세계의 PFAS, PFAS 대체품, PFAS 처리 시장(2025-2035년)

The Global Market for Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS), PFAS Alternatives and PFAS Treatment 2025-2035

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한글목차

현재 PFAS 소재는 반도체, 섬유, 식품 포장, 전자, 자동차 부문을 포함한 다양한 산업에서 발수 코팅부터 핵심 기술을 위한 고성능 소재에 이르기까지 다양한 용도로 사용되고 있으며, 여전히 중요한 역할을 하고 있습니다. 시장 역학은 특히 엄격한 규제로 인해 기존 PFAS로부터의 전환이 가속화되고 있는 유럽과 북미를 중심으로 한 지역의 규제 프레임워크에 큰 영향을 받고 있습니다. 반도체 산업은 중요한 사용 사례 중 하나이며, PFAS는 여전히 첨단 제조 공정에 필수적이지만, 대체품 개발을 위한 활동이 진행되고 있습니다. 마찬가지로, 자동차 및 전자 부문도 적극적으로 대체품을 찾고 있지만, 특정 용도에 PFAS에 대한 의존도를 계속 유지하고 있습니다.

PFAS 대체품 시장은 빠르게 성장하고 있으며, 여러 분야에서 혁신적인 솔루션이 등장하고 있습니다. 여기에는 실리콘 기반 소재, 탄화수소 기술, 바이오 기반 대체품, 새로운 폴리머 시스템 등이 포함됩니다. 섬유 및 식품 포장 산업은 소비자 인식과 규제 요건에 힘입어 PFAS가 없는 대체품으로의 전환을 주도하고 있습니다. PFAS 처리/복원 기술은 환경 오염을 해결해야 할 필요성에 따라 성장하고 있는 시장 부문으로, 많은 응용 분야에서 기술적 성능 격차와 비용 문제가 여전히 큰 도전과제로 남아 있습니다. 현재 기술에는 첨단 산화 공정, 막 여과, 흡착 시스템, 새로운 파괴 기술 등이 있습니다. 특히 수처리 부문에서는 PFAS 제거 기술에 많은 투자가 이루어지고 있습니다.

2035년까지 시장은 크게 변화할 것으로 예상됩니다. 기존 PFAS의 사용은 필수적이지 않은 응용 분야에서 크게 감소할 것으로 예상되는 반면, 대체품 시장은 강력하게 성장할 것으로 예상됩니다. 반도체 및 의료기기와 같은 중요한 산업에서 대체품이 아직 실용적이지 않은 특정 PFAS 용도는 유지될 수 있지만, 관리 및 봉쇄 조치가 강화될 것입니다.

처리 기술 시장은 환경 규제 강화와 복원 요구의 증가로 인해 크게 확대될 것으로 예상됩니다. 처리 방법, 특히 파괴 기술 및 생물 친화적 접근 방식에 대한 기술 혁신이 가속화되어 보다 비용 효율적이고 효율적인 솔루션이 등장할 가능성이 높습니다. 산업계의 주요 과제는 중요한 응용 분야에서 PFAS의 성능에 상응하는 대체품 개발, 전환 비용 관리, 효과적인 처리 솔루션 확보 등이 될 것입니다. 시장 전망은 지역과 용도에 따라 크게 다르며, 선진국 시장이 대체품으로의 전환을 주도하는 반면, 신흥국 시장은 특정 용도에서 PFAS를 계속 사용할 가능성이 있습니다. 이 진화하는 시장에서의 성공은 기술 혁신, 규제 준수 능력, 성능 요구 사항과 환경적 고려사항의 균형을 맞추는 능력에 달려 있습니다. 지속가능한 솔루션을 개발하면서 이러한 과제를 효과적으로 극복할 수 있는 기업은 대체재와 처리 기술 모두에서 큰 시장 기회를 확보할 수 있을 것입니다.

업계의 미래는 지속적인 규제 진화, 기술 발전, 지속가능한 솔루션에 대한 강조로 인해 2035년까지 PFAS 사용 감소, 대체품의 광범위한 채택, 첨단 처리 능력으로 특징지어지는 시장 환경의 변화로 이어질 것으로 예상됩니다.

본 보고서는 세계 PFAS, PFAS 대체품 및 PFAS 처리 시장에 대해 조사하고, 새로운 PFAS 대체품 및 처리 기술에 대한 상세한 검토를 포함하여 세계 PFAS 부문에 대한 상세한 분석을 제공합니다. 또한, 시장 동향, 규제 영향, 기술 개발에 대한 전략적 인사이트를 제공합니다.

목차

제1장 주요 요약

• PFAS 소개
• PFAS의 정의와 개요
• PFAS 유형
• PFAS 특성과 용도
• 환경과 건강에 대한 우려
• PFAS 대체품
• 분석 기술
• 제조/취급/수입/수출
• 보관/폐기/처리/정화
• 수질 관리
• 대체 기술과 공급망

제2장 세계의 규제 상황

• PFAS 규제 확대의 영향
• 국제 협정
• 유럽연합의 규제
• 미국의 규제
• 아시아의 규제
• 세계의 규제 동향과 전망

제3장 특정 업계에서의 PFAS 사용

• 반도체
• 텍스타일·의류
• 식품 포장
• 페인트 및 코팅
• 이온교환막
• 에너지(연료전지 제외)
• 5G용 저손실 재료
• 화장품
• 소화거품
• 자동차
• 전자
• 의료기기
• 그린 수소

제4장 PFAS 대체품

• PFAS 프리 이형제
• 비불소계 계면활성제, 분산제
• PFAS 프리 발수/발유 재료
• 불소 프리 발수 표면
• PFAS 프리 무색 투명 폴리이미드

제5장 PFAS 분해와 제거

• 현재 PFAS 분해와 제거 방법
• 생물 친화적인 방법
• 기업

제6장 PFAS 처리

• 소개
• PFAS에 의한 환경오염 경로
• 규칙
• PFAS 수처리
• PFAS 고체 처리
• 기업

제7장 세계 시장 분석과 향후 전망

• 현재 시장 규모와 세분화
• 시장 역학에 대한 규제의 영향
• 최신 동향과 기회
• PFAS 대체품에 대한 과제와 장벽
• 향후 시장 예측

제8장 기업 개요(기업 49개사 프로파일)

제9장 조사 방법

제10장 참고문헌

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영문 목차

영문목차

Currently, PFAS materials remain crucial in various industries including semiconductors, textiles, food packaging, electronics, and automotive sectors, with applications ranging from water-repellent coatings to high-performance materials for critical technologies. Market dynamics are heavily influenced by regional regulatory frameworks, particularly in Europe and North America, where stringent regulations are accelerating the transition away from traditional PFAS. The semiconductor industry represents a critical use case, where PFAS remains essential for advanced manufacturing processes, though efforts are underway to develop alternatives. Similarly, the automotive and electronics sectors continue to rely on PFAS for specific applications while actively pursuing substitutes.

The PFAS alternatives market is experiencing rapid growth, with innovative solutions emerging across multiple sectors. These include silicon-based materials, hydrocarbon technologies, bio-based alternatives, and novel polymer systems. The textiles and food packaging industries are leading the transition to PFAS-free alternatives, driven by consumer awareness and regulatory requirements. However, technical performance gaps and cost considerations remain significant challenges in many applications. PFAS treatment and remediation technologies represent a growing market segment, driven by the need to address environmental contamination. Current technologies include advanced oxidation processes, membrane filtration, adsorption systems, and emerging destruction technologies. The water treatment sector, in particular, is seeing significant investment in PFAS removal technologies.

Looking toward 2035, the market is expected to undergo substantial changes. Traditional PFAS usage is projected to decline significantly in non-essential applications, while the alternatives market is forecast to experience robust growth. Critical industries like semiconductors and medical devices may retain specific PFAS applications where alternatives are not yet viable, but with enhanced controls and containment measures.

The treatment technologies market is expected to expand considerably, driven by stricter environmental regulations and growing remediation requirements. Innovation in treatment methods, particularly in destruction technologies and bio-friendly approaches, is likely to accelerate, leading to more cost-effective and efficient solutions. Key challenges for the industry include developing alternatives that match PFAS performance in critical applications, managing transition costs, and ensuring effective treatment solutions. The market outlook varies significantly by region and application, with developed markets leading the transition to alternatives while emerging markets may continue PFAS use in certain applications. Success in this evolving market will depend on technological innovation, regulatory compliance capabilities, and the ability to balance performance requirements with environmental considerations. Companies that can effectively navigate these challenges while developing sustainable solutions are likely to capture significant market opportunities in both alternatives and treatment technologies.

The industry's future will be shaped by continued regulatory evolution, technological advancement, and growing emphasis on sustainable solutions, leading to a transformed market landscape by 2035 characterized by reduced PFAS usage, widespread adoption of alternatives, and advanced treatment capabilities.

"The Global Market for Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS), PFAS Alternatives and PFAS Treatment 2025-2035" provides an in-depth analysis of the global PFAS sector, including detailed examination of emerging PFAS alternatives and treatment technologies. The study offers strategic insights into market trends, regulatory impacts, and technological developments shaping the industry through 2035.

Report contents include:

• Comprehensive overview of PFAS chemical structures, properties, and historical development
• Detailed classification of PFAS types, including long-chain, short-chain, polymeric and non-polymeric variants
• Analysis of unique PFAS properties driving industrial applications
• Examination of environmental persistence, bioaccumulation, and health concerns
• Global Regulatory Landscape
  • Current and emerging regulations across major markets including the US, EU, and Asia
  • Impact assessment of regulatory changes on market dynamics
  • State-level regulatory developments in the United States
  • International agreements and collaborative frameworks
• Industry-Specific PFAS Usage and Alternatives
  • Detailed analysis of PFAS applications and alternative solutions across 13 critical sectors:
    • Semiconductors and electronics
    • Textiles and clothing
    • Food packaging
    • Paints and coatings
    • Ion exchange membranes
    • Energy (excluding fuel cells)
    • Low-loss materials for 5G
    • Cosmetics
    • Firefighting foam
    • Automotive (including electric vehicles)
    • Medical devices
    • Green hydrogen
    • Electronics
• PFAS Alternatives Market
  • Technical assessment of non-fluorinated alternatives:
    • PFAS-free release agents
    • Non-fluorinated surfactants and dispersants
    • Water and oil-repellent materials
    • Fluorine-free liquid-repellent surfaces
    • PFAS-free colorless transparent polyimide
• PFAS Degradation and Elimination
  • Current methodologies for PFAS degradation
  • Bio-friendly remediation approaches:
    • Phytoremediation and microbial degradation
    • Enzyme-based solutions
    • Mycoremediation
    • Green oxidation methods
• PFAS Treatment Market
  • Detailed market forecasts for PFAS treatment (2025-2035)
  • Analysis of contamination pathways and global regulatory standards
  • Comprehensive review of water treatment technologies:
    • Traditional removal technologies (GAC, ion exchange, membrane filtration)
    • Emerging removal technologies
    • Destruction technologies (electrochemical oxidation, SCWO, plasma treatment)
    • Solid treatment technologies and market projections
• Market Analysis and Future Outlook
  • Current market size and segmentation across regions and industries
  • Impact of regulations on market dynamics
  • Emerging trends and opportunities in green chemistry and circular economy
  • Challenge assessment for PFAS substitution
  • Short-term (1-3 years), medium-term (3-5 years), and long-term (5-10 years) market projections
• Company Profiles. Details of over 500 companies involved in the PFAS, PFAS Alternatives and PFAS Treatment supply chain plus in-depth profiles of 49 companies including 374Water, Aclarity, AquaBlok, Aquagga, Aqua Metrology Systems (AMS), AECOM, Aether Biomachines, Allonia, BioLargo, Cabot Corporation, Calgon Carbon, Claros Technologies, CoreWater Technologies, Cornelsen Umwelttechnologie GmbH, Cyclopure, Desotec, Dmax Plasma, DuPont, ECT2 (Montrose Environmental Group), Element Six, EPOC Enviro, Evoqua Water Technologies, Framergy, General Atomics, Gradiant, Greenlab, Haycarb, InEnTec, Inhance Technologies, Jacobi Group, Kuraray, Lanxess AG, Memsys Water Technologies GmbH, Myconaut, Onvector, OXbyEL Technologies, Ovivo, Oxyle AG and more...

Who Should Read This Report:

• Chemical manufacturers and suppliers
• Environmental engineering firms
• Water and waste treatment companies
• Regulatory compliance professionals
• Sustainability executives
• Product development specialists
• Research and academic institutions
• Environmental consultants
• Investment and financial analysts
• Industry associations and NGOs

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

• 1.1. Introduction to PFAS
• 1.2. Definition and Overview of PFAS
  • 1.2.1. Chemical Structure and Properties
  • 1.2.2. Historical Development and Use
• 1.3. Types of PFAS
  • 1.3.1. Non-polymeric PFAS
    • 1.3.1.1. Long-Chain PFAS
    • 1.3.1.2. Short-Chain PFAS
    • 1.3.1.3. Other non-polymeric PFAS
  • 1.3.2. Polymeric PFAS
    • 1.3.2.1. Fluoropolymers (FPs)
    • 1.3.2.2. Side-chain fluorinated polymers:
    • 1.3.2.3. Perfluoropolyethers
• 1.4. Properties and Applications of PFAS
  • 1.4.1. Water and Oil Repellency
  • 1.4.2. Thermal and Chemical Stability
  • 1.4.3. Surfactant Properties
  • 1.4.4. Low Friction
  • 1.4.5. Electrical Insulation
  • 1.4.6. Film-Forming Abilities
  • 1.4.7. Atmospheric Stability
• 1.5. Environmental and Health Concerns
  • 1.5.1. Persistence in the Environment
  • 1.5.2. Bioaccumulation
  • 1.5.3. Toxicity and Health Effects
  • 1.5.4. Environmental Contamination
• 1.6. PFAS Alternatives
• 1.7. Analytical techniques
• 1.8. Manufacturing/handling/import/export
• 1.9. Storage/disposal/treatment/purification
• 1.10. Water quality management
• 1.11. Alternative technologies and supply chains

2. GLOBAL REGULATORY LANDSCAPE

• 2.1. Impact of growing PFAS regulation
• 2.2. International Agreements
• 2.3. European Union Regulations
• 2.4. United States Regulations
  • 2.4.1. Federal regulations
  • 2.4.2. State-Level Regulations
• 2.5. Asian Regulations
  • 2.5.1. Japan
    • 2.5.1.1. Chemical Substances Control Law (CSCL)
    • 2.5.1.2. Water Quality Standards
  • 2.5.2. China
    • 2.5.2.1. List of New Contaminants Under Priority Control
    • 2.5.2.2. Catalog of Toxic Chemicals Under Severe Restrictions
    • 2.5.2.3. New Pollutants Control Action Plan
  • 2.5.3. Taiwan
    • 2.5.3.1. Toxic and Chemical Substances of Concern Act
  • 2.5.4. Australia and New Zealand
  • 2.5.5. Canada
  • 2.5.6. South Korea
• 2.6. Global Regulatory Trends and Outlook

3. INDUSTRY-SPECIFIC PFAS USAGE

• 3.1. Semiconductors
  • 3.1.1. Importance of PFAS
  • 3.1.2. Front-end processes
    • 3.1.2.1. Lithography
    • 3.1.2.2. Wet etching solutions
    • 3.1.2.3. Chiller coolants for dry etchers
    • 3.1.2.4. Piping and valves
  • 3.1.3. Back-end processes
    • 3.1.3.1. Interconnects and Packaging Materials
    • 3.1.3.2. Molding materials
    • 3.1.3.3. Die attach materials
    • 3.1.3.4. Interlayer film for package substrates
    • 3.1.3.5. Thermal management
  • 3.1.4. Product life cycle and impact of PFAS
    • 3.1.4.1. Manufacturing Stage (Raw Materials)
    • 3.1.4.2. Usage Stage (Semiconductor Factory)
    • 3.1.4.3. Disposal Stage
  • 3.1.5. Environmental and Human Health Impacts
  • 3.1.6. Regulatory Trends Related to Semiconductors
  • 3.1.7. Exemptions
  • 3.1.8. Future Regulatory Trends
  • 3.1.9. Alternatives to PFAS
    • 3.1.9.1. Alkyl Polyglucoside and Polyoxyethylene Surfactants
    • 3.1.9.2. Non-PFAS Etching Solutions
    • 3.1.9.3. PTFE-Free Sliding Materials
    • 3.1.9.4. Metal oxide-based materials
    • 3.1.9.5. Fluoropolymer Alternatives
    • 3.1.9.6. Silicone-based Materials
    • 3.1.9.7. Hydrocarbon-based Surfactants
    • 3.1.9.8. Carbon Nanotubes and Graphene
    • 3.1.9.9. Engineered Polymers
    • 3.1.9.10. Supercritical CO2 Technology
    • 3.1.9.11. Plasma Technologies
    • 3.1.9.12. Sol-Gel Materials
    • 3.1.9.13. Biodegradable Polymers
• 3.2. Textiles and Clothing
  • 3.2.1. Overview
  • 3.2.2. PFAS in Water-Repellent Materials
  • 3.2.3. Stain-Resistant Treatments
  • 3.2.4. Regulatory Impact on Water-Repellent Clothing
  • 3.2.5. Industry Initiatives and Commitments
  • 3.2.6. Alternatives to PFAS
    • 3.2.6.1. Enhanced surface treatments
    • 3.2.6.2. Non-fluorinated treatments
    • 3.2.6.3. Biomimetic approaches
    • 3.2.6.4. Nano-structured surfaces
    • 3.2.6.5. Wax-based additives
    • 3.2.6.6. Plasma treatments
    • 3.2.6.7. Sol-gel coatings
    • 3.2.6.8. Superhydrophobic coatings
    • 3.2.6.9. Biodegradable Polymer Coatings
    • 3.2.6.10. Graphene-based Coatings
    • 3.2.6.11. Enzyme-based Treatments
    • 3.2.6.12. Companies
• 3.3. Food Packaging
  • 3.3.1. Sustainable packaging
    • 3.3.1.1. PFAS in Grease-Resistant Packaging
    • 3.3.1.2. Other applications
    • 3.3.1.3. Regulatory Trends in Food Contact Materials
  • 3.3.2. Alternatives to PFAS
    • 3.3.2.1. Biobased materials
      • 3.3.2.1.1. Polylactic Acid (PLA)
      • 3.3.2.1.2. Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs)
      • 3.3.2.1.3. Cellulose-based materials
        • 3.3.2.1.3.1. Nano-fibrillated cellulose (NFC)
        • 3.3.2.1.3.2. Bacterial Nanocellulose (BNC)
      • 3.3.2.1.4. Silicon-based Alternatives
      • 3.3.2.1.5. Natural Waxes and Resins
      • 3.3.2.1.6. Engineered Paper and Board
      • 3.3.2.1.7. Nanocomposites
      • 3.3.2.1.8. Plasma Treatments
      • 3.3.2.1.9. Biodegradable Polymer Blends
      • 3.3.2.1.10. Chemically Modified Natural Polymers
      • 3.3.2.1.11. Molded Fiber
    • 3.3.2.2. PFAS-free coatings for food packaging
      • 3.3.2.2.1. Silicone-based Coatings:
      • 3.3.2.2.2. Bio-based Barrier Coatings
      • 3.3.2.2.3. Nanocellulose Coatings
      • 3.3.2.2.4. Superhydrophobic and Omniphobic Coatings
      • 3.3.2.2.5. Clay-based Nanocomposite Coatings
      • 3.3.2.2.6. Coated Papers
    • 3.3.2.3. Companies
• 3.4. Paints and Coatings
  • 3.4.1. Overview
  • 3.4.2. Applications
  • 3.4.3. Alternatives to PFAS
    • 3.4.3.1. Silicon-Based Alternatives:
    • 3.4.3.2. Hydrocarbon-Based Alternatives:
    • 3.4.3.3. Nanomaterials
    • 3.4.3.4. Plasma-Based Surface Treatments
    • 3.4.3.5. Inorganic Alternatives
    • 3.4.3.6. Bio-based Polymers:
    • 3.4.3.7. Dendritic Polymers
    • 3.4.3.8. Zwitterionic Polymers
    • 3.4.3.9. Graphene-based Coatings
    • 3.4.3.10. Hybrid Organic-Inorganic Coatings
    • 3.4.3.11. Companies
• 3.5. Ion Exchange membranes
  • 3.5.1. Overview
    • 3.5.1.1. PFAS in Ion Exchange Membranes
  • 3.5.2. Proton Exchange Membranes
    • 3.5.2.1. Overview
    • 3.5.2.2. Proton Exchange Membrane Electrolyzers (PEMELs)
    • 3.5.2.3. Membrane Degradation
    • 3.5.2.4. Nafion
    • 3.5.2.5. Membrane electrode assembly (MEA)
  • 3.5.3. Manufacturing PFSA Membranes
  • 3.5.4. Enhancing PFSA Membranes
  • 3.5.5. Commercial PFSA membranes
  • 3.5.6. Catalyst Coated Membranes
    • 3.5.6.1. Alternatives to PFAS
  • 3.5.7. Membranes in Redox Flow Batteries
    • 3.5.7.1. Alternative Materials for RFB Membranes
  • 3.5.8. Alternatives to PFAS
    • 3.5.8.1. Alternative Polymer Materials
    • 3.5.8.2. Anion Exchange Membrane Technology (AEM) fuel cells
    • 3.5.8.3. Nanocellulose
    • 3.5.8.4. Boron-containing membranes
    • 3.5.8.5. Hydrocarbon-based membranes
    • 3.5.8.6. Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs)
      • 3.5.8.6.1. MOF Composite Membranes
    • 3.5.8.7. Graphene
    • 3.5.8.8. Companies
• 3.6. Energy (excluding fuel cells)
  • 3.6.1. Overview
  • 3.6.2. Solar Panels
  • 3.6.3. Wind Turbines
    • 3.6.3.1. Blade Coatings
    • 3.6.3.2. Lubricants and Greases
    • 3.6.3.3. Electrical and Electronic Components
    • 3.6.3.4. Seals and Gaskets
  • 3.6.4. Lithium-Ion Batteries
    • 3.6.4.1. Electrode Binders
    • 3.6.4.2. Electrolyte Additives
    • 3.6.4.3. Separator Coatings
    • 3.6.4.4. Current Collector Coatings
    • 3.6.4.5. Gaskets and Seals
    • 3.6.4.6. Fluorinated Solvents in Electrode Manufacturing
    • 3.6.4.7. Surface Treatments
  • 3.6.5. Alternatives to PFAS
    • 3.6.5.1. Solar
      • 3.6.5.1.1. Ethylene Vinyl Acetate (EVA) Encapsulants
      • 3.6.5.1.2. Polyolefin Encapsulants
      • 3.6.5.1.3. Glass-Glass Module Design
      • 3.6.5.1.4. Bio-based Backsheets
    • 3.6.5.2. Wind Turbines
      • 3.6.5.2.1. Silicone-Based Coatings
      • 3.6.5.2.2. Nanocoatings
      • 3.6.5.2.3. Thermal De-icing Systems
      • 3.6.5.2.4. Polyurethane-Based Coatings
    • 3.6.5.3. Lithium-Ion Batteries
      • 3.6.5.3.1. Water-Soluble Binders
      • 3.6.5.3.2. Polyacrylic Acid (PAA) Based Binders
      • 3.6.5.3.3. Alginate-Based Binders
      • 3.6.5.3.4. Ionic Liquid Electrolytes
    • 3.6.5.4. Companies
• 3.7. Low-loss materials for 5G
  • 3.7.1. Overview
    • 3.7.1.1. Organic PCB materials for 5G
  • 3.7.2. PTFE in 5G
    • 3.7.2.1. Properties
    • 3.7.2.2. PTFE-Based Laminates
    • 3.7.2.3. Regulations
    • 3.7.2.4. Commercial low-loss
  • 3.7.3. Alternatives to PFAS
    • 3.7.3.1. Liquid crystal polymers (LCP)
    • 3.7.3.2. Poly(p-phenylene ether) (PPE)
    • 3.7.3.3. Poly(p-phenylene oxide) (PPO)
    • 3.7.3.4. Hydrocarbon-based laminates
    • 3.7.3.5. Low Temperature Co-fired Ceramics (LTCC)
    • 3.7.3.6. Glass Substrates
• 3.8. Cosmetics
  • 3.8.1. Overview
  • 3.8.2. Use in cosmetics
  • 3.8.3. Alternatives to PFAS
    • 3.8.3.1. Silicone-based Polymers
    • 3.8.3.2. Plant-based Waxes and Oils
    • 3.8.3.3. Naturally Derived Polymers
    • 3.8.3.4. Silica-based Materials
    • 3.8.3.5. Companies Developing PFAS Alternatives in Cosmetics
• 3.9. Firefighting Foam
  • 3.9.1. Overview
  • 3.9.2. Aqueous Film-Forming Foam (AFFF)
  • 3.9.3. Environmental Contamination from AFFF Use
  • 3.9.4. Regulatory Pressures and Phase-Out Initiatives
  • 3.9.5. Alternatives to PFAS
    • 3.9.5.1. Fluorine-Free Foams (F3)
    • 3.9.5.2. Siloxane-Based Foams
    • 3.9.5.3. Protein-Based Foams
    • 3.9.5.4. Synthetic Detergent Foams (Syndet)
    • 3.9.5.5. Compressed Air Foam Systems (CAFS)
• 3.10. Automotive
  • 3.10.1. Overview
  • 3.10.2. PFAS in Lubricants and Hydraulic Fluids
  • 3.10.3. Use in Fuel Systems and Engine Components
  • 3.10.4. Electric Vehicle
    • 3.10.4.1. PFAS in Electric Vehicles
    • 3.10.4.2. High-Voltage Cables
    • 3.10.4.3. Refrigerants
      • 3.10.4.3.1. Coolant Fluids in EVs
      • 3.10.4.3.2. Refrigerants for EVs
      • 3.10.4.3.3. Regulations
      • 3.10.4.3.4. PFAS-free Refrigerants
    • 3.10.4.4. Immersion Cooling for Li-ion Batteries
      • 3.10.4.4.1. Overview
      • 3.10.4.4.2. Single-phase Cooling
      • 3.10.4.4.3. Two-phase Cooling
      • 3.10.4.4.4. Companies
      • 3.10.4.4.5. PFAS-based Coolants in Immersion Cooling for EVs
  • 3.10.5. Alternatives to PFAS
    • 3.10.5.1. Lubricants and Greases
    • 3.10.5.2. Fuel System Components
    • 3.10.5.3. Surface Treatments and Coatings
    • 3.10.5.4. Gaskets and Seals
    • 3.10.5.5. Hydraulic Fluids
    • 3.10.5.6. Electrical and Electronic Components
    • 3.10.5.7. Paint and Coatings
    • 3.10.5.8. Windshield and Glass Treatments
• 3.11. Electronics
  • 3.11.1. Overview
  • 3.11.2. PFAS in Printed Circuit Boards
  • 3.11.3. Cable and Wire Insulation
  • 3.11.4. Regulatory Challenges for Electronics Manufacturers
  • 3.11.5. Alternatives to PFAS
    • 3.11.5.1. Wires and Cables
    • 3.11.5.2. Coating
    • 3.11.5.3. Electronic Components
    • 3.11.5.4. Sealing and Lubricants
    • 3.11.5.5. Cleaning
    • 3.11.5.6. Companies
• 3.12. Medical Devices
  • 3.12.1. Overview
  • 3.12.2. PFAS in Implantable Devices
  • 3.12.3. Diagnostic Equipment Applications
  • 3.12.4. Balancing Safety and Performance in Regulations
  • 3.12.5. Alternatives to PFAS
• 3.13. Green hydrogen
  • 3.13.1. Electrolyzers
  • 3.13.2. Alternatives to PFAS
  • 3.13.3. Economic implications

4. PFAS ALTERNATIVES

• 4.1. PFAS-Free Release Agents
  • 4.1.1. Silicone-Based Alternatives
  • 4.1.2. Hydrocarbon-Based Solutions
  • 4.1.3. Performance Comparisons
• 4.2. Non-Fluorinated Surfactants and Dispersants
  • 4.2.1. Bio-Based Surfactants
  • 4.2.2. Silicon-Based Surfactants
  • 4.2.3. Hydrocarbon-Based Surfactants
• 4.3. PFAS-Free Water and Oil-Repellent Materials
  • 4.3.1. Dendrimers and Hyperbranched Polymers
  • 4.3.2. PFA-Free Durable Water Repellent (DWR) Coatings
  • 4.3.3. Silicone-Based Repellents
  • 4.3.4. Nano-Structured Surfaces
• 4.4. Fluorine-Free Liquid-Repellent Surfaces
  • 4.4.1. Superhydrophobic Coatings
  • 4.4.2. Omniphobic Surfaces
  • 4.4.3. Slippery Liquid-Infused Porous Surfaces (SLIPS)
• 4.5. PFAS-Free Colorless Transparent Polyimide
  • 4.5.1. Novel Polymer Structures
  • 4.5.2. Applications in Flexible Electronics

5. PFAS DEGRADATION AND ELIMINATION

• 5.1. Current methods for PFAS degradation and elimination
• 5.2. Bio-friendly methods
  • 5.2.1. Phytoremediation
  • 5.2.2. Microbial Degradation
  • 5.2.3. Enzyme-Based Degradation
  • 5.2.4. Mycoremediation
  • 5.2.5. Biochar Adsorption
  • 5.2.6. Green Oxidation Methods
  • 5.2.7. Bio-based Adsorbents
  • 5.2.8. Algae-Based Systems
• 5.3. Companies

6. PFAS TREATMENT

• 6.1. Introduction
• 6.2. Pathways for PFAS environmental contamination
• 6.3. Regulations
  • 6.3.1. USA
  • 6.3.2. EU
  • 6.3.3. Rest of the World
• 6.4. PFAS water treatment
  • 6.4.1. Introduction
  • 6.4.2. Market Forecast 2025-2035
  • 6.4.3. Applications
    • 6.4.3.1. Drinking water
    • 6.4.3.2. Aqueous film forming foam (AFFF)
    • 6.4.3.3. Landfill leachate
    • 6.4.3.4. Municipal wastewater treatment
    • 6.4.3.5. Industrial process and wastewater
    • 6.4.3.6. Sites with heavy PFAS contamination
    • 6.4.3.7. Point-of-use (POU) and point-of-entry (POE) filters and systems
  • 6.4.4. PFAS treatment approaches
  • 6.4.5. Traditional removal technologies
    • 6.4.5.1. Adsorption: granular activated carbon (GAC)
      • 6.4.5.1.1. Sources
      • 6.4.5.1.2. Short-chain PFAS compounds
      • 6.4.5.1.3. Reactivation
      • 6.4.5.1.4. PAC systems
    • 6.4.5.2. Adsorption: ion exchange resins (IER)
      • 6.4.5.2.1. Pre-treatment
      • 6.4.5.2.2. Resins
    • 6.4.5.3. Membrane filtration-reverse osmosis and nanofiltration
  • 6.4.6. Emerging removal technologies
    • 6.4.6.1. Foam fractionation and ozofractionation
      • 6.4.6.1.1. Polymeric sorbents
      • 6.4.6.1.2. Mineral-based sorbents
      • 6.4.6.1.3. Flocculation/coagulation
      • 6.4.6.1.4. Electrostatic coagulation/concentration
    • 6.4.6.2. Companies
  • 6.4.7. Destruction technologies
    • 6.4.7.1. PFAS waste management
    • 6.4.7.2. Landfilling of PFAS-containing waste
    • 6.4.7.3. Thermal treatment
    • 6.4.7.4. Liquid-phase PFAS destruction
    • 6.4.7.5. Electrochemical oxidation
    • 6.4.7.6. Supercritical water oxidation (SCWO)
    • 6.4.7.7. Hydrothermal alkaline treatment (HALT)
    • 6.4.7.8. Plasma treatment
    • 6.4.7.9. Photocatalysis
    • 6.4.7.10. Sonochemical oxidation
    • 6.4.7.11. Challenges
    • 6.4.7.12. Companies
• 6.5. PFAS Solids Treatment
  • 6.5.1. Market Forecast 2025-2035
  • 6.5.2. PFAS migration
  • 6.5.3. Soil washing (or soil scrubbing)
  • 6.5.4. Soil flushing
  • 6.5.5. Thermal desorption
  • 6.5.6. Phytoremediation
  • 6.5.7. In-situ immobilization
  • 6.5.8. Pyrolysis and gasification
  • 6.5.9. Plasma
  • 6.5.10. Supercritical water oxidation (SCWO)
• 6.6. Companies

7. GLOBAL MARKET ANALYSIS AND FUTURE OUTLOOK

• 7.1. Current Market Size and Segmentation
  • 7.1.1. Global PFAS Market Overview
  • 7.1.2. Regional Market Analysis
    • 7.1.2.1. North America
    • 7.1.2.2. Europe
    • 7.1.2.3. Asia-Pacific
    • 7.1.2.4. Latin America
    • 7.1.2.5. Middle East and Africa
  • 7.1.3. Market Segmentation by Industry
    • 7.1.3.1. Textiles and Apparel
    • 7.1.3.2. Food Packaging
    • 7.1.3.3. Firefighting Foams
    • 7.1.3.4. Electronics & semiconductors
    • 7.1.3.5. Automotive
    • 7.1.3.6. Aerospace
    • 7.1.3.7. Construction
    • 7.1.3.8. Others
  • 7.1.4. Global PFAS Treatment Market Overview
    • 7.1.4.1. Regional PFAS Treatment Market Analysis
      • 7.1.4.1.1. North America
      • 7.1.4.1.2. Europe
      • 7.1.4.1.3. Asia-Pacific
      • 7.1.4.1.4. Latin America
      • 7.1.4.1.5. Middle East and Africa
• 7.2. Impact of Regulations on Market Dynamics
  • 7.2.1. Shift from Long-Chain to Short-Chain PFAS
  • 7.2.2. Growth in PFAS-Free Alternatives Market
  • 7.2.3. Regional Market Shifts Due to Regulatory Differences
• 7.3. Emerging Trends and Opportunities
  • 7.3.1. Green Chemistry Innovations
  • 7.3.2. Circular Economy Approaches
  • 7.3.3. Digital Technologies for PFAS Management
• 7.4. Challenges and Barriers to PFAS Substitution
  • 7.4.1. Technical Performance Gaps
  • 7.4.2. Cost Considerations
  • 7.4.3. Regulatory Uncertainty
• 7.5. Future Market Projections
  • 7.5.1. Short-Term Outlook (1-3 Years)
  • 7.5.2. Medium-Term Projections (3-5 Years)
  • 7.5.3. Long-Term Scenarios (5-10 Years)

8. COMPANY PROFILES (49 company profiles)

9. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

10. REFERENCES

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