Coring Market by Technology (Rotary, Wireline, Sidewall Coring), Well Type (Exploration, Appraisal, Development), Application (Onshore, Offshore), End-use Industry (Oil & Gas, Geothermal, Carbon Capture & Storage), Region - Global Forecast to 2029
코어링 시장 규모는 2024년 4억 8,930만 달러에서 2029년에는 6억 8,870만 달러에 달하고, 예측 기간 동안 7.1%의 연평균 복합 성장률(CAGR)을 보일 것으로 예측됩니다.
코어링 시장은 셰일층 탐사 확대와 코어링 기술의 발전에 의해 주도되고 있습니다. 디지털 트윈 기술을 코어링 서비스에 통합하는 것은 코어링 시장의 중요한 촉진제가 될 것으로 보입니다. 디지털 트윈은 물리적 자산의 가상 복제본을 생성하여 복잡한 환경에서 코어링 작업의 모니터링과 분석을 강화할 수 있습니다. 유선 코어링 시스템은 비용을 절감하고 프로젝트의 경제성을 개선하며 고급 서비스에 대한 수요를 촉진하여 코어의 이동을 줄임으로써 코어의 여정을 줄입니다.
| 조사 범위 |
| 조사 대상 연도 |
2023-2029년 |
| 기준 연도 |
2023년 |
| 예측 기간 |
2024-2029년 |
| 검토 단위 |
금액(100만 달러) |
| 부문 |
유정 유형별, 기술별, 용도별, 최종 이용 산업별, 지역별 |
| 대상 지역 |
북미, 유럽, 아시아태평양, 남미, 중동/아프리카, 기타 지역 |
예측 기간 동안 탐사 우물 부문은 가장 높은 성장률을 보일 것으로 예측됩니다. 세계 에너지 수요 증가는 새로운 해역, 특히 연안 및 심해 지역에서의 탐사에 박차를 가하고 있습니다. 에너지 수요 증가로 인해 석유 및 가스 회사들은 미개발 및 미개척 지역에서 새로운 매장량을 찾고 있습니다. 코어링은 이 분야에서 중요한 역할을 수행하며 지하 지질, 저류층 특성 및 유체 함량에 대한 중요한 통찰력을 제공합니다. 이는 미개발 지역의 상업적 잠재력을 평가하는 데 필수적인 정보입니다. 특히 해양 및 심해 지역에서의 탐사 활동이 급증함에 따라 코어링은 필수불가결한 요소가 되고 있으며, 2022년 11월 말 기준 전 세계적으로 178개의 신규 광구 와일드캣(NFW)이 발견되었고, 회수 가능한 재래식 자원은 석유 환산 기준 187억 배럴(Bboe) 이상에 달할 전망입니다. 이 발견 자원량은 2019년 이후 최고 수준이며, 북미 이외 지역에서는 지난 5년 동안 가장 중요한 발견이 될 수 있습니다.
온쇼어 부문은 많은 시추 활동으로 인해 코어링 시장에서 강력한 지위를 유지하고 있습니다. 온쇼어 코어링 부문은 비용 효율적이고 효율적인 자원 추출에 필수적인 몇 가지 중요한 요인에 의해 주도되고 있습니다. 육상 저류층은 일반적으로 해양에 비해 초기 자본 투자가 적고 인프라가 단순하기 때문에 대규모 코어링 캠페인을 수행하는 것이 더 현실적입니다. 이러한 장점과 함께, 육상에서의 복잡하고 변화무쌍한 지층은 운영 위험을 줄이고 유정 생산성을 높이기 위해 빈번하고 상세한 코어 분석이 필요합니다. 미국과 캐나다에서는 현재 진행 중인 탐사 및 생산 활동, 특히 파미안 분지, 바켄층, 캐나다의 비전통 매장량과 같은 셰일가스 및 타이트 오일층에서 고급 코어링 기술에 대한 수요가 증가하고 있습니다.
북미는 견조한 석유 및 가스 활동과 재생에너지(특히 지열)에 대한 관심 증가로 인해 코링 시장을 주도할 것으로 예측됩니다. 이 지역은 Permian Basin과 Marcellus Shale과 같이 세계에서 가장 크고 생산성이 높은 셰일 오일 및 가스층을 보유하고 있으며, 코어링을 통해 상세한 지질학적 데이터를 얻는 것은 효과적인 저류층 관리와 생산 최적화를 위해 필수적입니다. 타이트 오일, 셰일 가스 및 기타 비전통 탄화수소 자원의 부상은 복잡한 암층을 평가하고 회수율을 높이기 위한 첨단 코어링 기술에 대한 수요를 더욱 증가시키고 있습니다. 북미, 특히 미국과 캐나다의 지열 잠재력은 지열 탐사 및 개발 프로젝트를 지원하기 위해 코어링을 통한 정확한 지하 평가의 필요성을 더욱 부추기고 있습니다. 에너지 전환이 가속화됨에 따라 재생 가능 에너지, 특히 지열로의 전환은 고품질 코어 분석에 대한 수요를 더욱 가속화하고 있습니다. 이러한 요인들로 인해 북미는 세계 코어링 시장의 성장을 주도하는 중요한 지역이 되었습니다.
코어링 시장은 광범위한 지리적 입지를 가진 소수의 주요 시장 진출기업들이 독점하고 있습니다.SLB (US), Halliburton (US), Baker Hughes (US), Boart Longyear (US), NOV (US), Deep Industries Limited (India), Geotek Limited (UK), US Coring LLC (US), Reservoir Group (US), ProDirectional (US), ConeTec (US), Foothills Resource Services (US), Andalas Petroleum Services (US), Summit International (US), Canamera Coring, Inc. (US), GulfTek (Saudi Arabia), Timberwolf Environmental Services Ltd. (Canada), OilTools Services (Kazakhstan), CoreAll AS (Norway) 등이 있습니다.
이 보고서는 전 세계 코어링 시장을 조사했으며, 다양한 지역, 유정 유형별, 기술별, 용도별, 최종 이용 산업별 동향을 예측합니다. 또한, 시장의 상세한 정성적 및 정량적 분석도 수행합니다. 주요 시장 동인, 저해요인, 기회 및 과제를 종합적으로 검토하고 시장의 다양한 중요한 측면을 다루고 있습니다. 여기에는 경쟁 구도 분석, 시장 역학, 금액 기준 시장 추정, 코어링 시장의 미래 동향 등이 포함됩니다.
목차
제1장 서론
제2장 주요 요약
제3장 프리미엄 인사이트
제4장 조사 방법
제5장 시장 개요
- 서론
- 시장 역학
- 고객의 비즈니스에 영향을 미치는 동향/혼란
- 공급망 분석
- 테크놀러지 분석
- 사례 연구 분석
- 가격 분석
- 특허 분석
- 2025년 주요 컨퍼런스 및 이벤트
- 규제 상황
- Porter의 Five Forces 분석
- 주요 이해관계자와 구입 기준
제6장 코어링 시장(갱정 유형별)
제7장 코어링 시장(기술별)
- 서론
- 로터리 코어링
- 와이어 라인 코어링
- 사이드월 코어링
제8장 코어링 시장(용도별)
제9장 코어링 시장(최종 이용 산업별)
- 서론
- 석유 및 가스
- 지열
- 탄소 포집 및 저장(CCS)
제10장 코어링 시장(지역별)
- 서론
- 북미
- 아시아태평양
- 유럽
- 중동
- 아프리카
- 남미
제11장 경쟁 구도
- 주요 시장 진출기업의 전략/강점, 2021년-2024년
- 시장 평가 프레임워크
- 주요 기업의 시장 점유율 분석(2023년)
- 2019-2023년 TOP 5 기업의 매출 분석
- 기업 평가와 재무 지표
- 기업 평가 매트릭스 : 주요 시장 진출기업, 2023년
제12장 기업 개요
- 서비스 제공업체
- SLB BUSINESS OVERVIEW
- HALLIBURTON
- BAKEHUGHESES
- NOV
- BOART LONGYEAR
- DEEP INDUSTRIES LIMITED
- GEOTEK LIMITED
- US CORING LLC
- RESERVOIR GROUP
- PRODIRECTIONAL
- CONETEC
- FOOTHILLS RESOURCE SERVICES
- ANDALAS PETROLEUM SERVICES
- SUMMIT INTERNATIONAL
- CANAMERA CORING, INC.
- GULFTEK
- OILTOOLS SERVICES
- TIMBERWOLF ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES LTD
- COREALL AS
- IOT HOLLAND
- GASINVESTPROJECT
- HARRIS EXPLORATION
- NEBRASCO
- 오퍼레이터
- BP P.L.C.
- SHELL PLC
- CHEVRON CORPORATION
- ENEL SPA
- SAUDI ARABIAN OIL CO.
- EQUINOR ASA
- OIL AND NATURAL GAS CORPORATION LIMITED
- PETROLIAM NASIONAL BERHAD(PETRONAS)
- EXXON MOBIL CORPORATION
- TOTALENERGIES
제13장 부록
LSH
The coring market is projected to reach USD 688.7 million by 2029 from an estimated value of USD 489.3 million in 2024, at a CAGR of 7.1% during the forecast period. The coring market is driven by growing shale exploration and advancements in coring technologies. The integration of digital twin technology into coring services is poised to be a significant driver for the coring market. Digital twins create virtual replicas of physical assets, enabling enhanced monitoring and analysis of coring operations in complex environments. Wireline coring systems reduce core trips by cutting costs, improving project economics, and driving demand for advanced services.
| Scope of the Report |
|---|
| Years Considered for the Study | 2023-2029 |
| Base Year | 2023 |
| Forecast Period | 2024-2029 |
| Units Considered | Value (USD Million) |
| Segments | Well Type, Technology, Application, End-use Industry, Region |
| Regions covered | North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, South America, Middle East, and Africa |
"Exploration well segment expected to grow at highest rate during forecast period"
The exploration well segment is expected to grow at the highest rate during the forecast period. The rising global energy demand has spurred exploration in new basins, especially offshore and deepwater regions. The increasing demand for energy has prompted oil and gas companies to seek new reserves in underexplored and frontier regions. Coring plays a crucial role in this segment, providing critical insights into subsurface geology, reservoir characteristics, and fluid content, which are information vital for evaluating the commercial potential of unexplored areas. With a surge in exploration activities, particularly in offshore and deepwater regions, coring has become indispensable. At the end of November 2022, 178 new-field wildcat (NFW) discoveries were made globally, amounting to over 18.7 billion barrels of oil equivalent (Bboe) in recoverable conventional resources. This volume of discovered resources is poised to be the highest since 2019 and potentially the most significant in the last five years outside North America.
"Based on application, onshore segment to lead coring market "
The onshore segment continues to hold a strong position in the coring market due to the high volume of drilling activities. The onshore coring segment is driven by several key factors that make it both cost-effective and essential for efficient resource extraction. Onshore reservoirs typically require lower initial capital investments and simpler infrastructure compared to offshore operations, making it more feasible to conduct extensive coring campaigns. These advantages, coupled with the complex and varied geological formations found in onshore settings, necessitate frequent and detailed core analyses to reduce operational risks and enhance well productivity. In the US and Canada, ongoing exploration and production activities-particularly in shale gas and tight oil plays like the Permian Basin, Bakken Formation, and Canada's unconventional reserves-are fueling the demand for advanced coring technologies.
"North America to lead coring market during forecast period"
North America is expected to lead the coring market, driven by a combination of robust oil and gas activity and the growing focus on renewable energy, particularly geothermal. The region hosts some of the world's largest and most productive shale oil and gas formations, such as the Permian Basin and Marcellus Shale, where obtaining detailed geological data through coring is essential for effective reservoir management and production optimization. The rise of tight oil, shale gas, and other unconventional hydrocarbon resources has further increased the demand for advanced coring techniques to evaluate complex rock formations and enhance recovery rates. North America's significant geothermal potential, especially in the US and Canada, is fueling the need for accurate subsurface assessment through coring to support geothermal exploration and development projects. As the energy transition gains momentum, the shift toward renewable energy sources, particularly geothermal, is further accelerating the demand for high-quality core analysis. These factors make North America a key region driving the growth of the global coring market.
Breakdown of Primaries:
In-depth interviews have been conducted with various key industry participants, subject-matter experts, C-level executives of key market players, and industry consultants, among other experts, to obtain and verify critical qualitative and quantitative information, as well as assess future market prospects. The distribution of primary interviews is as follows:
By Company Type: Tier 1 - 65%, Tier 2 - 24%, and Tier 3 - 11%
By Designation: C-Level Executives - 30%, Directors - 25%, and Other Designations - 45%
By Region: North America - 20%, Europe - 28%, Asia Pacific - 35%, South America - 8%, Middle East - 5%, and Africa - 4%
Note: Other designations include product engineers, product specialists, and engineering leads.
The tiers of the companies are defined based on their total revenues as of 2023. Tier 1: >USD 1 billion, Tier 2: from USD 500 million to USD 1 billion, and Tier 3: <USD 500 million.
The coring market is dominated by a few major players that have a wide geographical presence. The leading players in coring market are SLB (US), Halliburton (US), Baker Hughes (US), Boart Longyear (US), NOV (US), Deep Industries Limited (India), Geotek Limited (UK), US Coring LLC (US), Reservoir Group (US), ProDirectional (US), ConeTec (US), Foothills Resource Services (US), Andalas Petroleum Services (US), Summit International (US), Canamera Coring, Inc. (US), GulfTek (Saudi Arabia), Timberwolf Environmental Services Ltd. (Canada), OilTools Services (Kazakhstan), and CoreAll AS (Norway).
Research Coverage:
The report defines, describes, and forecasts the coring market by well type, technology, end-use industry, and application for various regions. It also offers detailed qualitative and quantitative analyses of the market. The report provides a comprehensive review of the major market drivers, restraints, opportunities, and challenges. It also covers various important aspects of the market. These include an analysis of the competitive landscape, market dynamics, market estimates in terms of value, and future trends in the coring market.
Key Benefits of Buying the Report
- The coring market report provides comprehensive insights that help make informed strategic decisions. The report includes the market size and forecasts, key trends, growth drivers, competitive landscape, and detailed segmentation by product, application, and region. It also highlights emerging opportunities, supply chain dynamics, and recent technological developments. These insights enable businesses to identify growth areas, assess competitive positioning, reduce risks, and plan investments for market entry effectively.
- Product Development/Innovation: The coring market is experiencing rapid advancements aimed at improving precision, efficiency, and safety in subsurface data acquisition. Companies are investing in next-generation coring systems equipped with automated handling, real-time data acquisition, and digital monitoring tools to enhance core sample integrity and operational accuracy. Innovations include rotary sidewall coring and advanced wireline systems that reduce core retrieval time and minimize operational disruption. The integration of digital twin technology and AI-driven analytics allows predictive insights into coring performance and geomechanical behavior, supporting more informed drilling decisions. Lightweight, corrosion-resistant materials are being incorporated into coring tools to increase durability and reduce tool wear in harsh drilling environments. Additionally, remote-control capabilities and modular coring systems are enabling operations in high-risk or offshore areas, enhancing worker safety and operational flexibility. These technological advancements are positioning coring as a critical enabler of efficient exploration in both conventional oil & gas and renewable energy sectors, such as geothermal, ultimately supporting more sustainable and cost-effective resource development.
- Market Development: In January 2024, the ConeTec Group acquired the Geotech Drilling Group, which includes Geotech Drilling Services Ltd. and Gregg Drilling and Testing Canada Ltd.
- Market Diversification: Baker Hughes and Petrobras signed an agreement. Under this agreement, Baker Hughes has deployed wireline, coiled tubing, cementing, tubular running, wellbore intervention, fishing, and geosciences services in all of Petrobras' offshore fields.
- Competitive Assessment: Assessment of rankings of some key players, including SLB (US), Halliburton (US), Baker Hughes (US), Boart Longyear (US), NOV (US), Deep Industries Limited (India), Geotek Limited (UK), US Coring LLC (US), and Reservoir Group (US).
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1 INTRODUCTION
- 1.1 OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
- 1.2 MARKET DEFINITION
- 1.3 YEARS CONSIDERED
- 1.4 MARKET SCOPE
- 1.4.1 MARKET & REGIONAL SEGMENTATION
2 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
3 PREMIUM INSIGHTS
4 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
- 4.1 RESEARCH DATA
- 4.2 MARKET BREAKDOWN AND DATA TRIANGULATION
- 4.2.1 SECONDARY DATA
- 4.2.1.1 KEY DATA FROM SECONDARY SOURCES
- 4.2.2 PRIMARY DATA
- 4.2.2.1 KEY DATA FROM PRIMARY SOURCES
- 4.2.2.2 BREAKDOWN OF PRIMARY INTERVIEWS
- 4.3 MARKET SIZE ESTIMATION
- 4.3.1 BOTTOM-UP APPROACH
- 4.3.2 TOP-DOWN APPROACH
- 4.3.3 DEMAND-SIDE ANALYSIS
- 4.3.3.1 DEMAND-SIDE METRICS
- 4.3.3.2 ASSUMPTIONS FOR DEMAND-SIDE ANALYSIS
- 4.3.3.3 CALCULATION FOR DEMAND-SIDE ANALYSIS
- 4.3.4 SUPPLY-SIDE ANALYSIS
- 4.3.4.1 ASSUMPTION FOR SUPPLY-SIDE ANALYSIS
- 4.3.4.2 CALCULATION FOR SUPPLY-SIDE
- 4.4 FORECAST
5 MARKET OVERVIEW
- 5.1 INTRODUCTION
- 5.2 MARKET DYNAMICS
- 5.2.1 DRIVERS
- 5.2.2 RESTRAINTS
- 5.2.3 OPPORTUNITIES
- 5.2.4 CHALLENGES
- 5.3 TRENDS/DISRUPTIONS IMPACTING CUSTOMERS' BUSINESS
- 5.4 SUPPLY CHAIN ANALYSIS
- 5.5 TECHNOLOGY ANALYSIS
- 5.5.1 5.6.1 PRESSURE CORING
- 5.6 CASE STUDY ANALYSIS
- 5.7 PRICING ANALYSIS
- 5.7.1 AVERAGE PRICING ANALYSIS, BY REGION, 2023-2029 (USD/FT)
- 5.8 PATENT ANALYSIS
- 5.9 KEY CONFERENCES & EVENTS IN 2025
- 5.10 REGULATORY LANDSCAPE
- 5.10.1 REGULATORY BODIES, GOVERNMENT AGENCIES, AND OTHER ORGANIZATIONS
- 5.10.2 REGULATORY FRAMEWORK
- 5.11 PORTER'S FIVE FORCES ANALYSIS
- 5.12 KEY STAKEHOLDERS AND BUYING CRITERIA
- 5.12.1 KEY STAKEHOLDERS IN THE BUYING PROCESS
- 5.12.2 BUYING CRITERIA
6 CORING MARKET, BY WELL TYPE
- 6.1 INTRODUCTION
- 6.2 EXPLORATION WELL
- 6.3 APPRAISAL WELL
- 6.4 DEVELOPMENT WELL
7 CORING MARKET, BY TECHNOLOGY
- 7.1 INTRODUCTION
- 7.2 ROTARY CORING
- 7.3 WIRELINE CORING
- 7.4 SIDEWALL CORING
8 CORING MARKET, BY APPLICATION
- 8.1 INTRODUCTION
- 8.2 ONSHORE
- 8.3 OFFSHORE
9 CORING MARKET, BY END-USER INDUSTRY
- 9.1 INTRODUCTION
- 9.2 OIL & GAS
- 9.3 GEOTHERMAL
- 9.4 CARBON CAPTURE & STORAGE (CCS)
10 CORING MARKET, BY REGION
- 10.1 INTRODUCTION
- 10.2 NORTH AMERICA
- 10.2.1 WELL TYPE
- 10.2.2 TECHNOLOGY
- 10.2.3 APPLICATION
- 10.2.4 END-USER INDUSTRY
- 10.2.5 BY COUNTRY
- 10.2.5.1 US
- 10.2.5.2 CANADA
- 10.3 ASIA PACIFIC
- 10.3.1 WELL TYPE
- 10.3.2 TECHNOLOGY
- 10.3.3 APPLICATION
- 10.3.4 END-USER INDUSTRY
- 10.3.5 BY COUNTRY
- 10.3.5.1 china
- 10.3.5.2 India
- 10.3.5.3 AUSTRALIA
- 10.3.5.4 jAPAN
- 10.3.5.5 mALAYSIA
- 10.3.5.6 REST OF ASIA PACIFIC
- 10.4 EUROPE
- 10.4.1 WELL TYPE
- 10.4.2 TECHNOLOGY
- 10.4.3 APPLICATION
- 10.4.4 END-USER INDUSTRY
- 10.4.5 BY COUNTRY
- 10.4.5.1 Germany
- 10.4.5.2 UK
- 10.4.5.3 FRANCE
- 10.4.5.4 Italy
- 10.4.5.5 REST OF EUROPE
- 10.5 MIDDLE EAST
- 10.5.1 WELL TYPE
- 10.5.2 TECHNOLOGY
- 10.5.3 APPLICATION
- 10.5.4 END-USER INDUSTRY
- 10.5.5 BY COUNTRY
- 10.5.5.1 GCC Countries
- 10.5.5.1.1 Qatar
- 10.5.5.1.2 UAE
- 10.5.5.1.3 Saudi Arabia
- 10.5.5.1.4 Rest of GCC
- 10.5.5.2 Rest of Middle East
- 10.6 AFRICA
- 10.6.1 WELL TYPE
- 10.6.2 TECHNOLOGY
- 10.6.3 APPLICATION
- 10.6.4 END-USER INDUSTRY
- 10.6.5 BY COUNTRY
- 10.6.5.1 Nigeria
- 10.6.5.2 Algeria
- 10.6.5.3 Angola
- 10.6.5.4 Rest of Africa
- 10.7 SOUTH AMERICA
- 10.7.1 WELL TYPE
- 10.7.2 TECHNOLOGY
- 10.7.3 APPLICATION
- 10.7.4 END-USER INDUSTRY
- 10.7.5 BY COUNTRY
- 10.7.5.1 BRAZIL
- 10.7.5.2 ARGENTINA
- 10.7.5.3 REST OF SOUTH AMERICA
11 COMPETITIVE LANDSCAPE
- 11.1 KEY PLAYER STRATEGIES/RIGHT TO WIN, 2021-2024
- 11.2 MARKET EVALUATION FRAMEWORK
- 11.3 MARKET SHARE ANALYSIS OF KEY PLAYERS, 2023
- 11.4 REVENUE ANALYSIS OF TOP 5 PLAYERS, 2019-2023
- 11.5 COMPANY VALUATION AND FINANCIAL METRICS
- 11.6 COMPANY EVALUATION MATRIX: KEY PLAYERS, 2023
- 11.6.1 STARS
- 11.6.2 EMERGING LEADERS
- 11.6.3 PERVASIVE PLAYERS
- 11.6.4 PARTICIPANTS
- 11.6.5 COMPANY FOOTPRINT: KEY PLAYERS, 2023
- 11.6.5.1 Company footprint
- 11.6.5.2 Region footprint
- 11.6.5.3 Well type footprint
- 11.6.5.4 Application footprint
- 11.6.5.5 End-user industry footprint
- 11.6.5.6 Application footprint
12 COMPANY PROFILES
- 12.1 SERVICE PROVIDERS
- 12.1.1 SLB BUSINESS OVERVIEW
- 12.1.1.1 PRODUCTS & SERVICES
- 12.1.1.2 RECENT DEVELOPMENTS
- 12.1.1.3 MNM VIEW
- 12.1.1.3.1 Key strength/Right to win
- 12.1.1.3.2 Strategic choices
- 12.1.1.3.3 Weaknesses/Competitive Threats
- 12.1.2 HALLIBURTON
- 12.1.3 BAKEHUGHESES
- 12.1.4 NOV
- 12.1.5 BOART LONGYEAR
- 12.1.6 DEEP INDUSTRIES LIMITED
- 12.1.7 GEOTEK LIMITED
- 12.1.8 US CORING LLC
- 12.1.9 RESERVOIR GROUP
- 12.1.10 PRODIRECTIONAL
- 12.1.11 CONETEC
- 12.1.12 FOOTHILLS RESOURCE SERVICES
- 12.1.13 ANDALAS PETROLEUM SERVICES
- 12.1.14 SUMMIT INTERNATIONAL
- 12.1.15 CANAMERA CORING, INC.
- 12.1.16 GULFTEK
- 12.1.17 OILTOOLS SERVICES
- 12.1.18 TIMBERWOLF ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES LTD
- 12.1.19 COREALL AS
- 12.1.20 IOT HOLLAND
- 12.1.21 GASINVESTPROJECT
- 12.1.22 HARRIS EXPLORATION
- 12.1.23 NEBRASCO
- 12.2 OPERATORS
- 12.2.1 BP P.L.C.
- 12.2.2 SHELL PLC
- 12.2.3 CHEVRON CORPORATION
- 12.2.4 ENEL SPA
- 12.2.5 SAUDI ARABIAN OIL CO.
- 12.2.6 EQUINOR ASA
- 12.2.7 OIL AND NATURAL GAS CORPORATION LIMITED
- 12.2.8 PETROLIAM NASIONAL BERHAD (PETRONAS)
- 12.2.9 EXXON MOBIL CORPORATION
- 12.2.10 TOTALENERGIES
13 APPENDIX
- 13.1 INSIGHTS OF INDUSTRY EXPERTS
- 13.2 DISCUSSION GUIDE
