한글목차

하이드로폼 금속 벨로우즈 동향 및 전망

하이드로포밍 금속 벨로우즈 세계 시장의 미래는 계측기 산업, 항공우주, 전자 산업 및 의료 시장에서 기회가 있을 것으로 예상됩니다. 하이드로포밍 가공 금속 벨로우즈 세계 시장은 2024년부터 2030년까지 연평균 4.5%의 성장률을 보일 것으로 예상됩니다. 이 시장의 주요 촉진요인은 하이드로포밍 금속 벨로우즈의 효과와 성능을 개선하기 위한 주요 시장 진입자들의 R&D 비용 증가, 기술 개선과 결합된 항공우주 및 자동차 산업의 수요 증가, 그리고 가볍고 컴팩트한 부품에 대한 산업 전반의 수요 증가입니다.

• Lucintel은 유형별로는 멀티월이 예측 기간 동안 높은 성장세를 보일 것으로 예상하고 있습니다.
• 용도별로는 항공우주 분야가 가장 높은 성장세를 보일 것으로 예상됩니다.
• 지역별로는 아시아태평양이 예측 기간 동안 가장 높은 성장을 보일 것으로 예상됩니다.

하이드로폼 금속 벨로우즈 시장의 전략적 성장 기회

하이드로폼 금속 벨로우즈 시장의 전략적 성장 기회는 기술 발전, 특정 용도의 수요 증가, 시장 지역 확대 등 다양한 요인에 의해 발생합니다. 이러한 성장 기회를 파악하는 것은 성장 잠재력을 활용하고 시장에서의 입지를 강화하고자 하는 기업에게 매우 중요합니다.

• 항공우주 산업 : 항공우주 산업은 고성능, 경량화 부품의 필요성으로 인해 큰 성장 잠재력을 가지고 있습니다. 하이드로포밍 가공된 금속 벨로우즈는 가혹한 조건에서 내구성과 유연성이 요구되는 응용 분야에 적합하며, 이 분야의 수요를 주도하고 있습니다.
• 자동차 분야 : 자동차 산업은 다양한 차량 시스템에서 신뢰성과 효율성으로 인해 하이드로폼 메탈 벨로우즈의 채택을 늘리고 있습니다. 서스펜션 시스템, 배기 시스템, 엔진 부품 등 고도의 성능을 요구하는 응용 분야가 그 원동력이 되고 있습니다.
• 산업 기계 : 하이드로폼 금속 벨로우즈는 고압과 가혹한 환경에 대응할 수 있어 산업 기계에서 사용이 확대되고 있습니다. 이 분야는 로봇 공학, 제조 장비, 자동화 등의 분야에서 성장 기회를 제공하고 있습니다.
• 에너지 부문 : 석유 및 가스 등 에너지 분야는 내구성과 가혹한 조건에 대한 내성으로 인해 하이드로포밍 가공 금속 벨로우즈의 성장 시장으로 떠오르고 있습니다. 압력 씰, 유연한 연결부, 에너지 인프라 부품 등의 응용 분야에서 기회가 존재합니다.
• 의료기기 : 정밀성과 생체적합성으로 인해 의료기기에서 하이드로폼 가공 금속 벨로우즈에 대한 수요가 증가하고 있습니다. 의료 기술의 발전에 힘입어 수술 도구, 진단 기기, 환자 지원 시스템 등에 적용될 수 있는 기회가 있습니다.

하이드로폼 금속 벨로우즈 시장의 전략적 성장 기회에는 자동차, 항공우주, 산업기계, 석유 및 가스, 재생에너지 분야에서의 적용 확대가 포함됩니다. 기술 혁신과 시장 확대를 통해 이러한 기회를 활용하는 기업은 새로운 트렌드를 활용하고 경쟁 우위를 확보할 수 있는 유리한 위치에 있습니다.

하이드로폼 금속 벨로우즈 시장의 촉진요인 및 과제

하이드로폼 금속 벨로우즈 시장은 기술 발전, 경제 상황, 규제 요인 등 다양한 시장 촉진요인 및 과제에 영향을 받고 있습니다. 이러한 요인을 이해하는 것은 시장을 탐색하고 비즈니스 성공을 달성하는 데 있어 매우 중요합니다.

하이드로폼 금속 벨로우즈 시장의 촉진요인은 다음과 같습니다.

• 기술 발전 : 정밀 하이드로포밍 및 첨단 재료와 같은 하이드로포밍 기술의 혁신이 시장 성장의 원동력이 되고 있습니다. 이러한 발전은 금속 벨로우즈의 성능과 용량을 향상시켜 더 넓은 범위의 응용 분야에 적합합니다.
• 산업 수요 증가 : 산업화의 발전과 인프라 구축은 내구성이 뛰어난 고성능 부품에 대한 수요를 촉진하고 있습니다. 하이드로포밍 가공된 금속 벨로우즈는 항공우주, 자동차 및 기계 응용 분야에서 점점 더 많이 사용되고 있으며, 이는 시장 확대를 주도하고 있습니다.
• 자동화 및 효율화 : 제조 공정의 자동화 통합은 생산 효율을 향상시키고 비용을 절감하고 있습니다. 자동화 시스템은 대량 생산과 안정적인 품질을 가능하게 하여 시장 성장을 뒷받침하고 있습니다.
• 항공우주 및 자동차 응용 분야 증가 : 항공우주 및 자동차 산업은 신뢰할 수 있는 고성능 부품이 필요하기 때문에 하이드로폼 금속 벨로우즈 수요의 주요 견인차 역할을 하고 있습니다. 이러한 추세는 시장 확대와 기술 혁신을 뒷받침하고 있습니다.
• 지속가능성 중시 : 지속가능한 제조 방식과 재료에 대한 관심이 높아지고 있습니다. 제조업체들은 환경 친화적인 공정과 재료를 개발하여 세계 지속가능성 목표에 부합하고 시장 성장을 촉진하고 있습니다.

하이드로포밍 성형 금속 하부 시장의 과제는 다음과 같습니다.

• 높은 제조 비용 : 고급 재료와 복잡한 제조 공정의 비용이 높을 수 있으며, 이는 하이드로포밍 가공 금속 벨로우즈의 가격 책정 및 경제성에 영향을 미칠 수 있습니다. 이 문제는 시장 경쟁력과 접근성에 영향을 미칠 수 있습니다.
• 치열한 경쟁 : 하이드로폼 금속 벨로우즈 시장은 경쟁이 치열하고 수많은 기업이 다양한 제품을 제공하고 있습니다. 경쟁사와 차별화하고 시장 점유율을 유지하려면 지속적인 혁신과 효과적인 전략이 필요합니다.
• 규제 대응 : 안전 및 성능에 대한 엄격한 규제 요건을 충족하는 것은 어려운 일입니다. 제조업체는 규정 준수 조치에 투자하고 변화하는 규제에 대응해야 하며, 이는 제품 개발 및 시장 역학에 영향을 미칠 수 있습니다.

하이드로폼 금속 벨로우즈 시장은 기술 발전, 산업 수요 증가, 자동화와 같은 촉진요인에 의해 형성되는 반면, 생산 비용, 경쟁 및 규제 준수와 관련된 도전 과제에 직면해 있습니다. 진화하는 시장에서 성공을 거두기 위해서는 이러한 요소들의 균형을 맞추는 것이 필수적입니다.

목차

제1장 주요 요약

제2장 세계의 하이드로폼 금속 벨로우즈 시장 : 시장 역학

• 소개, 배경, 분류
• 공급망
• 업계 성장 촉진요인과 과제

제3장 2018년부터 2030년까지 시장 동향과 예측 분석

• 거시경제 동향(2018-2023년)과 예측(2024-2030년)
• 세계의 하이드로폼 금속 벨로우즈 시장 동향(2018-2023)과 예측(2024-2030)
• 유형별 세계 하이드로폼 금속 벨로우즈 시장
  • 싱글 월
  • 멀티 월
• 용도별 세계 하이드로폼 금속 벨로우즈 시장
  • 계측 기기 업계
  • 항공우주
  • 일렉트로닉스 산업
  • 의료
  • 기타

제4장 2018년부터 2030년까지 지역별 시장 동향과 예측 분석

• 지역별 세계의 하이드로폼 금속 벨로우즈 시장
• 북미의 하이드로폼 금속 벨로우즈 시장
• 유럽의 하이드로폼 금속 벨로우즈 시장
• 아시아태평양의 하이드로폼 금속 벨로우즈 시장
• 기타 지역의 하이드로폼 금속 벨로우즈 시장

제5장 경쟁 분석

• 제품 포트폴리오 분석
• 운영 통합
• Porter's Five Forces 분석

제6장 성장 기회와 전략 분석

• 성장 기회 분석
  • 유형별 성장 기회
  • 용도별 성장 기회
  • 지역별 성장 기회
• 세계의 하이드로폼 금속 벨로우즈 시장 최신 동향
• 전략 분석
  • 신제품 개발
  • 세계의 하이드로폼 금속 벨로우즈 시장 생산능력 확대
  • 세계의 하이드로폼 금속 벨로우즈 시장 합병, 인수, 합작투자
  • 인증과 라이선싱

제7장 주요 기업 개요

• Witzenmann
• BOA
• Senior
• MIRAPRO
• Flexider
• Technoflex
• KSM
• Weldmac
• Aerosun
• Jiangsu Shuguang

영문목차

Hydroformed Metal Bellow Trends and Forecast

The future of the global hydroformed metal bellow market looks promising with opportunities in the instrumentation industry, aerospace, electronics industry, and medical markets. The global hydroformed metal bellow market is expected to grow with a CAGR of 4.5% from 2024 to 2030. The major drivers for this market are increasing spending by major industry participants on R&D to improve the effectiveness and performance of hydroformed metal bellows, growing demand from the aerospace and automotive industries combined with technological improvements, as well as, rising need across industries for lightweight and compact components.

• Lucintel forecasts that, within the type category, multi-walls are expected to witness higher growth over the forecast period.
• Within the application category, aerospace is expected to witness the highest growth.
• In terms of regions, APAC is expected to witness the highest growth over the forecast period.

Gain valuable insights for your business decisions with our comprehensive 150+ page report.

Emerging Trends in the Hydroformed Metal Bellow Market

The hydroformed metal bellow market is undergoing significant transformation, with several emerging trends shaping its future. These trends are influenced by technological advancements, industry demands, and global economic factors.

• Precision Hydroforming: Advances in precision hydroforming are improving the accuracy and complexity of metal bellows. This technology enables the creation of intricate designs with tight tolerances, enhancing the performance and reliability of components in various applications.
• High-Performance Materials: The use of high-performance materials, such as titanium and nickel alloys, is increasing. These materials offer superior strength, flexibility, and resistance to extreme conditions, expanding the range of applications for hydroformed metal bellows.
• Automation Integration: The integration of automation in hydroforming processes is enhancing production efficiency and consistency. Automated systems are reducing manufacturing costs and improving product quality, making advanced metal bellows more accessible and cost-effective.
• Sustainability Initiatives: There is a growing emphasis on sustainability in the manufacturing of hydroformed metal bellows. Companies are adopting eco-friendly practices, such as reducing waste and energy consumption, to align with global environmental goals and improve market appeal.
• Customization and Integration: The demand for customized and integrated solutions is rising. Hydroformed metal bellows are being designed to meet specific application needs and integrated with other components, offering tailored solutions and enhancing overall system performance.

These developments are transforming the hydroformed metal bellow market by improving product capabilities, enhancing manufacturing efficiency, and widening the scope of operations. Technologies such as customization, automation, sustainability, advanced materials, and emerging markets will ensure growth and innovation in the industry, positioning it for further development in a global competitive environment.

Recent Developments in the Hydroformed Metal Bellow Market

Recent developments in the hydroformed metal below market reflect significant advancements in technology, production processes, and market dynamics. These changes are influencing how bellows are designed, manufactured, and utilized across various industries.

• Advanced Hydroforming Techniques: Innovations in hydroforming techniques, such as precision hydroforming and multi-step processes, are improving the quality and complexity of metal bellows. These advancements enable the production of intricate designs and enhance component performance in demanding applications.
• Material Advancements: The development of new materials, including high-performance alloys and composites, is expanding the capabilities of hydroformed metal bellows. These materials offer improved strength, flexibility, and resistance to extreme conditions, meeting the needs of various industries.
• Automation and Efficiency: The integration of automation in manufacturing processes is streamlining production and increasing efficiency. Automated systems are reducing costs and improving consistency, allowing for high-volume production and enhanced product reliability.
• Expansion into New Markets: The hydroformed metal bellow market is expanding into new sectors, including energy and medical devices. This growth is driven by the demand for durable and high-performance components in a wide range of applications.
• Sustainability Initiatives: There is a growing focus on sustainability in the production of hydroformed metal bellows. Manufacturers are adopting eco-friendly practices, such as reducing waste and energy consumption, to align with environmental goals and improve market appeal.

These recent developments highlight a transformative phase in the hydroformed metal bellow market, characterized by technological innovation, increased production capacity, customization, sustainability efforts, and market expansion. These factors are collectively shaping a dynamic and competitive landscape, influencing future growth and opportunities in the industry.

Strategic Growth Opportunities for Hydroformed Metal Bellow Market

Strategic growth opportunities in the hydroformed metal bellow market are driven by various factors, including technological advancements, increasing demand in specific applications, and expanding market regions. Identifying these opportunities is crucial for companies aiming to capitalize on growth potential and enhance their market position.

• Aerospace Industry: The aerospace sector presents significant growth potential due to the need for high-performance, lightweight components. Hydroformed metal bellows are ideal for applications requiring durability and flexibility under extreme conditions, driving demand in this sector.
• Automotive Applications: The automotive industry is increasingly adopting hydroformed metal bellows for their reliability and efficiency in various vehicle systems. Opportunities include applications in suspension systems, exhaust systems, and engine components, driven by the need for advanced performance.
• Industrial Machinery: The use of hydroformed metal bellows in industrial machinery is expanding due to their ability to handle high pressures and demanding environments. This sector presents opportunities for growth in areas such as robotics, manufacturing equipment, and automation.
• Energy Sector: The energy sector, including oil and gas, is a growing market for hydroformed metal bellows due to their durability and resistance to harsh conditions. Opportunities exist in applications such as pressure seals, flexible connections, and energy infrastructure components.
• Medical Devices: There is a rising demand for hydroformed metal bellows in medical devices due to their precision and biocompatibility. Opportunities include applications in surgical instruments, diagnostic equipment, and patient support systems, driven by advancements in medical technology.

Strategic growth opportunities in the hydroformed metal bellow market include expanding applications in the automotive, aerospace, industrial machinery, oil and gas, and renewable energy sectors. Companies that leverage these opportunities through innovation and market expansion are well-positioned to capitalize on emerging trends and enhance their competitive advantage.

Hydroformed Metal Bellow Market Driver and Challenges

The hydroformed metal bellow market is influenced by various drivers and challenges, including technological advancements, economic conditions, and regulatory factors. Understanding these elements is crucial for navigating the market and achieving business success.

The factors responsible for driving the hydroformed metal below market include:

• Technological Advancements: Innovations in hydroforming technology, such as precision hydroforming and advanced materials, are driving market growth. These advancements enhance the performance and capabilities of metal bellows, making them suitable for a wider range of applications.
• Increased Industrial Demand: Growing industrialization and infrastructure development are fueling demand for durable and high-performance components. Hydroformed metal bellows are increasingly used in aerospace, automotive, and machinery applications, driving market expansion.
• Automation and Efficiency: The integration of automation in manufacturing processes is improving production efficiency and reducing costs. Automated systems enable high-volume production and consistent quality, supporting market growth.
• Rising Aerospace and Automotive Applications: The aerospace and automotive industries are key drivers of demand for hydroformed metal bellows due to their need for reliable and high-performance components. This trend supports market expansion and innovation.
• Focus on Sustainability: There is a growing emphasis on sustainable manufacturing practices and materials. Manufacturers are developing eco-friendly processes and materials, aligning with global sustainability goals and driving market growth.

Challenges in the hydroformed metal below market are:

• High Production Costs: The cost of advanced materials and complex manufacturing processes can be high, impacting the pricing and affordability of hydroformed metal bellows. This challenge can affect market competitiveness and accessibility.
• Intense Competition: The hydroformed metal bellow market is competitive, with numerous players offering a range of products. Differentiating from competitors and maintaining market share requires continuous innovation and effective strategies.
• Regulatory Compliance: Meeting stringent regulatory requirements for safety and performance can be challenging. Manufacturers must invest in compliance measures and adapt to changing regulations, which can impact product development and market dynamics.

The hydroformed metal bellow market is shaped by drivers such as technological advancements, increased industrial demand, and automation while facing challenges related to production costs, competition, and regulatory compliance. Balancing these factors is essential for achieving success in the evolving market.

List of Hydroformed Metal Bellow Companies

Companies in the market compete on the basis of product quality offered. Major players in this market focus on expanding their manufacturing facilities, R&D investments, infrastructural development, and leverage integration opportunities across the value chain. With these strategies hydroformed metal bellow companies cater increasing demand, ensure competitive effectiveness, develop innovative products & technologies, reduce production costs, and expand their customer base. Some of the hydroformed metal bellow companies profiled in this report include-

• Witzenmann
• BOA
• Senior
• MIRAPRO
• Flexider
• Technoflex
• KSM
• Weldmac
• Aerosun
• Jiangsu Shuguang

Hydroformed Metal Bellow by Segment

The study includes a forecast for the global hydroformed metal bellow by type, application, and region.

Hydroformed Metal Bellow Market by Type [Analysis by Value from 2018 to 2030]:

• Single Wall
• Multi-Walls

Hydroformed Metal Bellow Market by Application [Analysis by Value from 2018 to 2030]:

• Instrumentation Industry
• Aerospace
• Electronics Industry
• Medical
• Others

Hydroformed Metal Bellow Market by Region [Shipment Analysis by Value from 2018 to 2030]:

• North America
• Europe
• Asia Pacific
• The Rest of the World

Country Wise Outlook for the Hydroformed Metal Bellow Market

The hydroformed metal bellow market has been changing rapidly due to technological improvements and varying industry demands. These changes encompass various countries, contributing differently to market expansion and innovation. The flexibility and sturdiness of the hydroformed metal below have made it more accepted in automotive, aerospace, and industrial uses. This area is changing significantly as major markets like the US, China, Germany, India, and Japan push ahead with new technologies and regulations.

• United States: In the US, recent advancements include the adoption of advanced hydroforming technologies and materials. Innovations in precision hydroforming and automated production processes are enhancing the quality and efficiency of metal bellows. Increased demand from the aerospace and automotive sectors is driving the development of more durable and high-performance components.
• China: China's hydroformed metal bellow market is expanding rapidly due to industrial growth and technological improvements. Advances in hydroforming techniques and increased production capacities are leading to higher-quality products. The focus is on reducing production costs and meeting the growing domestic and international demand, boosting market competitiveness.
• Germany: Germany is leveraging its strong engineering capabilities to advance the hydroformed metal bellow market. Recent developments include integrating advanced simulation tools and automation in manufacturing processes, resulting in higher precision and product quality. Germany's emphasis on high-tech applications, particularly in the aerospace and automotive industries, is driving innovation and market growth.
• India: India is experiencing growth in the hydroformed metal bellow market due to rising industrialization and infrastructure projects. Recent developments focus on cost-effective production techniques and adapting technology to local needs. The market is seeing increased adoption in various sectors, including automotive and machinery, driven by the demand for reliable and durable components.
• Japan: Japan is at the forefront of technological innovation in the hydroformed metal bellow market. Recent advancements include the use of advanced materials and improved hydroforming techniques, enhancing product performance and longevity. Japan's emphasis on precision engineering and high-tech applications continues to drive market growth and maintain its competitive edge.

Features of the Global Hydroformed Metal Bellow Market

Market Size Estimates: Hydroformed metal bellow market size estimation in terms of value ($B).

Trend and Forecast Analysis: Market trends (2018 to 2023) and forecast (2024 to 2030) by various segments and regions.

Segmentation Analysis: Hydroformed metal bellow market size by type, application, and region in terms of value ($B).

Regional Analysis: Hydroformed metal bellow market breakdown by North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, and Rest of the World.

Growth Opportunities: Analysis of growth opportunities in different type, application, and regions for the hydroformed metal bellow market.

Strategic Analysis: This includes M&A, new product development, and competitive landscape of the hydroformed metal bellow market.

Analysis of competitive intensity of the industry based on Porter's Five Forces model.

If you are looking to expand your business in this market or adjacent markets, then contact us. We have done hundreds of strategic consulting projects in market entry, opportunity screening, due diligence, supply chain analysis, M & A, and more.

This report answers following 11 key questions:

• Q.1. What are some of the most promising, high-growth opportunities for the hydroformed metal bellow market by type (single wall and multi-walls), application (instrumentation industry, aerospace, electronics industry, medical, and others), and region (North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, and the Rest of the World)?
• Q.2. Which segments will grow at a faster pace and why?
• Q.3. Which region will grow at a faster pace and why?
• Q.4. What are the key factors affecting market dynamics? What are the key challenges and business risks in this market?
• Q.5. What are the business risks and competitive threats in this market?
• Q.6. What are the emerging trends in this market and the reasons behind them?
• Q.7. What are some of the changing demands of customers in the market?
• Q.8. What are the new developments in the market? Which companies are leading these developments?
• Q.9. Who are the major players in this market? What strategic initiatives are key players pursuing for business growth?
• Q.10. What are some of the competing products in this market and how big of a threat do they pose for loss of market share by material or product substitution?
• Q.11. What M&A activity has occurred in the last 5 years and what has its impact been on the industry?

Table of Contents

1. Executive Summary

2. Global Hydroformed Metal Bellow Market : Market Dynamics

• 2.1: Introduction, Background, and Classifications
• 2.2: Supply Chain
• 2.3: Industry Drivers and Challenges

3. Market Trends and Forecast Analysis from 2018 to 2030

• 3.1. Macroeconomic Trends (2018-2023) and Forecast (2024-2030)
• 3.2. Global Hydroformed Metal Bellow Market Trends (2018-2023) and Forecast (2024-2030)
• 3.3: Global Hydroformed Metal Bellow Market by Type
  • 3.3.1: Single Wall
  • 3.3.2: Multi-Walls
• 3.4: Global Hydroformed Metal Bellow Market by Application
  • 3.4.1: Instrumentation Industry
  • 3.4.2: Aerospace
  • 3.4.3: Electronics Industry
  • 3.4.4: Medical
  • 3.4.5: Others

4. Market Trends and Forecast Analysis by Region from 2018 to 2030

• 4.1: Global Hydroformed Metal Bellow Market by Region
• 4.2: North American Hydroformed Metal Bellow Market
  • 4.2.1: North American Market by Type: Single Wall and Multi-Walls
  • 4.2.2: North American Market by Application: Instrumentation Industry, Aerospace, Electronics Industry, Medical, and Others
• 4.3: European Hydroformed Metal Bellow Market
  • 4.3.1: European Market by Type: Single Wall and Multi-Walls
  • 4.3.2: European Market by Application: Instrumentation Industry, Aerospace, Electronics Industry, Medical, and Others
• 4.4: APAC Hydroformed Metal Bellow Market
  • 4.4.1: APAC Market by Type: Single Wall and Multi-Walls
  • 4.4.2: APAC Market by Application: Instrumentation Industry, Aerospace, Electronics Industry, Medical, and Others
• 4.5: ROW Hydroformed Metal Bellow Market
  • 4.5.1: ROW Market by Type: Single Wall and Multi-Walls
  • 4.5.2: ROW Market by Application: Instrumentation Industry, Aerospace, Electronics Industry, Medical, and Others

5. Competitor Analysis

• 5.1: Product Portfolio Analysis
• 5.2: Operational Integration
• 5.3: Porter's Five Forces Analysis

6. Growth Opportunities and Strategic Analysis

• 6.1: Growth Opportunity Analysis
  • 6.1.1: Growth Opportunities for the Global Hydroformed Metal Bellow Market by Type
  • 6.1.2: Growth Opportunities for the Global Hydroformed Metal Bellow Market by Application
  • 6.1.3: Growth Opportunities for the Global Hydroformed Metal Bellow Market by Region
• 6.2: Emerging Trends in the Global Hydroformed Metal Bellow Market
• 6.3: Strategic Analysis
  • 6.3.1: New Product Development
  • 6.3.2: Capacity Expansion of the Global Hydroformed Metal Bellow Market
  • 6.3.3: Mergers, Acquisitions, and Joint Ventures in the Global Hydroformed Metal Bellow Market
  • 6.3.4: Certification and Licensing

7. Company Profiles of Leading Players

• 7.1: Witzenmann
• 7.2: BOA
• 7.3: Senior
• 7.4: MIRAPRO
• 7.5: Flexider
• 7.6: Technoflex
• 7.7: KSM
• 7.8: Weldmac
• 7.9: Aerosun
• 7.10: Jiangsu Shuguang