Fungicides Market by Type (Chemical and Biological), Mode of Action (Contact and Systemic), Formulation (Liquid and Dry), Mode of Application (Foliar Spray, Seed Treatment, and Soil Treatment), Crop Type and Region - Global Forecast to 2029
The global fungicides market is estimated at USD 23.9 billion in 2024 and is projected to reach USD 32.3 billion by 2029, at a CAGR of 6.2% during the forecast period. There are several plant pathogenic organisms that cause crop damage; fungi are a primary cause of crop loss globally. The fungicides market is projected to grow at a promising rate in the coming years. This growth is driven by the changing climate conditions and the rising demand for high-value crops, particularly for fruits & vegetables. The Food and Agricultural Organization has identified hundreds of fungal diseases that strike 168 crops integral to human nutrition, with the potential threat from these diseases only rising with climate change. Higher temperatures favor the new variation of fungal pathogens, and extreme weather events such as storms and tornadoes can spread spores over larger geographic areas. For example in 2022, climatic change caused a severe outbreak of stem rust in Ireland, whose airborne spores of the pathogen have come from other regions, underscoring broader risks induced by shifting weather patterns and rising temperatures. The fungicides market is projected to grow at a promising rate in the coming years. Major players in the fungicides market include Syngenta Group (Switzerland), BASF SE (Germany), Bayer AG (Germany), FMC Corporation (US), and UPL Ltd. (India). Some popular fungicides offered by BASF include F 500, Xemium, Revysol, and Pavecto. Syngenta Group offers Amistar, Bravo, Orondis, and Revus. In the recent years, major players largely invested in the research and development activities for the launch of novel fungicide products across the globe, which further boosts the market growth. In May 2024, Syngenta Group announced a major boost in its fungicides portfolio with the launch of its patented ADEPIDYN technology globally featuring the active ingredient pydiflumetofen. The advanced fungicide is available to farmers in more than 55 countries currently.
Scope of the Report
Years Considered for the Study
2024-2029
Base Year
2023
Forecast Period
2024-2029
Units Considered
Value (USD)
Segments
By Type, Mode of Action, Formulation, Mode of Application, Crop Type and Region
Regions covered
North America, Asia Pacific, South America, Europe, and RoW
FIGURE 1 GLOBAL PESTICIDE USE, BY CATEGORY, 2021 (MILLION TONS)
Source: FAO (2024)
"Rising demand for agricultural production to drive the fungicides market globally"
An increase in agricultural production, arising from the increased demand for food on a global scale, essentially increases the application of fungicides to protect crops and enhance yields. According to the State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World report published by FAO, global food production will need to grow by 70% in 2050 to cater to the increasing population. A 2022 study published in Springer Nature examined the impact of foliar fungicides on soybean yields in the north-central United States. The study highlighted that fungicides are more beneficial in high-yield environments, offering sufficient yield increases to offset their costs when soybean prices are average or higher. Nonetheless, it emphasized the ongoing importance of disease scouting and resistance management.
"In 2023, chemical fungicides stood as the major segment within the type segment of the fungicides market. "
Chemical fungicides are biocidal materials that can kill or prevent fungi and their pathogenic spores from growing. Chemical fungicides can be used to control plant fungal infections such as rusts, mildews, and blights. Fungicide activity can be both systemic and contact. Continuous research and development have led to the launch of new targeted chemicals which help to increase the market share of chemical fungicides. For instance, in February 2024, Scientists at the University of California discovered a new chemical fungicide, ebselen, that holds huge potential for fighting some of the most devastating crop diseases in the world. Not only did this new breed of fungicide stop the effects of fungal infections in apples, grapes, strawberries, tomatoes, and roses, but it also enhanced symptoms of already existing fungal infections in rice. In June 2024, BASF launched its new rice fungicide in China under the trade name Cevya, containing 400g/L mefentrifluconazole. This new product incorporates the active ingredient Revysol, mefentrifluconazole, which has good preventive and controlling effects on rice false smut.
"Within the formulation segment, liquid formulation holds the highest share."
Liquid formulations holds maximum share in the fungicides market due to wide usage and versatility. They are preferred for the ease of application, better coverage of large acres, and the possibility of mixing with other agricultural chemicals. Some active ingredients - Difenoconazole, Fludioxonil, Pydiflumetofen, and Hexaconazole - are dominant in fungicides as they are water-based. Liquid fungicides help achieve a high active content, which is required in commercial formulations as they aid with spray drifting. Companies such as BASF (Germany), Bayer (Germany), Syngenta (Basal), FMC Corporation (US), and UPL (India) provide various liquid-based fungicides targeting different diseases and crops. Due to the increasing demand for organic crops, some companies are also focusing on introducing biofungicides. In June 2024, Rovensa Next launched a new biofungicide called Milarum in Brazil. In August 2023, FMC India, a leading agricultural science company, launched the latest ENTAZIA TM biofungicide. Both are liquid-form products that bring extra versatility and value to their applications.
"In 2023, Asia Pacific holds the highest market share in the global fungicides market."
Asia-Pacific holds the largest share of fungicides in the market due to massive agricultural production, cultivation of diverse crops, and increasing demand for effective disease management solutions. The demand for better fungicides as a disease control measure and a means of yield maximization is, therefore, likely to be high in this region characterized by extensive farming and diversified crops. Many companies are investing in the development of new products in the Asia-Pacific region. For example, In June 2024, BASF introduced its new rice fungicide, Cevya, in China. Earlier, in August 2023, FMC Corporation (US), a leader in agricultural sciences, launched ENTAZIATM biofungicide in India, a groundbreaking biological crop protection product formulated with Bacillus subtilis. These innovations highlight the region's growing role in the fungicides market.
The Break-up of Primaries:
By Company Type: Tire 1- 35%, Tire 2- 40%, Tire 3- 25%
By Region: North America - 25%, Europe - 25%, Asia Pacific - 30%, South America - 10%, RoW - 10%
Key players in this market include BASF SE (Germany), Bayer AG (Germany), Syngenta Group (Switzerland), UPL (India), Corteva (US), FMC Corporation (US), Nufarm (Australia), Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd. (Japan), NIPPON SODA CO, LTD. (Japan), Gowan Company (US), American Vanguard Corporation (US), Koppert (Netherlands), KUMIAI CHEMICAL INDUSTRY CO., LTD. (Japan), Albaugh LLC (US), and Sipcam Oxon Spa (Italy).
Research Coverage:
The report segments the fungicides market based on type, crop type, mode of application, mode of action, formulation, and region. In terms of insights, this report has focused on various levels of analyses-the competitive landscape, end-use analysis, and company profiles, which together comprise and discuss views on the emerging & high-growth segments of the fungicides market, high-growth regions, countries, government initiatives, drivers, restraints, opportunities, and challenges. A detailed analysis of the key industry players has been done to provide insights into their business overview, solutions, services, key strategies, Contracts, partnerships, and agreements. New product launches, mergers and acquisitions, and recent developments associated with the fungicides market. Competitive analysis of upcoming startups in the fungicides market ecosystem is covered in this report.
Reasons to buy this report:
The report will help the market leaders/new entrants in this market with information on the closest approximations of the revenue numbers for the overall fungicides market and the subsegments. This report will help stakeholders understand the competitive landscape and gain more insights to position their businesses better and plan suitable go-to-market strategies. The report also helps stakeholders understand the pulse of the market and provides them with information on key market drivers, restraints, challenges, and opportunities. The report provides insights on the following pointers:
Analysis of key drivers (rising temperature and changing climate conditions lead to outbreak of crop diseases, Increaisng launches of novel fungicide products, and rise in agricultural production) restraints (growing resistance to fungicides and fungicide residue problems) opportunities (application of biofungicides to boost demand and integration of fungicides in precision agriculture) and challenges (stringent regulations on use of certain chemical fungicides and low awareness of biological fungicides among farmers).
Product Development/Innovation: Detailed insights on research & development activities and new product launches in the fungicides market.
Market Development: Comprehensive information about lucrative markets - the report analyses the fungicides market across varied regions.
Market Diversification: Exhaustive information about new products, untapped geographies, recent developments, and investments in the fungicides market
Competitive Assessment: In-depth assessment of market shares, growth strategies, and product offerings of leading players like BASF SE (Germany), Bayer AG (Germany), Syngenta Group (Switzerland), UPL (India), Corteva (US), FMC Corporation (US), Nufarm (Australia), Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd. (Japan), Nissan Chemical Corporation (Japan), NIPPON SODA CO, LTD. (Japan), Gowan Company (US), American Vanguard Corporation (US), Koppert (Netherlands), KUMIAI CHEMICAL INDUSTRY CO., LTD. (Japan), Albaugh LLC (US), Sipcam Oxon Spa (Italy), Certis USA L.L.C. (US), BioWorks, Inc. (US), STK Bio-AG (Israel), Verdesian Life Sciences (US), Vive Crop Protection (Canada), Crystal Crop Protection Ltd. (India), Atticus, LLC (US), Scimplify (India), and Botano Health (Israel) in the fungicides market.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 STUDY OBJECTIVES
1.1.1 MARKET DEFINITION
1.2 MARKET SCOPE
1.2.1 MARKET SEGMENTATION
1.2.2 INCLUSIONS & EXCLUSIONS
1.3 YEARS CONSIDERED
1.4 UNIT CONSIDERED
1.4.1 CURRENCY/VALUE UNIT
1.5 STAKEHOLDERS
1.6 SUMMARY OF CHANGES
2 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
2.1 RESEARCH DATA
2.1.1 SECONDARY DATA
2.1.1.1 Key data from secondary sources
2.1.2 PRIMARY DATA
2.1.2.1 Key data from primary sources
2.1.2.2 Key industry insights
2.1.2.3 Breakdown of primaries
2.2 MARKET SIZE ESTIMATION
2.2.1 BOTTOM-UP APPROACH
2.2.2 TOP-DOWN APPROACH
2.2.2.1 Approach to estimate market size using top-down analysis
2.3 DATA TRIANGULATION
2.4 RESEARCH ASSUMPTIONS
2.5 LIMITATIONS AND RISK ASSESSMENT
3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
4 PREMIUM INSIGHTS
4.1 ATTRACTIVE MARKET OPPORTUNITIES FOR PLAYERS IN FUNGICIDES MARKET
4.2 ASIA PACIFIC: FUNGICIDES MARKET, BY TYPE & COUNTRY
4.3 FUNGICIDES MARKET: SHARE OF MAJOR REGIONAL SUBMARKETS
4.4 FUNGICIDES MARKET, BY TYPE AND REGION
4.5 FUNGICIDES MARKET, BY FORMULATION AND REGION
4.6 FUNGICIDES MARKET, BY MODE OF ACTION AND REGION
4.7 FUNGICIDES MARKET, BY MODE OF APPLICATION AND REGION
4.8 FUNGICIDES MARKET, BY CROP TYPE AND REGION
5 MARKET OVERVIEW
5.1 INTRODUCTION
5.2 MACRO INDICATORS
5.2.1 DECREASE IN CROPLAND AREA
5.2.2 RISING DEMAND FOR HIGH-VALUE AND INDUSTRIAL CROPS
5.3 MARKET DYNAMICS
5.3.1 DRIVERS
5.3.1.1 Outbreak of crop diseases due to rising temperatures and changing climatic conditions
5.3.1.2 Innovation and technological advancements
5.3.2 RESTRAINTS
5.3.2.1 Fungicide residue problems
5.3.2.2 Regulatory hurdles
5.3.3 OPPORTUNITIES
5.3.3.1 Integration of fungicides with precision agriculture
5.3.3.2 Introduction of new biological fungicide products
5.3.4 CHALLENGES
5.3.4.1 Long approval periods for fungicide products
5.3.4.2 Growing resistance to fungicides
5.4 IMPACT OF GEN AI ON FUNGICIDES MARKET
5.4.1 USE OF GEN AI IN FUNGICIDES MARKET
5.4.2 CASE STUDY ANALYSIS
5.4.2.1 Innovative AI-powered R&D platform helped Syngenta and Enko boost new products' effectiveness and support global sustainability objectives
5.4.2.2 FMC collaborated with Optibrium to accelerate crop protection with AI-powered discovery
5.4.2.3 Iktos and Bayer collaborated to advance crop protection with AI-driven molecular design
6.6.1 AVERAGE SELLING PRICE TREND OF KEY PLAYERS, BY TYPE
6.6.2 CHEMICAL FUNGICIDES: AVERAGE SELLING PRICE TREND, BY REGION
6.7 PATENT ANALYSIS
6.8 CASE STUDY ANALYSIS
6.8.1 STREAMLINING FUNGICIDE PRODUCTION WITH SIEMENS OPCENTER INTEGRATION
6.8.2 INNOVATIVE CO-FORMULATION OF DUAL FUNGICIDES: BATTELLE'S DEVELOPMENT OF STABLE SUSPO-EMULSION
6.8.3 LAUNCH OF NATURAL PLANT PROTECTION HELPED STREAMLINE AND OPTIMIZE RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT, AND MANUFACTURING OF UPL'S BIOLOGICALLY DERIVED AGRICULTURAL SOLUTIONS
6.9 TRADE ANALYSIS
6.9.1 EXPORT SCENARIO FOR HS CODE 380892
6.9.2 IMPORT SCENARIO FOR HS CODE 380892
6.10 KEY CONFERENCES & EVENTS
6.11 REGULATORY LANDSCAPE
6.11.1 REGULATORY BODIES, GOVERNMENT AGENCIES, AND OTHER ORGANIZATIONS
6.11.2 NORTH AMERICA
6.11.2.1 US
6.11.2.1.1 Product registration for pesticides in US
6.11.2.2 Canada
6.11.2.2.1 Pesticide regulations in Canada
6.11.3 EUROPE
6.11.3.1 Data requirements for plant protection products
6.11.3.2 UK
6.11.3.3 Germany
6.11.4 ASIA PACIFIC
6.11.4.1 China
6.11.4.2 Australia
6.11.4.2.1 Approval of active constituents for use in Australia
6.11.4.3 India
6.11.4.3.1 Data requirements for technical ingredients
6.11.5 SOUTH AMERICA
6.11.5.1 Brazil
6.11.5.2 Argentina
6.11.6 ROW
6.11.6.1 South Africa
6.12 PORTER'S FIVE FORCES ANALYSIS
6.12.1 INTENSITY OF COMPETITIVE RIVALRY
6.12.2 BARGAINING POWER OF SUPPLIERS
6.12.3 BARGAINING POWER OF BUYERS
6.12.4 THREAT OF SUBSTITUTES
6.12.5 THREAT OF NEW ENTRANTS
6.13 KEY STAKEHOLDERS AND BUYING CRITERIA
6.13.1 KEY STAKEHOLDERS IN BUYING PROCESS
6.13.2 BUYING CRITERIA
6.14 INVESTMENT AND FUNDING SCENARIO
7 FUNGICIDES MARKET, BY TYPE
7.1 INTRODUCTION
7.2 BIOLOGICAL FUNGICIDES
7.2.1 LOW COSTS AND HEAT-WITHSTANDING ABILITY OF BIOLOGICAL FUNGICIDES TO DRIVE MARKET
7.2.2 MICROBIALS
7.2.2.1 Remarkable control efficacy against numerous plant diseases to boost market
7.2.2.2 Fungal-based microbials
7.2.2.3 Bacterial-based microbials
7.2.2.4 Other microbials
7.2.3 BIOCHEMICALS
7.2.3.1 Ability to control in vitro and in vivo fungal pathogens to propel market growth
7.2.3.2 Plant-derived biochemicals
7.2.3.3 Essential oils
7.2.3.4 Chitosan
7.2.3.5 Alginates
7.2.3.6 Other biochemicals
7.2.4 MACROBIALS
7.2.4.1 Natural and sustainable approach for disease control to fuel market growth
7.3 CHEMICAL FUNGICIDES
7.3.1 USE OF CHEMICAL FUNGICIDES IN INDUSTRIAL AGRICULTURE TO BOLSTER MARKET GROWTH
7.3.2 TRIAZOLE
7.3.2.1 Role in providing robust and reliable disease management solutions for modern agriculture to foster growth
7.3.3 STROBILURINS
7.3.3.1 Ability to control fungal pathogens to drive market
7.3.4 DITHIOCARBAMATES
7.3.4.1 Rising need to develop alternatives that address both fungicidal and nutritional needs in agriculture to accelerate market growth
7.3.5 CHLORONITRILES
7.3.5.1 Broad-spectrum protection against wide range of diseases to fuel market growth
7.3.6 PHENYLAMIDES
7.3.6.1 Effectiveness against oomycete pathogens to drive market
7.3.7 BENZIMIDAZOLES
7.3.7.1 Ban on carbendazim due to its high toxicity to impact market growth
7.3.8 CARBOXAMIDES
7.3.8.1 Prevent fungi from fully utilizing oxygen and producing energy by inhibiting respiratory enzyme
7.3.9 OTHER CHEMICAL FUNGICIDES
8 FUNGICIDES MARKET, BY FORMULATION
8.1 INTRODUCTION
8.2 LIQUID
8.2.1 HIGH STABILITY AND HYDROLYTIC SOLUBILITY TO DRIVE MARKET
8.2.2 SUSPENSION CONCENTRATES
8.2.2.1 Ease of use and effectiveness to boost market
8.2.3 EMULSIFIABLE CONCENTRATES
8.2.3.1 Advantages such as non-abrasiveness and minimal visible residues to fuel market growth
8.2.4 SOLUBLE LIQUID FLOWABLE
8.2.4.1 Multi-site protection from fungal infections to accelerate market growth
8.3 DRY
8.3.1 ABILITY TO BE USED IN INACCESSIBLE AREAS, SUCH AS CRACKS AND CREVICES, TO PROPEL MARKET GROWTH
8.3.2 WETTABLE POWDER (WP)
8.3.2.1 Non-phytotoxicity and handling ease to foster market growth
8.3.3 WATER-DISPERSIBLE GRANULES
8.3.3.1 Improved application efficiency and effectiveness to boost demand for water-dispersible granules
9 FUNGICIDES MARKET, BY MODE OF ACTION
9.1 INTRODUCTION
9.2 CONTACT FUNGICIDES
9.2.1 LOW COST, MINIMAL RESIDUAL EFFECT, AND MULTI-SITE MODE OF ACTION TO DRIVE MARKET
9.3 SYSTEMIC FUNGICIDES
9.3.1 CURATIVE DISEASE CONTROL, INTERNAL PROTECTION, AND TRANSLOCATION TO HIDDEN PLANT PARTS TO DRIVE MARKET
10 FUNGICIDES MARKET, BY MODE OF APPLICATION
10.1 INTRODUCTION
10.2 SEED TREATMENT
10.2.1 INCREASING DEMAND FOR EFFECTIVE AND COST-EFFECTIVE DISEASE CONTROL MEASURES AGAINST SEED-BORNE PATHOGENS TO DRIVE MARKET
10.3 SOIL TREATMENT
10.3.1 SOIL TREATMENT WITH FUNGICIDES TO ENHANCE CROPS' ABILITY TO FIGHT AGAINST FUNGAL INFESTATION
10.4 FOLIAR SPRAY
10.4.1 FOLIAR TREATMENTS TO HELP BOOST NATURAL DISEASE RESISTANCE
10.5 OTHER MODES OF APPLICATION
11 FUNGICIDES MARKET, BY CROP TYPE
11.1 INTRODUCTION
11.2 CEREALS & GRAINS
11.2.1 INCREASE IN PRODUCTION LEVELS OF CEREALS IN MAJOR EXPORTING COUNTRIES TO DRIVE MARKET
11.2.2 CORN
11.2.2.1 Demand for corn-based ethanol production to bolster market growth
11.2.3 WHEAT
11.2.3.1 Fungicides to help wheat crops improve plant health, increase stability, and protect yield
11.2.4 RICE
11.2.4.1 Rising demand for gluten-free products and introduction of new rice-based products to drive market
11.2.5 OTHER CEREALS & GRAINS
11.3 OILSEEDS & PULSES
11.3.1 SURGING DEMAND FOR OILSEEDS & PULSES IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES TO PROPEL MARKET GROWTH
11.3.2 SOYBEAN
11.3.2.1 Shift in dietary preferences toward plant-based protein products to fuel market growth
11.3.3 SUNFLOWER
11.3.3.1 Fungicides integral to maintaining healthy sunflower crops, ensuring high yields and quality
11.3.4 OTHER OILSEEDS & PULSES
11.4 FRUITS & VEGETABLES
11.4.1 SIGNIFICANT RISE IN FRUIT AND VEGETABLE PRODUCTION TO PROPEL MARKET GROWTH
11.4.2 POME FRUITS
11.4.2.1 Surging demand for high-level preventive control of numerous pome fruit diseases to fuel market growth
11.4.3 CITRUS FRUITS
11.4.3.1 Increasing production to drive demand for fungicides
11.4.4 LEAFY VEGETABLES
11.4.4.1 Increasing need for effective fungicide control of Downey mildew in leafy vegetables to aid market growth
11.4.5 BERRIES
11.4.5.1 Rising production of berries to spike market growth
11.4.6 ROOT & TUBER VEGETABLES
11.4.6.1 Infestation of fungal diseases in root and tuber vegetables to drive fungicide usage
11.4.7 OTHER FRUITS & VEGETABLES
11.5 OTHER CROP TYPES
12 FUNGICIDES MARKET, BY REGION
12.1 INTRODUCTION
12.2 NORTH AMERICA
12.2.1 US
12.2.1.1 Agricultural innovations and process improvements in farming sector to boost market
12.2.2 CANADA
12.2.2.1 Introduction of new biological fungicide products to drive market
12.2.3 MEXICO
12.2.3.1 Rising demand for organic produce to accelerate market growth
12.3 EUROPE
12.3.1 GERMANY
12.3.1.1 Product innovation and investments to accelerate market growth
12.3.2 UK
12.3.2.1 Increased yield and reduced cost of labor to foster market growth
12.3.3 FRANCE
12.3.3.1 Government initiatives to drive demand for biological fungicide products
12.3.4 SPAIN
12.3.4.1 Prevalence of Botrytis disease in Spain leading to demand for new fungicides
12.3.5 ITALY
12.3.5.1 New product developments and launches to fuel market growth
12.3.6 RUSSIA
12.3.6.1 Decline in price of active ingredients from China and sanctions to impact market growth
12.3.7 REST OF EUROPE
12.4 ASIA PACIFIC
12.4.1 CHINA
12.4.1.1 Government regulations to boost demand for advanced fungicide solutions
12.4.2 INDIA
12.4.2.1 Surging demand for broad-spectrum disease control and enhanced crop resilience to fuel market growth
12.4.3 JAPAN
12.4.3.1 Adoption of advanced agricultural practices to propel market growth
12.4.4 AUSTRALIA
12.4.4.1 Increasing consumption of fungicides and growing export of grain crops to boost market
12.4.5 INDONESIA
12.4.5.1 Government initiatives aimed at achieving food self-sufficiency to accelerate market growth
12.4.6 REST OF ASIA PACIFIC
12.5 SOUTH AMERICA
12.5.1 BRAZIL
12.5.1.1 Focus on developing fungicidal mixture products to boost market
12.5.2 ARGENTINA
12.5.2.1 Advanced agricultural practices to drive growth
12.5.3 REST OF SOUTH AMERICA
12.6 ROW
12.6.1 MIDDLE EAST
12.6.1.1 Rising export and consumption of organic produce likely to drive application of biofungicides
12.6.2 AFRICA
12.6.2.1 Launch of innovative fungicides to drive market
13 COMPETITIVE LANDSCAPE
13.1 OVERVIEW
13.2 KEY PLAYER STRATEGIES/RIGHT TO WIN
13.3 SEGMENTAL REVENUE ANALYSIS
13.4 MARKET SHARE ANALYSIS, 2023
13.4.1 MARKET RANKING ANALYSIS
13.4.2 BASF SE (GERMANY)
13.4.3 BAYER AG (GERMANY)
13.4.4 SYNGENTA GROUP (SWITZERLAND)
13.4.5 CORTEVA (US)
13.4.6 SUMITOMO CHEMICAL CO., LTD. (JAPAN)
13.5 COMPANY EVALUATION MATRIX: KEY PLAYERS, 2023
13.5.1 STARS
13.5.2 EMERGING LEADERS
13.5.3 PERVASIVE PLAYERS
13.5.4 PARTICIPANTS
13.5.5 COMPANY FOOTPRINT: KEY PLAYERS, 2023
13.5.5.1 Company footprint
13.5.5.2 Type footprint
13.5.5.3 Formulation footprint
13.5.5.4 Mode of application footprint
13.5.5.5 Region footprint
13.6 COMPANY EVALUATION MATRIX: STARTUPS/SMES, 2023