한글목차

세계 저GWP 냉매 시장의 미래는 상업용 냉장, 산업용 냉장, 가정용 냉장, 고정식 공조, 이동식 공조 시장에서 기회로 인해 유망합니다. 세계 저GWP 냉매 시장은 2025년부터 2031년까지 10.8%의 CAGR로 2031년까지 약 474억 달러에 달할 것으로 예상됩니다. 이 시장의 주요 촉진요인은 상업용 공조 제품 사용 증가, 다양한 산업에서 보다 효율적인 냉동 수요 증가, 탄화수소 사용 확대, 새로운 저GWP 냉매의 창출입니다.

• Lucintel은 탄화수소 냉매는 열역학적 특성이 우수하고, 이러한 물질을 사용하는 냉동공조 시스템은 에너지 효율이 높기 때문에 유형별로는 탄화수소 부문이 예측 기간 동안 가장 높은 성장세를 보일 것으로 예상하고 있습니다.
• 지역별로는 동남아시아, 인도, 중국의 급속한 인구 증가, 도시화, 경제 발전, 생태 및 에너지 효율이 높은 냉방 시스템에 대한 수요 증가로 인해 APAC가 예측 기간 동안 가장 큰 지역으로 남을 것으로 보입니다.

저GWP 냉매 시장의 전략적 성장 기회

저GWP 냉매 시장의 전략적 성장 기회는 기술 변화, 규제 변화, 저GWP 냉매 장비에 대한 시장 수요 증가로 인해 발생할 수 있습니다. 이러한 기회의 출현은 새로운 트렌드에서 이익을 얻고 발자국을 늘리고자 하는 시장 진입 기업에게 중요합니다.

• 고급 HFO 개발 : 더 나은 성능과 낮은 GWP를 가진 고급 HFO 냉매의 개발은 성장 잠재력을 가지고 있습니다. 기업들은 최신 규제 프레임워크를 준수하고 다양한 응용 분야에서 경쟁력 있는 효율을 제공하는 첨단 HFO 냉매를 활용할 수 있습니다.
• 신흥 시장 진출 : 동남아시아, 아프리카 등 냉동공조 시스템에 대한 수요가 증가하고 있는 신흥 시장으로의 진출은 기업에게 시장 확대의 기회가 될 수 있습니다. 이러한 지리적 시장에서는 낮은 GWP 솔루션을 제공할 수 있으며, 이는 시장 성장과 신규 고객 확보로 이어질 수 있습니다.
• 천연 냉매의 통합 : 성장 기회는 상업용 및 산업용 천연 냉매의 생성 및 판매에 있습니다. 천연 냉매는 오존층 파괴 및 지구 온난화 가능성이 없어 환경에 긍정적으로 기여합니다.
• 냉매 관리 시스템 혁신 : 누출 감지 및 회수 시스템 개선, 냉매 관리 기술 개발 및 상용화의 여지가 있습니다. 저GWP 냉매와 함께 이러한 혁신은 프로세스를 강화하고 업계 규제 요건을 준수하도록 보장합니다.
• 파트너십 및 협업 : 기술 혁신가, 규제 당국, 업계 스폰서와의 파트너십 및 협업을 통해 다른 시장 기업들과 협력하는 것은 비즈니스를 추진하기 위한 탄탄한 기반이 될 수 있습니다. 협력 관계는 저GWP 냉매의 개발 및 수용을 가속화하고 지리적 범위를 넓힐 수 있습니다.

저GWP 냉매 시장의 잠재적 기회는 주로 고 GWP 저감 화합물의 전략적 개발, 신흥국 시장 집중, 천연 냉매 사용 및 도입, 냉매 관리 시스템의 발전, 적극적인 시장 진입을 포함합니다. 이러한 기회는 시장을 재구성하고 냉매 사용에서 보다 친환경적인 솔루션으로의 중요한 움직임을 촉진하고 있습니다.

저GWP 냉매 시장 활성화 요인 및 과제

저GWP 냉매 시장에는 기술, 규제, 경제성 등 여러 가지 촉진요인과 도전 과제가 존재합니다. 시장 내에서 사업을 전개하고 성장을 달성하기 위해서는 이러한 요인을 이해하는 것이 중요합니다.

저GWP 냉매 시장을 이끄는 요인은 다음과 같습니다:

• 규제 지원 : 규제 지원 : 키갈리 수정 조항과 같은 강화된 규제와 국제 협약은 저GWP 냉매의 사용을 요구하고 있습니다. 이러한 규제는 고 GWP 냉매의 단계적 폐지를 촉진하고 시장 성장을 지원합니다.
• 기술 발전 : 시장은 새로운 HFO 및 천연 냉매 사용과 같은 새로운 냉매 기술 개발의 혜택을 누리고 있습니다. 이러한 기술은 성능과 효율을 향상시키고 저GWP 냉매로의 전환을 가능하게 합니다.
• 환경의식 : 기후변화와 그 악영향으로 인해 GWP가 낮고 오존층을 파괴하지 않는 유체에 대한 요구가 증가하고 있습니다. 사회와 기업에서 저탄소 대체품에 대한 수요가 증가하고 있습니다.
• 에너지 효율 향상 : 저GWP 냉매를 이용한 에너지 효율이 높은 냉동 및 공조 시스템에 대한 관심이 시장 성장을 강화하고 있습니다. 에너지 효율이 높은 시스템의 도입은 운영 비용을 절감하고 환경의 지속가능성에 기여합니다.
• 시장 성장 : 신흥국의 공조 및 냉동 수요 증가는 저GWP 냉매 시장에 기회를 제공합니다. 이들 지역의 성장은 시장 확대와 친환경 기술 사용 확대의 길을 제공합니다.

저GWP 냉매 시장의 과제는 다음과 같습니다:

• 높은 전환 비용 : 고 GWP 냉매에서 저GWP 냉매로의 전환과 관련된 비용이 클 수 있습니다. 새로운 장비, 기술 및 기타 요인과 관련된 비용은 통합 측면에서 기업에 어려움을 초래할 수 있습니다.
• 규제의 복잡성 : 규제 준수에 따른 스트레스와 잠재적 혼란은 압도적일 수 있습니다. 국내 및 국제 규제에 대응하기 위해서는 많은 예산과 리소스가 필요합니다.
• 제한된 인프라 : 일부 지역에서는 저GWP 냉매의 관리 및 재생을 위한 인프라가 부족하여 시장 성장을 제한할 수 있습니다. 적절한 인프라를 구축하는 것은 전체 시장 진입을 위해 매우 중요합니다.

저GWP 냉매 시장의 주요 촉진요인으로는 규제 정책 지원, 기술 발전, 환경 인식, 에너지 효율 개선, 시장 성장 등을 들 수 있습니다. 이러한 발전에 대한 장벽으로는 높은 전환 비용, 규제 개혁, 제한된 인프라, 시장 경쟁, 다양한 기술과의 호환성 등을 들 수 있습니다. 생존과 시장 확대를 달성하기 위해서는 이러한 요소들을 고려하는 것이 중요합니다.

목차

제1장 주요 요약

제2장 세계의 저GWP 냉매 시장 : 시장 역학

• 소개, 배경, 분류
• 공급망
• 업계 성장 촉진요인과 과제

제3장 2019년부터 2031년까지 시장 동향과 예측 분석

• 거시경제 동향(2019-2024년)과 예측(2025-2031년)
• 세계의 저GWP 냉매 시장 동향(2019-2024)과 예측(2025-2031)
• 유형별
  • 플루오로카본
  • 탄화수소
  • 무기물
• 용도별
  • 상업용 냉장고
  • 산업용 냉장고
  • 가정용 냉장고
  • 고정형 에어컨
  • 이동식 에어컨
  • 기타

제4장 2019년부터 2031년까지 지역별 시장 동향과 예측 분석

• 지역별 : 세계의 저GWP 냉매 시장
• 북미의 저GWP 냉매 시장
• 유럽의 저GWP 냉매 시장
• 아시아태평양의 저GWP 냉매 시장
• 기타 지역의 저GWP 냉매 시장

제5장 경쟁 분석

• 제품 포트폴리오 분석
• 운영 통합
• Porter's Five Forces 분석

제6장 성장 기회와 전략 분석

• 성장 기회 분석
  • 유형별
  • 용도별
  • 지역별
• 세계의 저GWP 냉매 시장 최신 동향
• 전략 분석
  • 신제품 개발
  • 세계의 저GWP 냉매 시장 생산능력 확대
  • 세계의 저GWP 냉매 시장 합병, 인수, 합작투자
  • 인증과 라이선싱

제7장 주요 기업 개요

• Linde Group
• Honeywell
• Sinochem
• Airgas
• Engas Australasia
• A-Gas
• Puyang Zhongwei Fine Chemical
• Harp International
• Tazzetti
• Shandong Yueon Chemical Industry

영문목차

The future of the global low GWP refrigerant market looks promising with opportunities in the commercial refrigeration, industrial refrigeration, domestic refrigeration, stationary air-conditioning, and mobile air-conditioning markets. The global low GWP refrigerant market is expected to reach an estimated $47.4 billion by 2031 with a CAGR of 10.8% from 2025 to 2031. The major drivers for this market are increasing commercial air conditioning product use, the demand for more efficient refrigeration across a range of industries, the expanding use of hydrocarbons, and the creation of novel low-GWP refrigerants.

• Lucintel forecasts that, within the type category, the hydrocarbon segment is expected to witness the highest growth over the forecast period because hydrocarbon refrigerants have excellent thermodynamic properties, and refrigerating and air-conditioning systems operating using these substances are highly energy-efficient.
• In terms of regions, APAC will remain the largest region over the forecast period due to the fast population expansion, urbanization, and economic development in Southeast Asian, Indian, and Chinese nations, as well as, the rising need for cooling systems that are both ecologically and energy-efficient.

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Emerging Trends in the Low GWP Refrigerant Market

New market trends are developing in the low global warming potential (GWP) refrigerants market as a result of technological evolution, regulatory changes, and environmental practices. These trends are shaping the history and future of the industry through their influence on product development and market expansion initiatives.

• Adoption of HFOs: Hydrofluoroolefins (HFOs), which have a very low global warming potential, have seen a high rate of market penetration as substitutes for traditional coolants. New refrigeration systems benefit from their relatively low global warming potential and higher operational effectiveness compared to existing units.
• Growth of Natural Refrigerants: Natural refrigerants, such as CO2, ammonia, and hydrocarbons, are becoming increasingly popular as they are more environmentally friendly. They offer greener and cost-effective solutions, particularly in commercial and industrial refrigeration.
• Regulatory Push for Phase-Outs: The phase-out of high GWP refrigerants occurs in response to stricter regulations and international agreements like the Kigali Amendment. This regulatory impetus facilitates the transition to low GWP alternatives and encourages industry-wide compliance.
• Technological Innovations: Many improvements in the formulations of low GWP refrigerants and their systems are enhancing efficiency and effectiveness. There are barriers as well as strengths associated with these trends.
• Increased Focus on Energy Efficiency: There is a growing challenge in enhancing the energy efficiency of low GWP refrigerants used in air conditioning and refrigeration systems. The use of such energy-efficient systems minimizes energy consumption and lowers operational costs, contributing to environmental and energy goals.

Notable trends in the low GWP refrigerant market include the shift to HFO adoption, the expansion of natural refrigerants, regulatory phase-outs, technological advancements, and a focus on energy efficiency. These trends are transforming the market by creating sustainable opportunities and improving refrigerant technologies.

Recent Developments in the Low GWP Refrigerant Market

Trends related to the low GWP refrigerant market in recent times indicate increasing technological, regulatory, and market developments. These developments are leading to more environmentally friendly refrigerant solutions and improving general practices in the industry.

• Launch of New HFO Products: More manufacturers have entered the market with new HFO refrigerants that have lower GWP characteristics but enhanced performance. New products have been developed for various applications to comply with new regulations and for more effective operation.
• Expansion of Natural Refrigerant Usage: Both commercial and industrial practices are featuring an increasing use of natural refrigerants such as CO2 and ammonia. This change is driven by the environmental efficiency of natural refrigerants.
• Regulatory Compliance Initiatives: New regulations and standards that aim to eliminate the use of high GWP refrigerants, such as the Kigali Amendment and the EU F-gas Regulation, are currently being enacted. This regulatory environment encourages investment in low-GWP refrigerant technology.
• Development of Refrigerant Management Systems: Advances in refrigerant management techniques, such as leak detection and recovery processes, are enhancing the usage and economics of low GWP refrigerants. These advances also help achieve better performance of the entire system and comply with environmental regulations.
• Growing R&D Expenditure: There is increased research and development expenditure on new low GWP replacements and improvements to current technologies. This trend is driven by the focus on creating an enabling environment for innovation that addresses the need for sustainable refrigerants.

New developments in the low GWP refrigerant market include the introduction of new HFO products, the expansion of natural refrigerant usage, regulatory compliance initiatives, technological advancements in refrigerant management, and increased investment in R&D. These developments are pushing the market toward the utilization of more effective and sustainable refrigerants.

Strategic Growth Opportunities for Low GWP Refrigerant Market

Strategic growth opportunities in the low GWP refrigerant market are driven by technological changes, regulatory changes, and growing market demand for such equipment. The emergence of these opportunities is important for market participants who wish to benefit from new trends and increase their footprint.

• Development of Advanced HFOs: There are growth prospects in developing advanced HFO refrigerants that have better performance and lower GWP. Companies can take advantage of advanced HFO refrigerants that comply with the latest regulatory frameworks and offer competitive efficiencies for many applications.
• Expansion into Emerging Markets: Venturing into emerging markets like Southeast Asia and Africa, where there is increasing demand for refrigeration and air conditioning systems, widens the market for companies. In these geographical markets, low-GWP solutions can be offered, resulting in market growth and new customer acquisition.
• Integration of Natural Refrigerants: Growth opportunities lie in the creation and marketing of natural refrigerants for commercial and industrial use. Natural refrigerants have zero ozone depletion and global warming potential, thus contributing positively to the environment.
• Innovation in Refrigerant Management Systems: There is scope for improving leak detection and recovery systems and developing and commercializing refrigerant management technologies. Along with low-GWP refrigerants, these innovations enhance processes and ensure compliance with regulatory requirements in the industry.
• Partnerships and Collaborations: A solid foundation for advancing business is aligning with other market players by forming partnerships and collaborations with technological innovators, regulatory authorities, and industry sponsors. Collaborations can accelerate the development and acceptance of low GWP refrigerants and broaden geographical coverage.

Potential opportunities in the market for low GWP refrigerants mainly involve the strategic development of high GWP-reducing compounds, focusing on emerging markets, the use and uptake of natural refrigerants, advances in refrigerant management systems, and active participation. These opportunities are reshaping the market and fostering the important move towards greener solutions in refrigerant use.

Low GWP Refrigerant Market Driver and Challenges

Several drivers and challenges affect the low GWP refrigerant market, such as technology, regulations, and economics. It is important to appreciate these factors to operate within the market and achieve growth.

The factors responsible for driving the low GWP refrigerant market include:

• Regulatory Support: Enhanced regulations and international treaties, such as the Kigali Amendment, call for the use of low GWP refrigerants. Following these regulations facilitates the phase-out of high GWP refrigerants, hence supporting market growth.
• Technological Advancements: The market also benefits from new developments in refrigerant technology, including newly formulated HFOs and the use of natural refrigerants. These technologies enhance performance and efficiency, making it possible to transition to low GWP options.
• Environmental Awareness: Climate change and its adverse effects have created a need for low-GWP, non-ozone-depleting fluids. There is increased demand for low-carbon alternatives in society and businesses.
• Driven by Energy Efficiency: The focus on energy-efficient refrigeration and air conditioning systems that utilize low GWP refrigerants is strengthening the growth of the market. The implementation of energy-efficient systems reduces operational costs and contributes to environmental sustainability.
• Market Growth: Rising air conditioning and refrigeration requirements among emerging economies present opportunities in the low GWP refrigerant market. Growth in these regions will provide avenues for market expansion and increased use of green technologies.

Challenges in the low GWP refrigerant market are:

• High Transition Costs: The costs associated with shifting from high GWP to low GWP refrigerants may be significant. Expenses related to new equipment, technologies, and other factors can pose challenges to businesses in terms of integration.
• Regulatory Complexity: The stress and potential disruptions associated with compliance with regulations can be overwhelming. Compliance with both local and international regulations requires substantial budgets and resources.
• Limited Infrastructure: The lack of infrastructure for the management and reclamation of low GWP refrigerants in some areas may limit market growth. Building the appropriate infrastructure is crucial for overall market uptake.

Among the main drivers for the low GWP refrigerant market are regulatory policy support, technology evolution, environmental awareness, improvement in energy efficiency, and market growth. Barriers to such advancements include high transition costs, regulatory reform, limited infrastructure, market competition, and compatibility with various technologies. It is important to consider these factors to achieve survival and market expansion.

List of Low GWP Refrigerant Companies

Companies in the market compete on the basis of product quality offered. Major players in this market focus on expanding their manufacturing facilities, R&D investments, infrastructural development, and leverage integration opportunities across the value chain. Through these strategies low GWP refrigerant companies cater increasing demand, ensure competitive effectiveness, develop innovative products & technologies, reduce production costs, and expand their customer base. Some of the low GWP refrigerant companies profiled in this report include-

• Linde Group
• Honeywell
• Sinochem
• Airgas
• Engas Australasia
• A-Gas
• Puyang Zhongwei Fine Chemical
• Harp International
• Tazzetti
• Shandong Yueon Chemical Industry

Low GWP Refrigerant by Segment

The study includes a forecast for the global low GWP refrigerant market by type, application, and region.

Low GWP Refrigerant Market by Type [Analysis by Value from 2019 to 2031]:

• Fluorocarbons
• Hydrocarbons
• Inorganics

Low GWP Refrigerant Market by Application [Analysis by Value from 2019 to 2031]:

• Commercial Refrigeration
• Industrial Refrigeration
• Domestic Refrigeration
• Stationary Air-conditioning
• Mobile Air-conditioning
• Others

Low GWP Refrigerant Market by Region [Analysis by Value from 2019 to 2031]:

• North America
• Europe
• Asia Pacific
• The Rest of the World

Country Wise Outlook for the Low GWP Refrigerant Market

Major players in the market are expanding their operations and forming strategic partnerships to strengthen their positions. The following image highlights recent developments by major low GWP refrigerant producers in key regions: the USA, China, India, Japan, and Germany.

• United States: In the United States, the development of low GWP refrigerants, particularly hydrofluoroolefins (HFOs) and natural refrigerants, is on the rise. The introduction of new regulations under the American Innovation and Manufacturing (AIM) Act is also driving the need to phase out high-GWP refrigerants, thereby creating opportunities for investment in low-GWP alternatives.
• China: China is looking to ramp up its production facilities that cater to low GWP refrigerants, primarily HFOs and CO2. The government's support for the Kigali Amendment to the Montreal Protocol is distancing the country from high GWP refrigerants in line with prevailing international standards.
• Germany: Due to strict legislation enacted by the EU, Germany is one of the most advanced countries in introducing low GWP refrigerants. Recent achievements include modified formulations of HFOs and better management strategies for refrigerants in compliance with the F-gas regulation, moving towards low-GWP alternatives.
• India: India has already set a path toward utilizing low GWP refrigerants to protect nature and the environment. There is a particular drive for low-GWP options in the commercial and industrial segments to meet regulatory initiatives and growing concerns about climate change.
• Japan: Japan is making strides in ensuring low GWP refrigerants are adopted by making available protocols and technological advances. These include steps toward low GWP air conditioners and the development of natural refrigerants that comply with local, regional, and global environmental laws.

Features of the Global Low GWP Refrigerant Market

Market Size Estimates: Low GWP refrigerants market size estimation in terms of value ($B).

Trend and Forecast Analysis: Market trends (2019 to 2024) and forecast (2025 to 2031) by various segments and regions.

Segmentation Analysis: Low GWP refrigerants market size by type, application, and region in terms of value ($B).

Regional Analysis: Low GWP refrigerants market breakdown by North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, and Rest of the World.

Growth Opportunities: Analysis of growth opportunities in different type, application, and regions for the low GWP refrigerant market.

Strategic Analysis: This includes M&A, new product development, and competitive landscape of the low GWP refrigerant market.

Analysis of competitive intensity of the industry based on Porter's Five Forces model.

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This report answers following 11 key questions:

• Q.1. What are some of the most promising, high-growth opportunities for the low GWP refrigerant market by type (fluorocarbons, hydrocarbons, and inorganics), application (commercial refrigeration, industrial refrigeration, domestic refrigeration, stationary air-conditioning, mobile air-conditioning, and others), and region (North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, and the Rest of the World)?
• Q.2. Which segments will grow at a faster pace and why?
• Q.3. Which region will grow at a faster pace and why?
• Q.4. What are the key factors affecting market dynamics? What are the key challenges and business risks in this market?
• Q.5. What are the business risks and competitive threats in this market?
• Q.6. What are the emerging trends in this market and the reasons behind them?
• Q.7. What are some of the changing demands of customers in the market?
• Q.8. What are the new developments in the market? Which companies are leading these developments?
• Q.9. Who are the major players in this market? What strategic initiatives are key players pursuing for business growth?
• Q.10. What are some of the competing products in this market and how big of a threat do they pose for loss of market share by material or product substitution?
• Q.11. What M&A activity has occurred in the last 5 years and what has its impact been on the industry?

Table of Contents

1. Executive Summary

2. Global Low GWP Refrigerant Market : Market Dynamics

• 2.1: Introduction, Background, and Classifications
• 2.2: Supply Chain
• 2.3: Industry Drivers and Challenges

3. Market Trends and Forecast Analysis from 2019 to 2031

• 3.1. Macroeconomic Trends (2019-2024) and Forecast (2025-2031)
• 3.2. Global Low GWP Refrigerant Market Trends (2019-2024) and Forecast (2025-2031)
• 3.3: Global Low GWP Refrigerant Market by Type
  • 3.3.1: Fluorocarbons
  • 3.3.2: Hydrocarbons
  • 3.3.3: Inorganics
• 3.4: Global Low GWP Refrigerant Market by Application
  • 3.4.1: Commercial Refrigeration
  • 3.4.2: Industrial Refrigeration
  • 3.4.3: Domestic Refrigeration
  • 3.4.4: Stationary Air-conditioning
  • 3.4.5: Mobile Air-conditioning
  • 3.4.6: Others

4. Market Trends and Forecast Analysis by Region from 2019 to 2031

• 4.1: Global Low GWP Refrigerant Market by Region
• 4.2: North American Low GWP Refrigerant Market
  • 4.2.1: North American Market by Type: Fluorocarbons, Hydrocarbons, and Inorganics
  • 4.2.2: North American Market by Application: Commercial Refrigeration, Industrial Refrigeration, Domestic Refrigeration, Stationary Air-conditioning, Mobile Air-conditioning, and Others
• 4.3: European Low GWP Refrigerant Market
  • 4.3.1: European Market by Type: Fluorocarbons, Hydrocarbons, and Inorganics
  • 4.3.2: European Market by Application: Commercial Refrigeration, Industrial Refrigeration, Domestic Refrigeration, Stationary Air-conditioning, Mobile Air-conditioning, and Others
• 4.4: APAC Low GWP Refrigerant Market
  • 4.4.1: APAC Market by Type: Fluorocarbons, Hydrocarbons, and Inorganics
  • 4.4.2: APAC Market by Application: Commercial Refrigeration, Industrial Refrigeration, Domestic Refrigeration, Stationary Air-conditioning, Mobile Air-conditioning, and Others
• 4.5: ROW Low GWP Refrigerant Market
  • 4.5.1: ROW Market by Type: Fluorocarbons, Hydrocarbons, and Inorganics
  • 4.5.2: ROW Market by Application: Commercial Refrigeration, Industrial Refrigeration, Domestic Refrigeration, Stationary Air-conditioning, Mobile Air-conditioning, and Others

5. Competitor Analysis

• 5.1: Product Portfolio Analysis
• 5.2: Operational Integration
• 5.3: Porter's Five Forces Analysis

6. Growth Opportunities and Strategic Analysis

• 6.1: Growth Opportunity Analysis
  • 6.1.1: Growth Opportunities for the Global Low GWP Refrigerant Market by Type
  • 6.1.2: Growth Opportunities for the Global Low GWP Refrigerant Market by Application
  • 6.1.3: Growth Opportunities for the Global Low GWP Refrigerant Market by Region
• 6.2: Emerging Trends in the Global Low GWP Refrigerant Market
• 6.3: Strategic Analysis
  • 6.3.1: New Product Development
  • 6.3.2: Capacity Expansion of the Global Low GWP Refrigerant Market
  • 6.3.3: Mergers, Acquisitions, and Joint Ventures in the Global Low GWP Refrigerant Market
  • 6.3.4: Certification and Licensing

7. Company Profiles of Leading Players

• 7.1: Linde Group
• 7.2: Honeywell
• 7.3: Sinochem
• 7.4: Airgas
• 7.5: Engas Australasia
• 7.6: A-Gas
• 7.7: Puyang Zhongwei Fine Chemical
• 7.8: Harp International
• 7.9: Tazzetti
• 7.10: Shandong Yueon Chemical Industry