ESG ¿ªÇ³ÀÌ °ÇØÁü¿¡ µû¶ó Àç»ý°¡´É ¿¬·á ¼Òºñ°¡ Áõ°¡ÇÒ °ÍÀ¸·Î ¿¹»óµË´Ï´Ù. ¿¹¸¦ µé¾î SAF ¼Òºñ·®Àº 2022³âºÎÅÍ 2040³â±îÁö 32%ÀÇ CAGR ¼ºÀåÀÌ ¿¹»óµË´Ï´Ù. ±× °á°ú, °ø°¡°ø, Á¤Á¦Àüȯ, µ¶¸³ÀûÀÎ Àç»ý Á¤Á¦¼Ò ¼³¸³ µîÀ» ÅëÇØ Àç»ý°¡´É ¿¬·á¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇÑ Á¦Ç° ´Ù¾çȸ¦ °ËÅäÇÏ´Â ¿øÀ¯ Á¤Á¦¼Ò°¡ Á¡Á¡ ´Ã¾î³ª°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ±×·¯³ª Àç»ý°¡´É ¿¬·á·ÎÀÇ ÀüȯÀº ¸¹Àº °úÁ¦¿Í ¼û°ÜÁø ºñ¿ëÀ» °¡Áö¸ç, Àç»ý°¡´É ¿¬·á·ÎÀÇ Àüȯ¿¡¼ °æÁ¦¼ºÀ» ¼Õ»ó½Ãų ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.
ÇöÀç ½ÃÀå¿¡¼ °¡Àå Àαâ ÀÖ´Â ¹ÙÀÌ¿À ¿¬·á´Â ¿¡Åº¿Ã, FAME ¹ÙÀÌ¿À µðÁ©, Àç»ý °¡´É µðÁ©, ¹ÙÀÌ¿À ¸Þź¿Ã ¹× Áö¼Ó °¡´ÉÇÑ Ç×°ø ¿¬·á(SAF) ´Ù¼¸ °¡ÁöÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ ¿¬·á´Â ¹ÙÀÌ¿À ¸Å½º 󸮿¡ ÀÇÇØ »ý¼ºµË´Ï´Ù. °¢ ¹ÙÀÌ¿À ¿¬·á¿¡´Â ¸¹Àº Àå´ÜÁ¡ÀÌ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ±×·¯³ª °¡Àå Áß¿äÇÑ °ÍÀº ¹ÙÀÌ¿À ¿¬·á´Â ±âÁ¸ ¿¬·á¿¡ ºñÇØ Æò»ý µ¿¾È ¹èÃâµÇ´Â ź¼Ò·®ÀÌ Àû±â ¶§¹®¿¡ Àü±â¿¡ ÀûÇÕÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀº »ê¾÷¿¡ Żź¼Ò °¡´É¼ºÀ» Á¦°øÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â Àü¸ÁÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ¹ÙÀÌ¿À ¿¬·á Żź¼ÒÈ °¡´É¼ºÀº ¼ö¿ä Áõ°¡¿Í Á¤Ã¥ Áö¿ø È®´ë·Î À̾îÁ® ¸¹Àº Á¤À¯È¸»ç°¡ Àç»ý°¡´É¿¬·á·Î Á¦Ç° ´Ù¾çȸ¦ °ËÅäÇÏ°Ô µÇ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù. Á¤À¯¼Ò ¼±Åÿ¡´Â ÄÚÇÁ·Î¼¼½Ì, ±âÁ¸ Á¤À¯¼Ò Àç»ý °¡´É ¿¡³ÊÁö·ÎÀÇ Àüȯ, ´Üµ¶ Àç»ý °¡´É ¿¡³ÊÁö ÇÁ·ÎÁ§Æ® µîÀÌ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ±âÁ¸ Á¤À¯¼Ò ÀüȯÀº »õ·Î¿î Á¤À¯¼Ò ½Ã¼³À» °Ç¼³ÇÏ´Â °Í¿¡ ºñÇØ ºñ¿ëÀ» Àý°¨ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ±×·¯³ª Àüȯ¿¡´Â ¸¹Àº °úÁ¦°¡ ¼ö¹ÝµË´Ï´Ù. Á¤À¯¼Ò Àüȯ °æÁ¦Àû ½ÇÇà °¡´É¼ºÀº ¿ø·á ±ÙÁ¢¼º, À̿밡´É¼º, °¡°Ý µîÀÇ ¿äÀο¡ ´õÇØ ±âÁ¸ ¼³ºñ¸¦ Àç»ý°¡´É ¿¬·á¿ëÀ¸·Î ¾î´À Á¤µµ °³¼öÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´ÂÁö¿¡ ´Þ·Á ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.
SAF´Â 2037³â FAME ¹ÙÀÌ¿ÀµðÁ©À» ÂÑ¾Æ 2022³âºÎÅÍ 2040³â±îÁö 32%ÀÇ CAGR ¼ºÀåÀÌ ¿¹ÃøµË´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ °·ÂÇÑ ¼ºÀåÀº Refuel EU Aviation Initiative¿Í °°Àº Ç×°ø ºÎ¹® Żź¼Òȸ¦ ¸ñÇ¥·Î ÇÏ´Â Á¤Ã¥º°·Î ÃËÁøµË´Ï´Ù. ¿¡Åº¿ÃÀº µ¿½Ã¿¡ 1.8%¶ó´Â ¿Ï¸¸ÇÑ ¼ºÀåÀ» ³ªÅ¸³»Áö¸¸, À̰ÍÀº ½Ä¿ëÀÛ¹°À» »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â °Í°ú Á¾·¡ ¿¬·á¿¡ ºñÇØ ¿¡³ÊÁö ÇÔ·®ÀÌ ºñ±³Àû ³·´Ù´Â µîÀÌ ¿¬·á ´ÜÁ¡À» ¹Ý¿µÇÏ¿© ¿¬·á ¼Òºñ¿Í Àü¹ÝÀûÀÎ ÅõÀÚ ºñ¿ëÀÌ Áõ°¡ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.
¼¼°èÀÇ Àç»ý Á¤Á¦¼Ò ¼ö´Â 2020³â 42¿¡¼ 2030³â 187¿¡ À̸¦ °ÍÀ¸·Î ¿¹»óµË´Ï´Ù. ¹Ì±¹Àº 2030³â Àç»ý°¡´ÉÇÑ ¿¬·á »ý»ê ´É·ÂÀÇ 45%¸¦ Â÷ÁöÇϸç, »ý»ê¸é¿¡¼ °è¼Ó Áö¹èÀûÀÔ´Ï´Ù.
¼¼°èÀÇ ¹ÙÀÌ¿À ¿¬·á ¹× Àç»ý Á¤Á¦¼Ò(Biofuels and Renewable Refineries) ½ÃÀåÀ» Á¶»çÇßÀ¸¸ç, ¹ÙÀÌ¿À ¿¬·áÀÇ Àå´ÜÁ¡, ¹ÙÀÌ¿À ¿¬·á ½ÃÀå Àü¸Á, ¹ÙÀÌ¿À ¿¬·á ¼Òºñ µ¿Çâ, Àç»ý°¡´É ¿¬·á ½ÃÀå »óȲ, ÁøÃâ±â¾÷°ú ÇâÈÄ Àü¸Á µîÀ» Á¦°øÇÕ´Ï´Ù.
Amid strengthening ESG headwinds, consumption of renewable fuels is expected to rise. For example, consumption of SAFs is expected to increase at a CAGR of 32% between 2022 and 2040. As a result, more and more crude oil refineries are considering diversifying their product offerings to include renewable fuels through coprocessing, refinery conversion, and the establishment of standalone renewable refineries. However, the switch to renewable fuels holds a number of challenges and hidden costs that could undermine the economic viability of switching to renewable fuels.
The five biofuels that are most prevalent within the current market are ethanol, FAME biodiesel, renewable diesel, biomethanol, and sustainable aviation fuels (SAFs). These fuels are generated through the processing of biomass. Each biofuel contains a number of advantages and disadvantages. However, most key is that biofuels produce less carbon emissions over their lifetime than conventional fuels and so offer decarbonization potential to industries that are unsuitable for electrification. The decarbonization potential of biofuels has led to their increasing demand and growing policy support, leading many refiners to consider diversifying their products to renewable fuels. Options for refiners include co-processing, conversion of conventional refineries to renewable refineries, and standalone renewable refinery projects. Converting existing refineries offers potential cost savings compared to building new refinery facilities. However, there are a number of challenges that accompany conversion. The economic viability of refinery conversion will hinge on factors such as feedstock proximity, availability and price as well as the degree to which legacy equipment can be retrofitted for renewable fuels.