Share, Trends, Industry Analysis Report: By Type, Finished Product, Application, and Region - Market Forecast, 2025-2034
상품코드:1605843
리서치사:Polaris Market Research
발행일:2024년 11월
페이지 정보:영문 120 Pages
라이선스 & 가격 (부가세 별도)
한글목차
Polaris Market Research의 최신 조사에 따르면 세계 석재 바닥재 시장 규모는 2034년까지 264억 달러에 달할 것으로 예상됩니다. 이 보고서는 현재 시장 역학에 대한 자세한 인사이트와 향후 시장 성장에 대한 분석을 제공합니다.
주택 리모델링 프로젝트가 증가함에 따라 석재 바닥재의 인기가 크게 증가했습니다. 주택 소유자는 부동산의 가치와 미학을 높이려고 노력하고 있으며, 석재 바닥재는 시대를 초월한 매력과 내구성으로 인해 종종 선택됩니다. 돌의 자연스러운 아름다움과 독특한 패턴은 모든 리노베이션에 우아한 터치를 추가하고 고품질 재료에 투자하려는 사람들에게 선호되는 선택이되었습니다.
석재 바닥재의 긴 수명은 리모델링을 위한 실용적인 선택이 될 수 있습니다. 내마모성이 뛰어나 몇 년이 지나도 매력적이고 기능적으로 유지되어 즉각적인 효과와 장기적인 가치를 제공합니다. 이러한 미적 매력과 내구성의 조합은 주택 리모델링 시 오래 지속되는 고급 소재에 투자하는 경향이 증가하고 있는 추세와 잘 맞물려 있습니다.
최근 몇 년 동안 채석 및 가공 기술의 발전으로 석재 바닥재의 품질과 가격이 크게 향상되었습니다. 최근 기술 혁신에는 낭비를 최소화하고 정밀하고 복잡한 디자인을 가능하게 하는 워터젯 절단 기술, 방오성과 내구성을 향상시키는 나노코팅과 같은 고급 표면처리 등이 포함됩니다. 이러한 기술들은 석재 바닥재를 더욱 친숙하게 만들고, 미적 선택과 성능을 확대하여 다양한 디자인 취향과 실용적 요구를 충족시켜 석재 바닥재 솔루션에 대한 수요를 주도하고 있습니다.
석재 바닥재 시장 보고서 하이라이트
유형별로는 화강암 부문이 내구성, 미적 다양성, 낮은 유지보수성, 주거 및 상업 공간을 강화하는 능력으로 인해 2024년 석재 바닥재 시장을 장악했습니다.
용도별로는 주택 완공 건수 증가와 소득 증가로 인해 주택 소유주들이 경제 성장에 힘입어 내구성이 뛰어난 고급 소재에 투자함에 따라 주거용 부문이 2024년 시장을 주도했습니다.
아시아태평양은 급속한 경제 성장, 도시화 발전, 인구 증가 및 부동산 확장으로 인한 내구성이 뛰어난 고품질 바닥재에 대한 수요 증가로 인해 2024년 석재 바닥재 시장을 주도했습니다.
북미 석재 바닥재 시장은 천연 소재를 선호하는 디자인 트렌드, 지속가능성, 주거 및 상업 분야의 높은 수요로 인해 예측 기간 동안 가장 빠른 성장세를 보일 것으로 예상됩니다.
Arcat, Asian Granito India Limited, BC Stone, Daltile, Emser Tile, Farmington, Island Stone, Levantina y Asociados de Minerales, S.A., Mohawk Industries, Inc., OWSI Flooring &Design, Polycor Inc. Granite Group Ltd. 등이 세계 주요 시장 기업입니다.
목차
제1장 소개
제2장 주요 요약
제3장 조사 방법
제4장 세계의 석재 바닥재 시장 인사이트
시장 현황
석재 바닥재 시장 역학
성장 촉진요인과 기회
미관이 뛰어난 석재 바닥재 수요 증가
도시화와 건설 지출 증가에 의한 석재 바닥재 시장
성장 억제요인과 과제
기타 선택사항에 비해 설계 유연성이 한정되어 있다
PESTEL 분석
석재 바닥재 시장 동향
밸류체인 분석
COVID-19의 영향 분석
제5장 세계의 석재 바닥재 시장 : 유형별
주요 조사 결과
소개
화강암
대리석
석회암
사암
슬레이트
기타
제6장 세계의 석재 바닥재 시장 : 완성품별
주요 조사 결과
소개
타일
슬래브
제7장 세계의 석재 바닥재 시장 : 용도별
주요 조사 결과
소개
주택
비주택
제8장 세계의 석재 바닥재 시장 : 지역별
주요 조사 결과
소개
석재 바닥재 시장 평가 : 지역별, 2020-2034년
북미
북미 : 유형별, 2020-2034년
북미 : 완성품별, 2020-2034년
북미 : 용도별, 2020-2034년
미국
캐나다
유럽
유럽 : 유형별, 2020-2034년
유럽 : 완성품별, 2020-2034년
유럽 : 용도별, 2020-2034년
영국
프랑스
독일
이탈리아
스페인
네덜란드
러시아
기타 유럽
아시아태평양
아시아태평양 : 유형별, 2020-2034년
아시아태평양 : 완성품별, 2020-2034년
아시아태평양 : 용도별, 2020-2034년
중국
인도
말레이시아
일본
인도네시아
한국
호주
기타 아시아태평양
중동 및 아프리카
중동 및 아프리카 : 유형별, 2020-2034년
중동 및 아프리카 : 완성품별, 2020-2034년
중동 및 아프리카 : 용도별, 2020-2034년
사우디아라비아
아랍에미리트
이스라엘
남아프리카공화국
기타 중동 및 아프리카
라틴아메리카
라틴아메리카 : 유형별, 2020-2034년
라틴아메리카 : 완성품별, 2020-2034년
라틴아메리카 : 용도별, 2020-2034년
멕시코
브라질
아르헨티나
기타 라틴아메리카
제9장 경쟁 구도
확대와 인수 분석
확대
인수
제휴/협업/합의/공개
제10장 기업 개요
Arcat
Asian Granito India Limited
BC Stone
Daltile
Emser Tile
Farmington
Island Stone
Levantina y Asociados de Minerales, S.A
Mohawk Industries Inc
OWSI Flooring & Design
Polycor Inc.
Shaw Industries Group, Inc.
Stone Source LLC
Templeton Floor Company
Universal Marble & Granite Group Ltd.
ksm
영문 목차
영문목차
The global stone flooring market size is expected to reach USD 26.40 billion by 2034, according to a new study by Polaris Market Research. The report "Stone Flooring Market Size, Share, Trends, Industry Analysis Report: By Type (Granite, Marble, Limestone, Sandstone, Slate, and Others), Finished Product, Application, and Region (North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, Latin America, and Middle East & Africa) - Market Forecast, 2025-2034" gives a detailed insight into current market dynamics and provides analysis on future market growth.
The rise in home renovation projects has significantly boosted the popularity of stone flooring. Homeowners seek to enhance the value and aesthetics of their properties, and stone flooring is often chosen for its timeless appeal and durability. The natural beauty and unique patterns of stone add an elegant touch to any renovation, making it a favored option for those looking to invest in high-quality materials.
The longevity of stone flooring makes it a practical choice for remodels. Its resistance to wear and tear ensures that it remains attractive and functional over the years, providing immediate and long-term value. This combination of aesthetic appeal and durability aligns well with the growing trend of investing in lasting, premium materials during home renovations.
In recent years, technological advancements in quarrying and processing have significantly enhanced the quality and affordability of stone flooring. Recent innovations include water jet cutting techniques, which allow for precise and intricate designs with minimal waste, and advanced surface treatments such as nano-coating, which improve stain resistance and durability. These technologies have made stone flooring more accessible and have also expanded its aesthetic options and performance capabilities, catering to diverse design preferences and practical needs, which drive the demand for stone flooring solutions.
Stone Flooring Market Report Highlights
Based on type, the granite segment dominated the stone flooring market in 2024 due to its durability, aesthetic versatility, low maintenance, and ability to enhance residential and commercial spaces.
The residential segment, by application, led the market in 2024 due to higher housing completions and rising incomes, with homeowners investing in durable, luxurious materials driven by economic growth.
Asia Pacific led the stone flooring market in 2024 due to rapid economic growth, rising urbanization, and increasing demand for durable, high-quality flooring driven by population growth and real estate expansion.
The North America stone flooring market is expected to experience the fastest growth during the forecast period due to design trends favoring natural materials, sustainability, and high demand in residential and commercial sectors.
Arcat; Asian Granito India Limited; BC Stone; Daltile; Emser Tile; Farmington; Island Stone; Levantina y Asociados de Minerales, S.A; Mohawk Industries, Inc.; OWSI Flooring & Design; Polycor Inc.; Shaw Industries Group, Inc.; Stone Source LLC; Templeton Floor Company; and Universal Marble & Granite Group Ltd are a few global key market players.
Polaris Market Research has segmented the stone flooring market report on the basis of type, finished product, application, and region:
By Type Outlook (Revenue - USD Billion, 2020-2034)
Granite
Marble
Limestone
Sandstone
Slate
Others
By Finished Product Outlook (Revenue - USD Billion, 2020-2034)
Tiles
Slabs
By Application Outlook (Revenue - USD Billion, 2020-2034)
Residential
Nonresidential
By Regional Outlook (Revenue - USD Billion, 2020-2034)
North America
US
Canada
Europe
Germany
UK
France
Italy
Spain
Russia
Netherlands
Rest of Europe
Asia Pacific
China
India
Japan
South Korea
Indonesia
Malaysia
Australia
Rest of Asia Pacific
Latin America
Argentina
Brazil
Mexico
Rest of Latin America
Middle East & Africa
UAE
Saudi Arabia
Israel
South Africa
Rest of Middle East & Africa
Table of Contents
1. Introduction
1.1. Report Description
1.1.1. Objectives of the Study
1.1.2. Market Scope
1.1.3. Assumptions
1.2. Stakeholders
2. Executive Summary
2.1. Market Highlights
3. Research Methodology
3.1. Overview
3.1.1. Data Mining
3.2. Data Sources
3.2.1. Primary Sources
3.2.2. Secondary Sources
4. Global Stone Flooring Market Insights
4.1. Stone Flooring Market - Market Snapshot
4.2. Stone Flooring Market Dynamics
4.2.1. Drivers and Opportunities
4.2.1.1. Rising Demand for Aesthetically Appealing Stone Flooring
4.2.1.2. Increasing Urbanization and Construction Spending on Stone Flooring Market
4.2.2. Restraints and Challenges
4.2.2.1. Limited Design Flexibility Compared to Alternatives
4.3. Porter's Five Forces Analysis
4.3.1. Bargaining Power of Suppliers (Moderate)
4.3.2. Threats of New Entrants: (Low)
4.3.3. Bargaining Power of Buyers (Moderate)
4.3.4. Threat of Substitute (Moderate)
4.3.5. Rivalry among existing firms (High)
4.4. PESTEL Analysis
4.5. Stone Flooring Market Trends
4.6. Value Chain Analysis
4.7. COVID-19 Impact Analysis
5. Global Stone Flooring Market, by Type
5.1. Key Findings
5.2. Introduction
5.2.1. Global Stone Flooring Market, by Type, 2020-2034 (USD Billion)
5.3. Granite
5.3.1. Global Stone Flooring Market, by Granite, by Region, 2020-2034 (USD Billion)
5.4. Marble
5.4.1. Global Stone Flooring Market, by Marble, by Region, 2020-2034 (USD Billion)
5.5. Limestone
5.5.1. Global Stone Flooring Market, by Limestone, by Region, 2020-2034 (USD Billion)
5.6. Sandstone
5.6.1. Global Stone Flooring Market, by Sandstone, by Region, 2020-2034 (USD Billion)
5.7. Slate
5.7.1. Global Stone Flooring Market, by Slate, by Region, 2020-2034 (USD Billion)
5.8. Others
5.8.1. Global Stone Flooring Market, by Others, by Region, 2020-2034 (USD Billion)
6. Global Stone Flooring Market, by Finished Product
6.1. Key Findings
6.2. Introduction
6.2.1. Global Stone Flooring Market, by Finished Product, 2020-2034 (USD Billion)
6.3. Tiles
6.3.1. Global Stone Flooring Market, by Tiles, by Region, 2020-2034 (USD Billion)
6.4. Slab
6.4.1. Global Stone Flooring Market, by Slab, by Region, 2020-2034 (USD Billion)
7. Global Stone Flooring Market, by Application
7.1. Key Findings
7.2. Introduction
7.2.1. Global Stone Flooring Market, by Application, 2020-2034 (USD Billion)
7.3. Residential
7.3.1. Global Stone Flooring Market, by Residential, by Region, 2020-2034 (USD Billion)
7.4. Non-residential
7.4.1. Global Stone Flooring Market, by Non-residential, by Region, 2020-2034 (USD Billion)
8. Global Stone Flooring Market, by Geography
8.1. Key Findings
8.2. Introduction
8.2.1. Stone Flooring Market Assessment, By Geography, 2020-2034 (USD Billion)
8.3. Stone Flooring Market - North America
8.3.1. North America: Stone Flooring Market, by Type, 2020-2034 (USD Billion)
8.3.2. North America: Stone Flooring Market, by Finished Product, 2020-2034 (USD Billion)
8.3.3. North America: Stone Flooring Market, by Application, 2020-2034 (USD Billion)
8.3.4. Stone Flooring Market - U.S.
8.3.4.1. U.S.: Stone Flooring Market, by Type, 2020-2034 (USD Billion)
8.3.4.2. U.S.: Stone Flooring Market, by Finished Product, 2020-2034 (USD Billion)
8.3.4.3. U.S.: Stone Flooring Market, by Application, 2020-2034 (USD Billion)
8.3.5. Stone Flooring Market - Canada
8.3.5.1. Canada: Stone Flooring Market, by Type, 2020-2034 (USD Billion)
8.3.5.2. Canada: Stone Flooring Market, by Finished Product, 2020-2034 (USD Billion)
8.3.5.3. Canada: Stone Flooring Market, by Application, 2020-2034 (USD Billion)
8.4. Stone Flooring Market - Europe
8.4.1. Europe: Stone Flooring Market, by Type, 2020-2034 (USD Billion)
8.4.2. Europe: Stone Flooring Market, by Finished Product, 2020-2034 (USD Billion)
8.4.3. Europe: Stone Flooring Market, by Application, 2020-2034 (USD Billion)
8.4.4. Stone Flooring Market - UK
8.4.4.1. UK: Stone Flooring Market, by Type, 2020-2034 (USD Billion)
8.4.4.2. UK: Stone Flooring Market, by Finished Product, 2020-2034 (USD Billion)
8.4.4.3. UK: Stone Flooring Market, by Application, 2020-2034 (USD Billion)
8.4.5. Stone Flooring Market - France
8.4.5.1. France: Stone Flooring Market, by Type, 2020-2034 (USD Billion)
8.4.5.2. France: Stone Flooring Market, by Finished Product, 2020-2034 (USD Billion)
8.4.5.3. France: Stone Flooring Market, by Application, 2020-2034 (USD Billion)
8.4.6. Stone Flooring Market - Germany
8.4.6.1. Germany: Stone Flooring Market, by Type, 2020-2034 (USD Billion)
8.4.6.2. Germany: Stone Flooring Market, by Finished Product, 2020-2034 (USD Billion)
8.4.6.3. Germany: Stone Flooring Market, by Application, 2020-2034 (USD Billion)
8.4.7. Stone Flooring Market - Italy
8.4.7.1. Italy: Stone Flooring Market, by Type, 2020-2034 (USD Billion)
8.4.7.2. Italy: Stone Flooring Market, by Finished Product, 2020-2034 (USD Billion)
8.4.7.3. Italy: Stone Flooring Market, by Application, 2020-2034 (USD Billion)
8.4.8. Stone Flooring Market - Spain
8.4.8.1. Spain: Stone Flooring Market, by Type, 2020-2034 (USD Billion)
8.4.8.2. Spain: Stone Flooring Market, by Finished Product, 2020-2034 (USD Billion)
8.4.8.3. Spain: Stone Flooring Market, by Application, 2020-2034 (USD Billion)
8.4.9. Stone Flooring Market - Netherlands
8.4.9.1. Netherlands: Stone Flooring Market, by Type, 2020-2034 (USD Billion)
8.4.9.2. Netherlands: Stone Flooring Market, by Finished Product, 2020-2034 (USD Billion)
8.4.9.3. Netherlands: Stone Flooring Market, by Application, 2020-2034 (USD Billion)
8.4.10. Stone Flooring Market - Russia
8.4.10.1. Russia: Stone Flooring Market, by Type, 2020-2034 (USD Billion)
8.4.10.2. Russia: Stone Flooring Market, by Finished Product, 2020-2034 (USD Billion)
8.4.10.3. Russia: Stone Flooring Market, by Application, 2020-2034 (USD Billion)
8.4.11. Stone Flooring Market - Rest of Europe
8.4.11.1. Rest of Europe: Stone Flooring Market, by Type, 2020-2034 (USD Billion)
8.4.11.2. Rest of Europe: Stone Flooring Market, by Finished Product, 2020-2034 (USD Billion)
8.4.11.3. Rest of Europe: Stone Flooring Market, by Application, 2020-2034 (USD Billion)
8.5. Stone Flooring Market - Asia Pacific
8.5.1. Asia Pacific: Stone Flooring Market, by Type, 2020-2034 (USD Billion)
8.5.2. Asia Pacific: Stone Flooring Market, by Finished Product, 2020-2034 (USD Billion)
8.5.3. Asia Pacific: Stone Flooring Market, by Application, 2020-2034 (USD Billion)
8.5.4. Stone Flooring Market - China
8.5.4.1. China: Stone Flooring Market, by Type, 2020-2034 (USD Billion)
8.5.4.2. China: Stone Flooring Market, by Finished Product, 2020-2034 (USD Billion)
8.5.4.3. China: Stone Flooring Market, by Application, 2020-2034 (USD Billion)
8.5.5. Stone Flooring Market - India
8.5.5.1. India: Stone Flooring Market, by Type, 2020-2034 (USD Billion)
8.5.5.2. India: Stone Flooring Market, by Finished Product, 2020-2034 (USD Billion)
8.5.5.3. India: Stone Flooring Market, by Application, 2020-2034 (USD Billion)
8.5.6. Stone Flooring Market - Malaysia
8.5.6.1. Malaysia: Stone Flooring Market, by Type, 2020-2034 (USD Billion)
8.5.6.2. Malaysia: Stone Flooring Market, by Finished Product, 2020-2034 (USD Billion)
8.5.6.3. Malaysia: Stone Flooring Market, by Application, 2020-2034 (USD Billion)
8.5.7. Stone Flooring Market - Japan
8.5.7.1. Japan: Stone Flooring Market, by Type, 2020-2034 (USD Billion)
8.5.7.2. Japan: Stone Flooring Market, by Finished Product, 2020-2034 (USD Billion)
8.5.7.3. Japan: Stone Flooring Market, by Application, 2020-2034 (USD Billion)
8.5.8. Stone Flooring Market - Indonesia
8.5.8.1. Indonesia: Stone Flooring Market, by Type, 2020-2034 (USD Billion)
8.5.8.2. Indonesia: Stone Flooring Market, by Finished Product, 2020-2034 (USD Billion)
8.5.8.3. Indonesia: Stone Flooring Market, by Application, 2020-2034 (USD Billion)
8.5.9. Stone Flooring Market - South Korea
8.5.9.1. South Korea: Stone Flooring Market, by Type, 2020-2034 (USD Billion)
8.5.9.2. South Korea: Stone Flooring Market, by Finished Product, 2020-2034 (USD Billion)
8.5.9.3. South Korea: Stone Flooring Market, by Application, 2020-2034 (USD Billion)
8.5.10. Stone Flooring Market - Australia
8.5.10.1. Australia: Stone Flooring Market, by Type, 2020-2034 (USD Billion)
8.5.10.2. Australia: Stone Flooring Market, by Finished Product, 2020-2034 (USD Billion)
8.5.10.3. Australia: Stone Flooring Market, by Application, 2020-2034 (USD Billion)
8.5.11. Stone Flooring Market - Rest of Asia Pacific
8.5.11.1. Rest of Asia Pacific: Stone Flooring Market, by Type, 2020-2034 (USD Billion)
8.5.11.2. Rest of Asia Pacific: Stone Flooring Market, by Finished Product, 2020-2034 (USD Billion)
8.5.11.3. Rest of Asia Pacific: Stone Flooring Market, by Application, 2020-2034 (USD Billion)
8.6. Stone Flooring Market - Middle East & Africa
8.6.1. Middle East & Africa: Stone Flooring Market, by Type, 2020-2034 (USD Billion)
8.6.2. Middle East & Africa: Stone Flooring Market, by Finished Product, 2020-2034 (USD Billion)
8.6.3. Middle East & Africa: Stone Flooring Market, by Application, 2020-2034 (USD Billion)
8.6.4. Stone Flooring Market - Saudi Arabia
8.6.4.1. Saudi Arabia: Stone Flooring Market, by Type, 2020-2034 (USD Billion)
8.6.4.2. Saudi Arabia: Stone Flooring Market, by Finished Product, 2020-2034 (USD Billion)
8.6.4.3. Saudi Arabia: Stone Flooring Market, by Application, 2020-2034 (USD Billion)
8.6.5. Stone Flooring Market - UAE
8.6.5.1. UAE: Stone Flooring Market, by Type, 2020-2034 (USD Billion)
8.6.5.2. UAE: Stone Flooring Market, by Finished Product, 2020-2034 (USD Billion)
8.6.5.3. UAE: Stone Flooring Market, by Application, 2020-2034 (USD Billion)
8.6.6. Stone Flooring Market - Israel
8.6.6.1. Israel: Stone Flooring Market, by Type, 2020-2034 (USD Billion)
8.6.6.2. Israel: Stone Flooring Market, by Finished Product, 2020-2034 (USD Billion)
8.6.6.3. Israel: Stone Flooring Market, by Application, 2020-2034 (USD Billion)
8.6.7. Stone Flooring Market - South Africa
8.6.7.1. South Africa: Stone Flooring Market, by Type, 2020-2034 (USD Billion)
8.6.7.2. South Africa: Stone Flooring Market, by Finished Product, 2020-2034 (USD Billion)
8.6.7.3. South Africa: Stone Flooring Market, by Application, 2020-2034 (USD Billion)
8.6.8. Stone Flooring Market - Rest of Middle East & Africa
8.6.8.1. Rest of Middle East & Africa: Stone Flooring Market, by Type, 2020-2034 (USD Billion)
8.6.8.2. Rest of Middle East & Africa: Stone Flooring Market, by Finished Product, 2020-2034 (USD Billion)
8.6.8.3. Rest of Middle East & Africa: Stone Flooring Market, by Application, 2020-2034 (USD Billion)
8.7. Stone Flooring Market - Latin America
8.7.1. Latin America: Stone Flooring Market, by Type, 2020-2034 (USD Billion)
8.7.2. Latin America: Stone Flooring Market, by Finished Product, 2020-2034 (USD Billion)
8.7.3. Latin America: Stone Flooring Market, by Application, 2020-2034 (USD Billion)
8.7.4. Stone Flooring Market - Mexico
8.7.4.1. Mexico: Stone Flooring Market, by Type, 2020-2034 (USD Billion)
8.7.4.2. Mexico: Stone Flooring Market, by Finished Product, 2020-2034 (USD Billion)
8.7.4.3. Mexico: Stone Flooring Market, by Application, 2020-2034 (USD Billion)
8.7.5. Stone Flooring Market - Brazil
8.7.5.1. Brazil: Stone Flooring Market, by Type, 2020-2034 (USD Billion)
8.7.5.2. Brazil: Stone Flooring Market, by Finished Product, 2020-2034 (USD Billion)
8.7.5.3. Brazil: Stone Flooring Market, by Application, 2020-2034 (USD Billion)
8.7.6. Stone Flooring Market - Argentina
8.7.6.1. Argentina: Stone Flooring Market, by Type, 2020-2034 (USD Billion)
8.7.6.2. Argentina: Stone Flooring Market, by Finished Product, 2020-2034 (USD Billion)
8.7.6.3. Argentina: Stone Flooring Market, by Application, 2020-2034 (USD Billion)
8.7.7. Stone Flooring Market - Rest of Latin America
8.7.7.1. Rest of Latin America: Stone Flooring Market, by Type, 2020-2034 (USD Billion)
8.7.7.2. Rest of Latin America: Stone Flooring Market, by Finished Product, 2020-2034 (USD Billion)
8.7.7.3. Rest of Latin America: Stone Flooring Market, by Application, 2020-2034 (USD Billion)