한글목차

네오펜탄 시장(2024-2028년)

네오펜탄(Neopentane) 시장은 2023-2028년간 4억 4,400만 달러 확대될 것으로 예상되며, 예측 기간 동안 5.9%의 연평균 복합 성장률(CAGR)을 나타낼 전망입니다. 이 보고서는 네오펜탄(Neopentane) 시장에 대한 전반적인 분석, 시장 규모와 예측, 동향, 성장 촉진요인, 과제, 약 25개 벤더에 대한 벤더 분석 등의 정보를 전해드립니다.

이 보고서는 현재의 시장 시나리오, 최신 동향 및 성장요인, 전체 시장 환경에 대한 최신 분석을 제공합니다. 시장은 네오펜탄의 효율성 향상, 석유 공급에 대한 수요 증가, 도시화 및 스마트 시티가 주도하고 있습니다.

이 보고서는 가스 크로마토그래피에 네오펜탄의 활용이 향후 몇 년동안 네오펜탄 시장 성장을 이끄는 주요 요인 중 하나라고 분석합니다. 또한, 지속 가능한 자동차로의 전환과 친환경 발포제로의 전환도 시장의 큰 수요를 창출할 것으로 예상됩니다.

목차

제1장 주요 요약

• 시장 개요

제2장 Technavio의 분석

• 가격 감응도, 수명주기, 고객 구입, 바스켓·채택 비율, 구입 기준 분석
• 인풋의 중요성과 차별화 요인
• 혼란 요인
• 성장 촉진요인과 과제의 영향

제3장 시장 구도

• 시장 생태계
• 시장 특징
• 밸류체인 분석

제4장 시장 규모

• 시장의 정의
• 시장 부문 분석
• 시장 규모(2023년)
• 시장 전망(2023-2028년)

제5장 시장 규모 실적

• 세계의 네오펜탄 시장(2018-2022년)
• 용도별 분석(2018-2022년)
• 유형별 분석(2018-2022년)
• 지역별 분석(2018-2022년)
• 국가별 분석(2018-2022년)

제6장 정성 분석

• AI의 영향 : 네오펜탄 세계 시장

제7장 Five Forces 분석

• Five Forces 요약
• 바이어의 교섭력
• 공급 기업의 교섭력
• 신규 진출업체의 위협
• 대체품의 위협
• 경쟁 위협
• 시장 현황

제8장 시장 세분화 : 용도별

• 시장 부문
• 비교 : 용도별
• 연료 및 추진제 : 시장 규모와 예측(2023-2028년)
• 용매 : 시장 규모와 예측(2023-2028년)
• 냉매 : 시장 규모와 예측(2023-2028년)
• 발포제 : 시장 규모와 예측(2023-2028년)
• 기타 : 시장 규모와 예측(2023-2028년)
• 시장 기회 : 용도별

제9장 시장 세분화 : 유형별

• 시장 부문
• 비교 : 유형별
• 기체 : 시장 규모와 예측(2023-2028년)
• 액체 : 시장 규모와 예측(2023-2028년)
• 시장 기회 : 유형별

제10장 고객 상황

• 고객 상황 개요

제11장 지역별 상황

• 지역별 세분화
• 지역별 비교
• 북미 : 시장 규모와 예측(2023-2028년)
• 유럽 : 시장 규모와 예측(2023-2028년)
• 아시아태평양 : 시장 규모와 예측(2023-2028년)
• 남미 : 시장 규모와 예측(2023-2028년)
• 중동 및 아프리카 : 시장 규모와 예측(2023-2028년)
• 미국 : 시장 규모와 예측(2023-2028년)
• 중국 : 시장 규모와 예측(2023-2028년)
• 캐나다 : 시장 규모와 예측(2023-2028년)
• 영국 : 시장 규모와 예측(2023-2028년)
• 독일 : 시장 규모와 예측(2023-2028년)
• 프랑스 : 시장 규모와 예측(2023-2028년)
• 일본 : 시장 규모와 예측(2023-2028년)
• 인도 : 시장 규모와 예측(2023-2028년)
• 러시아 : 시장 규모와 예측(2023-2028년)
• 한국 : 시장 규모와 예측(2023-2028년)
• 시장 기회 : 지역별

제12장 성장 촉진요인, 과제, 기회 및 성장 억제요인

• 시장 성장 촉진요인
• 시장이 해결해야 할 과제
• 성장 촉진요인과 과제의 영향
• 시장 기회와 성장 억제요인

제13장 경쟁 구도

• 개요
• 경쟁 구도
• 혼란 상황
• 업계 리스크

제14장 경쟁 분석

• 기업 개요
• 기업 순위 지수
• 기업의 시장 포지셔닝
• Air Liquide
• BASF SE
• Central Drug House Pvt. Ltd.
• Deluxe Industrial Gases
• Honeywell International Inc.
• Junyuan Petroleum Group
• Middlesex Gases and Technologies Inc.
• Restek Corp.
• Sigma Aldrich Chemicals Pvt. Ltd.
• Tokyo Chemical Industry Co. Ltd.
• Vizag Chemical International
• Wiley Companies
• Xiamen Hisunny Chemical Co. Ltd.
• Zhengzhou Meiya Chemical Products Co. Ltd.

제15장 부록

영문목차

Neopentane Market 2024-2028

The neopentane market is forecasted to grow by USD 444 mn during 2023-2028, accelerating at a CAGR of 5.9% during the forecast period. The report on the neopentane market provides a holistic analysis, market size and forecast, trends, growth drivers, and challenges, as well as vendor analysis covering around 25 vendors.

The report offers an up-to-date analysis regarding the current market scenario, the latest trends and drivers, and the overall market environment. The market is driven by enhancing efficiency of neopentane, increasing demand for oil supply, and urbanization and smart cities.

Technavio's neopentane market is segmented as below:

By Application

• Fuel and propellant
• Solvent
• Refrigerants
• Blowing agents
• Others

By Type

• Gas
• Liquid

By Geographical Landscape

• North America
• Europe
• APAC
• South America
• Middle East and Africa

This study identifies the application of neopentane in gas chromatography as one of the prime reasons driving the neopentane market growth during the next few years. Also, shift toward sustainable automotive practices and transition to environmentally friendly blowing agents will lead to sizable demand in the market.

The report on the neopentane market covers the following areas:

• Neopentane Market sizing
• Neopentane Market forecast
• Neopentane Market industry analysis

The robust vendor analysis is designed to help clients improve their market position, and in line with this, this report provides a detailed analysis of several leading neopentane market vendors that include Air Liquide, BASF SE, Central Drug House Pvt. Ltd., Deluxe Industrial Gases, Honeywell International Inc., Junyuan Petroleum Group, Middlesex Gases and Technologies Inc., Restek Corp., Sigma Aldrich Chemicals Pvt. Ltd., Tokyo Chemical Industry Co. Ltd., Vizag Chemical International, Wiley Companies, Xiamen Hisunny Chemical Co. Ltd., and Zhengzhou Meiya Chemical Products Co. Ltd.. Also, the neopentane market analysis report includes information on upcoming trends and challenges that will influence market growth. This is to help companies strategize and leverage all forthcoming growth opportunities.

The study was conducted using an objective combination of primary and secondary information including inputs from key participants in the industry. The report contains a comprehensive market and vendor landscape in addition to an analysis of the key vendors.

The publisher presents a detailed picture of the market by the way of study, synthesis, and summation of data from multiple sources by an analysis of key parameters such as profit, pricing, competition, and promotions. It presents various market facets by identifying the key industry influencers. The data presented is comprehensive, reliable, and a result of extensive primary and secondary research. The market research reports provide a complete competitive landscape and an in-depth vendor selection methodology and analysis using qualitative and quantitative research to forecast accurate market growth.

Table of Contents

1 Executive Summary

• 1.1 Market overview
  • Executive Summary - Chart on Market Overview
  • Executive Summary - Data Table on Market Overview
  • Executive Summary - Chart on Global Market Characteristics
  • Executive Summary - Chart on Market By Geographical Landscape
  • Executive Summary - Chart on Market Segmentation by Application
  • Executive Summary - Chart on Market Segmentation by Type
  • Executive Summary - Chart on Incremental Growth
  • Executive Summary - Data Table on Incremental Growth
  • Executive Summary - Chart on Company Market Positioning

2 Technavio Analysis

• 2.1 Analysis of price sensitivity, lifecycle, customer purchase basket, adoption rates, and purchase criteria
  • Analysis of price sensitivity, lifecycle, customer purchase basket, adoption rates, and purchase criteria
• 2.2 Criticality of inputs and Factors of differentiation
  • Overview on criticality of inputs and factors of differentiation
• 2.3 Factors of disruption
  • Overview on factors of disruption
• 2.4 Impact of drivers and challenges
  • Impact of drivers and challenges in 2023 and 2028

3 Market Landscape

• 3.1 Market ecosystem
  • Parent Market
  • Data Table on - Parent Market
• 3.2 Market characteristics
  • Market characteristics analysis
• 3.3 Value chain analysis
  • Value Chain Analysis

4 Market Sizing

• 4.1 Market definition
  • Offerings of companies included in the market definition
• 4.2 Market segment analysis
  • Market segments
• 4.3 Market size 2023
• 4.4 Market outlook: Forecast for 2023-2028
  • Chart on Global - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million)
  • Data Table on Global - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million)
  • Chart on Global Market: Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
  • Data Table on Global Market: Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)

5 Historic Market Size

• 5.1 Global Neopentane Market 2018 - 2022
  • Historic Market Size - Data Table on Global Neopentane Market 2018 - 2022 ($ million)
• 5.2 Application segment analysis 2018 - 2022
  • Historic Market Size - Application Segment 2018 - 2022 ($ million)
• 5.3 Type segment analysis 2018 - 2022
  • Historic Market Size - Type Segment 2018 - 2022 ($ million)
• 5.4 Geography segment analysis 2018 - 2022
  • Historic Market Size - Geography Segment 2018 - 2022 ($ million)
• 5.5 Country segment analysis 2018 - 2022
  • Historic Market Size - Country Segment 2018 - 2022 ($ million)

6 Qualitative Analysis

• 6.1 Impact of AI on the global neopentane market

7 Five Forces Analysis

• 7.1 Five forces summary
  • Five forces analysis - Comparison between 2023 and 2028
• 7.2 Bargaining power of buyers
  • Bargaining power of buyers - Impact of key factors 2023 and 2028
• 7.3 Bargaining power of suppliers
  • Bargaining power of suppliers - Impact of key factors in 2023 and 2028
• 7.4 Threat of new entrants
  • Threat of new entrants - Impact of key factors in 2023 and 2028
• 7.5 Threat of substitutes
  • Threat of substitutes - Impact of key factors in 2023 and 2028
• 7.6 Threat of rivalry
  • Threat of rivalry - Impact of key factors in 2023 and 2028
• 7.7 Market condition
  • Chart on Market condition - Five forces 2023 and 2028

8 Market Segmentation by Application

• 8.1 Market segments
  • Chart on Application - Market share 2023-2028 (%)
  • Data Table on Application - Market share 2023-2028 (%)
• 8.2 Comparison by Application
  • Chart on Comparison by Application
  • Data Table on Comparison by Application
• 8.3 Fuel and propellant - Market size and forecast 2023-2028
  • Chart on Fuel and propellant - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million)
  • Data Table on Fuel and propellant - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million)
  • Chart on Fuel and propellant - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
  • Data Table on Fuel and propellant - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
• 8.4 Solvent - Market size and forecast 2023-2028
  • Chart on Solvent - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million)
  • Data Table on Solvent - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million)
  • Chart on Solvent - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
  • Data Table on Solvent - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
• 8.5 Refrigerants - Market size and forecast 2023-2028
  • Chart on Refrigerants - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million)
  • Data Table on Refrigerants - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million)
  • Chart on Refrigerants - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
  • Data Table on Refrigerants - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
• 8.6 Blowing agents - Market size and forecast 2023-2028
  • Chart on Blowing agents - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million)
  • Data Table on Blowing agents - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million)
  • Chart on Blowing agents - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
  • Data Table on Blowing agents - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
• 8.7 Others - Market size and forecast 2023-2028
  • Chart on Others - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million)
  • Data Table on Others - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million)
  • Chart on Others - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
  • Data Table on Others - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
• 8.8 Market opportunity by Application
  • Market opportunity by Application ($ million)
  • Data Table on Market opportunity by Application ($ million)

9 Market Segmentation by Type

• 9.1 Market segments
  • Chart on Type - Market share 2023-2028 (%)
  • Data Table on Type - Market share 2023-2028 (%)
• 9.2 Comparison by Type
  • Chart on Comparison by Type
  • Data Table on Comparison by Type
• 9.3 Gas - Market size and forecast 2023-2028
  • Chart on Gas - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million)
  • Data Table on Gas - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million)
  • Chart on Gas - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
  • Data Table on Gas - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
• 9.4 Liquid - Market size and forecast 2023-2028
  • Chart on Liquid - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million)
  • Data Table on Liquid - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million)
  • Chart on Liquid - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
  • Data Table on Liquid - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
• 9.5 Market opportunity by Type
  • Market opportunity by Type ($ million)
  • Data Table on Market opportunity by Type ($ million)

10 Customer Landscape

• 10.1 Customer landscape overview
  • Analysis of price sensitivity, lifecycle, customer purchase basket, adoption rates, and purchase criteria

11 Geographic Landscape

• 11.1 Geographic segmentation
  • Chart on Market share By Geographical Landscape 2023-2028 (%)
  • Data Table on Market share By Geographical Landscape 2023-2028 (%)
• 11.2 Geographic comparison
  • Chart on Geographic comparison
  • Data Table on Geographic comparison
• 11.3 North America - Market size and forecast 2023-2028
  • Chart on North America - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million)
  • Data Table on North America - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million)
  • Chart on North America - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
  • Data Table on North America - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
• 11.4 Europe - Market size and forecast 2023-2028
  • Chart on Europe - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million)
  • Data Table on Europe - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million)
  • Chart on Europe - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
  • Data Table on Europe - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
• 11.5 APAC - Market size and forecast 2023-2028
  • Chart on APAC - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million)
  • Data Table on APAC - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million)
  • Chart on APAC - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
  • Data Table on APAC - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
• 11.6 South America - Market size and forecast 2023-2028
  • Chart on South America - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million)
  • Data Table on South America - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million)
  • Chart on South America - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
  • Data Table on South America - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
• 11.7 Middle East and Africa - Market size and forecast 2023-2028
  • Chart on Middle East and Africa - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million)
  • Data Table on Middle East and Africa - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million)
  • Chart on Middle East and Africa - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
  • Data Table on Middle East and Africa - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
• 11.8 US - Market size and forecast 2023-2028
  • Chart on US - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million)
  • Data Table on US - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million)
  • Chart on US - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
  • Data Table on US - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
• 11.9 China - Market size and forecast 2023-2028
  • Chart on China - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million)
  • Data Table on China - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million)
  • Chart on China - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
  • Data Table on China - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
• 11.10 Canada - Market size and forecast 2023-2028
  • Chart on Canada - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million)
  • Data Table on Canada - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million)
  • Chart on Canada - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
  • Data Table on Canada - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
• 11.11 UK - Market size and forecast 2023-2028
  • Chart on UK - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million)
  • Data Table on UK - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million)
  • Chart on UK - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
  • Data Table on UK - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
• 11.12 Germany - Market size and forecast 2023-2028
  • Chart on Germany - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million)
  • Data Table on Germany - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million)
  • Chart on Germany - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
  • Data Table on Germany - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
• 11.13 France - Market size and forecast 2023-2028
  • Chart on France - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million)
  • Data Table on France - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million)
  • Chart on France - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
  • Data Table on France - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
• 11.14 Japan - Market size and forecast 2023-2028
  • Chart on Japan - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million)
  • Data Table on Japan - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million)
  • Chart on Japan - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
  • Data Table on Japan - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
• 11.15 India - Market size and forecast 2023-2028
  • Chart on India - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million)
  • Data Table on India - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million)
  • Chart on India - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
  • Data Table on India - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
• 11.16 Russia - Market size and forecast 2023-2028
  • Chart on Russia - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million)
  • Data Table on Russia - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million)
  • Chart on Russia - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
  • Data Table on Russia - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
• 11.17 South Korea - Market size and forecast 2023-2028
  • Chart on South Korea - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million)
  • Data Table on South Korea - Market size and forecast 2023-2028 ($ million)
  • Chart on South Korea - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
  • Data Table on South Korea - Year-over-year growth 2023-2028 (%)
• 11.18 Market opportunity By Geographical Landscape
  • Market opportunity By Geographical Landscape ($ million)
  • Data Tables on Market opportunity By Geographical Landscape ($ million)

12 Drivers, Challenges, and Opportunity/Restraints

• 12.1 Market drivers
• 12.2 Market challenges
• 12.3 Impact of drivers and challenges
  • Impact of drivers and challenges in 2023 and 2028
• 12.4 Market opportunities/restraints

13 Competitive Landscape

• 13.1 Overview
• 13.2 Competitive Landscape
  • Overview on criticality of inputs and factors of differentiation
• 13.3 Landscape disruption
  • Overview on factors of disruption
• 13.4 Industry risks
  • Impact of key risks on business

14 Competitive Analysis

• 14.1 Companies profiled
  • Companies covered
• 14.2 Company ranking index
  • Company ranking index
• 14.3 Market positioning of companies
  • Matrix on companies position and classification
• 14.4 Air Liquide
  • Air Liquide - Overview
  • Air Liquide - Product / Service
  • Air Liquide - Key news
  • Air Liquide - Key offerings
  • SWOT
• 14.5 BASF SE
  • BASF SE - Overview
  • BASF SE - Business segments
  • BASF SE - Key news
  • BASF SE - Key offerings
  • BASF SE - Segment focus
  • SWOT
• 14.6 Central Drug House Pvt. Ltd.
  • Central Drug House Pvt. Ltd. - Overview
  • Central Drug House Pvt. Ltd. - Product / Service
  • Central Drug House Pvt. Ltd. - Key offerings
  • SWOT
• 14.7 Deluxe Industrial Gases
  • Deluxe Industrial Gases - Overview
  • Deluxe Industrial Gases - Product / Service
  • Deluxe Industrial Gases - Key offerings
  • SWOT
• 14.8 Honeywell International Inc.
  • Honeywell International Inc. - Overview
  • Honeywell International Inc. - Business segments
  • Honeywell International Inc. - Key news
  • Honeywell International Inc. - Key offerings
  • Honeywell International Inc. - Segment focus
  • SWOT
• 14.9 Junyuan Petroleum Group
  • Junyuan Petroleum Group - Overview
  • Junyuan Petroleum Group - Product / Service
  • Junyuan Petroleum Group - Key offerings
  • SWOT
• 14.10 Middlesex Gases and Technologies Inc.
  • Middlesex Gases and Technologies Inc. - Overview
  • Middlesex Gases and Technologies Inc. - Product / Service
  • Middlesex Gases and Technologies Inc. - Key offerings
  • SWOT
• 14.11 Restek Corp.
  • Restek Corp. - Overview
  • Restek Corp. - Product / Service
  • Restek Corp. - Key offerings
  • SWOT
• 14.12 Sigma Aldrich Chemicals Pvt. Ltd.
  • Sigma Aldrich Chemicals Pvt. Ltd. - Overview
  • Sigma Aldrich Chemicals Pvt. Ltd. - Product / Service
  • Sigma Aldrich Chemicals Pvt. Ltd. - Key offerings
  • SWOT
• 14.13 Tokyo Chemical Industry Co. Ltd.
  • Tokyo Chemical Industry Co. Ltd. - Overview
  • Tokyo Chemical Industry Co. Ltd. - Product / Service
  • Tokyo Chemical Industry Co. Ltd. - Key offerings
  • SWOT
• 14.14 Vizag Chemical International
  • Vizag Chemical International - Overview
  • Vizag Chemical International - Product / Service
  • Vizag Chemical International - Key offerings
  • SWOT
• 14.15 Wiley Companies
  • Wiley Companies - Overview
  • Wiley Companies - Product / Service
  • Wiley Companies - Key offerings
  • SWOT
• 14.16 Xiamen Hisunny Chemical Co. Ltd.
  • Xiamen Hisunny Chemical Co. Ltd. - Overview
  • Xiamen Hisunny Chemical Co. Ltd. - Product / Service
  • Xiamen Hisunny Chemical Co. Ltd. - Key offerings
  • SWOT
• 14.17 Zhengzhou Meiya Chemical Products Co. Ltd.
  • Zhengzhou Meiya Chemical Products Co. Ltd. - Overview
  • Zhengzhou Meiya Chemical Products Co. Ltd. - Product / Service
  • Zhengzhou Meiya Chemical Products Co. Ltd. - Key offerings
  • SWOT

15 Appendix

• 15.1 Scope of the report
• 15.2 Inclusions and exclusions checklist
  • Inclusions checklist
  • Exclusions checklist
• 15.3 Currency conversion rates for US$
  • Currency conversion rates for US$
• 15.4 Research methodology
  • Research methodology
• 15.5 Data procurement
  • Information sources
• 15.6 Data validation
  • Data validation
• 15.7 Validation techniques employed for market sizing
  • Validation techniques employed for market sizing
• 15.8 Data synthesis
  • Data synthesis
• 15.9 360 degree market analysis
  • 360 degree market analysis
• 15.10 List of abbreviations
  • List of abbreviations