2017년 이후 13개의 CAR-T 세포 치료가 여러 의료 시장에서 상업화에 이르고 있습니다. 7가지 치료법이 미국 FDA에 의해 승인된 후, 다른 주요 의료 시장에서도 승인이 발행되었습니다. 이러한 치료법에는 다음이 포함됩니다.
1. Kymriah(tisagenlecleucel)
2. Yescarta(axicabtagene ciloleucel)
3. Tecartus(brexucabtagene autoleucel)
4. Breyanzi(lisocabtagene maraleucel)
5. Abecma(idecabtagene vicleucel)
6. Carvykti(ciltacabtagene autoleucel)
7. Aucatzyl(obecabtagene autoleucel)
미국 밖에서는 중국의 NMPA에서 Relma-cel, Fucaso, Yuanruida 및 Zever-cel의 4가지 CAR-T 치료이 승인되었습니다. 또한 NexCAR19와 Qartemi의 두 가지 치료법이 인도 CDSCO로부터 승인을 받았습니다.
시장 확대와 산업 성장
이 규제 승인은 큰 고비이며 CAR-T 시장은 생명 공학에서 우위를 확립합니다. M&A는 특히 적극적이며 투자자의 강한 신뢰감을 보여줍니다. Celgene에 의한 Juno Therapeutics의 90억 달러 인수는 이 산업의 잠재력을 돋보이게 하고, 이어 Bristol-Myers Squibb(BMS)가 Celgene을 740억 달러로 인수했습니다. 또 다른 중요한 움직임은 길레드가 키트 파마를 119억 달러로 인수하여 이 분야의 입지를 더욱 강화했다는 점입니다. 또한 Astellas Pharma는 Xyphos Biosciences를 6억 6,500만 달러에 인수하여 포트폴리오를 확대했습니다. 이러한 거래는 주요 제약 기업이 CAR-T 기술에 투자하고 암 치료의 미래를 개척하려는 자세를 강화하고 있음을 보여줍니다.
CAR-T 치료이 진화를 계속하고 있는 가운데, 산업은 유전자 도입 효율의 향상이나 독성 위험의 경감 등 중요한 과제에 직면하고 있습니다. 연구자들은 CRISPR과 일렉트로포레이션 기술을 사용하여 T 세포의 변형을 강화하는 것을 적극적으로 모색하고 있는 반면, 타사는 CAR-T 활성을 제어하는 '온-오프' 스위치를 개발하고 있습니다.
임상시험은 혈액암에 비해 연주효율이 낮다는 것을 보여주므로 고형암 치료가 최대 장애물 중 하나임에 변함이 없습니다. 그 때문에 고형암 특이적 항원을 동정하고 이러한 암에 대한 효능을 향출시키는 데 주안을 두고 있습니다.
현재 진행 중인 임상시험의 75% 가까이와 출시가 끝난 모든 CAR-T 치료은 자가(환자 유래) 세포에 의존하고 있습니다. 그러나 다음 획기적인 획기적인 CAR-T 치료법은 제조의 간소화, 비용 절감, 환자 접근성을 확대할 수 있는 기성품 솔루션입니다.
세계 CAR-T 세포 치료 시장
CAR-T 세포 치료 시장은 초기 실험 치료에서 수십억 달러 규모의 산업으로 성장하여 세계적인 확산을 보이고 있습니다. 혈액암의 초기 성공은 보다 광범위한 응용을 위한 길을 열고 스타트업에서 선도적인 생명공학 기업에 이르기까지 다양한 기업들이 이 분야를 확대하기 위해 노력하고 있습니다. 기술 혁신이 진행되고 있기 때문에 CAR-T 치료의 장래는 세계의 암 치료에 혁명을 가져오는 헤아릴 수 없는 가능성을 지니고 있습니다.
다루는 기업과 조직
2seventy bio
Abintus Bio, Inc.
AffyImmune Therapeutics, Inc.
Aleta BioTherapeutics
Allogene Therapeutics
Anixa Biosciences, Inc.
Arbele, Ltd.
Arcellx
Atara Biotherapeutics
Aurora BioPharma
Autolus Therapeutics plc
AvenCell Europe GmbH
Beam Therapeutics, Inc.
Bellicum Pharmaceuticals
BioNTech
Biosceptre
Bluebird bio
Bristol Myers Squibb/Celgene Corporation
Cabaletta Bio
Carina Biotech
CARsgen Therapeutics
Cartesian Therapeutics
CARTherics Pty Ltd.
CASI Pharmaceuticals
Cellectis
CellGenix(Owned by Sartorius)
Celularity, Inc.
Celyad Oncology
CRISPR Therapeutics
Curocell, Inc.
DiaCarta
Elicera Therapeutics AB
EXUMA Biotech
Fate Therapeutics
Galapagos NV
Gilead Sciences, Inc.
Gracell Biotechnologies
IASO Biotherapeutics
ImmPACT Bio
Immuneel Therapeutics, Pvt., Ltd.
ImmunoACT
Interius BioTherapeutics
Juventas Cell Therapy
JW Therapeutics
Kite Pharma(Gilead)
Kyverna Therapeutics
Legend Biotech
Leucid Bio
Lonza
Luminary Therapeutics, Inc.
Lyell Immunopharma, Inc.
March Biosciences
MaxCyte, Inc.
Miltenyi Biotec
Minerva Biotechnologies Corporation
Mustang Bio
Noile-Immune Biotech
Novartis AG
Oncternal Therapeutics
Oxford Biomedica plc
PeproMene Bio, Inc.
Poseida Therapeutics, Inc.
Precigen, Inc.
Prescient Therapeutics
ProMab Biotechnologies, Inc.
Sartorius
SOTIO Biotech BV
Syngene International, Ltd.
Synthekine
T-CURX
TC BioPharm
Umoja Biopharma
University of Pennsylvania
ViTToria Biotherapeutics
Vor Biopharma
Wugen
WuXi Advanced Therapies
Xenetic Biosciences
Xyphos Biosciences, Inc.
기타 다수
목차
제1장 보고서 개요
보고서의 성명
주요 요약
소개
제2장 CAR-T 세포 치료: 기술 개발
CAR-T 세포 치료의 개요
CAR-T 개발의 진화
조혈 악성 세포에 존재하는 항원
T 세포에 수용체 유전자를 삽입하기 위한 도구
T 세포를 CAR-T세포로 전환
세계에서 사용할 수 있는 13가지의 CAR-T 치료 : 개략
Kymriah(tisagenlecleucel)
Yescarta(axicabtagene ciloleucel)
Tecartus(brexucabtagene autoleucel)
Breyanzi(lysocabtagene maraleucel)
Abecma(idecabtagene vicleucel)
Relma-cel(relmacabtagene autoleucel)
Carvykti(ciltacabtagene autoleucel)
Fucaso(equecabtagene autoleucel)
NexCAR19(actalycabtagene autoleucel)
Yuanruida(inaticabtagene autoleucel)
Zevor-cel(zevorcabtagene autoleucel)
Qartemi(varnimcabtagene autoleucel)
Aucatzyl(obecabtagene autoleucel)
세계의 CAR-T 치료 비용
CAR-T 치료에 따른 독성
제3장 미래의 CAR-T 치료에 대한 전략
스위처블 CAR(sCAR/Universal CAR)
어피니티-튠드 CAR
아머드 CAR
액체 암에서 고형 암으로의 이행
입원 기간의 단축에 주력
새로운 항원 발견에 주력
대중용 CAR-T
새로운 생체 내 CAR-T 접근법
mRNA 백신과의 조합
종양 용해성 바이러스와의 조합
제4장 CAR-T의 개발에 있어서 주요한 사건(1989-2024년)
CAR-T 세포 치료가 달성한 15가지 주요 이정표
향후의 CAR-T Stars
CAR-T의 대상이 되는 극소수의 암 환자
CAR-T 세포 치료의 장점
CAR-T 세포 치료의 단점
CAR-T 치료의 성공률
제5장 CAR-T 표적 항원
혈액암에 있어서 CAR-T 표적 항원
고형암의 CAR-T 표적 항원
임상시험에서 CAR-T 세포가 표적으로 하는 가장 일반적인 항원
제6장 CAR-T 세포의 스케일러블 제조
제조 공정
CAR-T 제조 플랫폼의 진화
동종 CAR-T 제조
현재 사용되고 있는 CAR-T 제조 플랫폼
CAR-T 제조 플랫폼의 비교
CAR-T 제조 비용
제7장 CAR-T 특허 정세
CAR-T 세포 치료 특허의 지리적 분포
CAR-T 세포 치료의 특허 출원인
CAR-T 특허 발명자
CAR-T 세포 치료의 특허 소유자
CAR-T 치료 특허의 법적 지위
특허의 수명을 연장하는 방법
제8장 CAR-T 임상시험 상황
CAR-T 임상시험 : 개발단계별
CAR-T 임상시험의 유형
CAR-T 임상시험 : 자금제공 유형별
임상시험의 대상이 되는 혈액암(액체암)의 유형
1개의 CAR-T에 의한 동시 표적
임상시험에 사용되는 CAR-T 생성 유형
CAR-T 시험 : 사용되는 SvFv별
CAR-T 시험 : 사용되는 벡터 유형별
임상시험에 있어서의 자가·동종 CAR-T
고형암에 초점을 맞춘 임상시험의 상황
제9장 PUBMED.GOV에서 공개된 CAR-T 학술논문
자가·동종 CAR-T 세포 치료에 관한 PubMed의 논문
액체 암과 고형 암에 대한 CAR-T 세포치료(2013-2024년)
CAR-T 세포 치료의 5세대에 관한 PubMed.gov의 논문
제10장 CAR-T의 자금 조달 상황
CAR-T 부문에서의 벤처 캐피탈의 자금 조달(2014-2024년)
CAR-T 기업에 투자된 IPO 자금(2014-2024년)
CAR-T의 라이선싱 계약
CAR-T의 공동 연구 계약
CAR-T의 합병·인수(M&A) 거래(2015-2024년)
CAR-T의 자금 조달 개요
제11장 CAR-T 세포치료의 비용·상환
새로운 결제 모델
승인된 CAR-T 세포치료의 정가
미국에서의 CAR-T 세포 치료의 상환
유럽에서 CAR-T 치료 비용
아시아태평양의 CAR-T 세포 치료
제12장 CAR-T의 대상이 되는 혈액암
급성 림프성 백혈병(ALL)
확산성 대세포형 B세포 림프종(DLBCL)
맨틀 세포 림프종(MCL)
다발성 골수종(MM)
혈액암 치료의 막대한 비용
제13장 시장 분석
CAR-T 세포 치료의 세계적 보급률(2017-2024년)
CAR-T 세포 치료 제품 세계 시장(2024-2032년)
CAR-T 치료 세계 시장 : 지역별(2024-2032년)
CAR-T 치료 세계 시장 : 적응증별(2024-2032년)
CAR-T 세포 치료의 세계적인 도입에 대한 장애
제14장 CAR-T 기업 : 개요
2seventy bio
Abintus Bio, Inc.
AffyImmune Therapeutics, Inc.
Aleta BioTherapeutics
Allogene Therapeutics
Anixa Biosciences, Inc.
Arbele, Ltd.
Arcellx
Atara Biotherapeutics
Aurora BioPharma
Autolus Therapeutics plc
AvenCell Europe GmbH
Beam Therapeutics, Inc
Bellicum Pharmaceuticals
BioNTech
Biosceptre
Bluebird bio
Bristol Myers Squibb/Celgene Corporation
Cabaletta Bio
Carina Biotech
CARsgen Therapeutics
Cartesian Therapeutics
CARTherics Pty Ltd.
CASI Pharmaceuticals
Cellectis
Celularity, Inc.
Celyad Oncology
CRISPR Therapeutics
Curocell, Inc.
DiaCarta
Elicera Therapeutics AB
EXUMA Biotech
Fate Therapeutics
Galapagos NV
Gilead Sciences, Inc.
Gracell Biotechnologies
IASO Biotherapeutics
ImmPACT Bio
Immuneel Therapeutics, Pvt., Ltd.
ImmunoACT
Interius BioTherapeutics
Juventas Cell Therapy
JW Therapeutics
Kite Pharma(Gilead)
Kyverna Therapeutics
Legend Biotech
Leucid Bio
Luminary Therapeutics, Inc.
Lyell Immunopharma, Inc.
March Biosciences
MaxCyte, Inc.
Minerva Biotechnologies Corporation
Mustang Bio
Noile-Immune Biotech
Novartis AG
Oncternal Therapeutics
Oxford Biomedica plc
PeproMene Bio, Inc.
Poseida Therapeutics, Inc.
Precigen, Inc.
Prescient Therapeutics
ProMab Biotechnologies, Inc.
SOTIO Biotech BV
Syngene International, Ltd
Synthekine
TC BioPharm
T-CURX
Umoja Biopharma
ViTToria Biotherapeutics
Vor Biopharma
Wugen
WuXi Advanced Therapies
Xenetic Biosciences
Xyphos Biosciences, Inc
다이어그램 색인
테이블 색인
KTH
영문 목차
영문목차
AR-T cell therapy is a groundbreaking advancement in cancer treatment, offering remarkable promise for patients. This form of immunotherapy harnesses the power of the body's own immune cells, modifying them in a laboratory to enhance their ability to recognize and destroy cancer cells. Once infused back into the patient, these engineered cells multiply and persist in the body as "living drugs," continually working to fight the disease.
T-cells, a crucial component of the immune system, form the foundation of CAR-T therapy. These immune workhorses play a key role in directing immune responses and eliminating infected or abnormal cells. In CAR-T cell therapy, a patient's blood is drawn, and T-cells are separated out. Scientists then use a disarmed virus to genetically engineer these cells to express chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) on their surface. These CARs enable the T-cells to specifically target antigens found on cancer cells, leading to their destruction upon infusion back into the patient.
Global Regulatory Approvals
Since 2017, 13 CAR-T cell therapies have reached commercialization across multiple healthcare markets. Seven therapies have been approved by the U.S. FDA, after which approvals for them were issued in other major healthcare markets as well. These therapies include:
1. Kymriah (tisagenlecleucel)
2. Yescarta (axicabtagene ciloleucel)
3. Tecartus (brexucabtagene autoleucel)
4. Breyanzi (lisocabtagene maraleucel)
5. Abecma (idecabtagene vicleucel)
6. Carvykti (ciltacabtagene autoleucel)
7. Aucatzyl (obecabtagene autoleucel)
Beyond the U.S., four CAR-T therapies-Relma-cel, Fucaso, Yuanruida, and Zever-cel-have been approved by China's National Medical Products Administration (NMPA). Additionally, two therapies, NexCAR19 and Qartemi, have received approval from India's Central Drugs Standard Control Organisation (CDSCO).
Market Expansion and Industry Growth
These regulatory approvals mark a major milestone, solidifying the CAR-T market as a dominant force in biotech. Mergers and acquisitions have been particularly aggressive, demonstrating strong investor confidence. Celgene's acquisition of Juno Therapeutics for $9 billion underscored the industry's potential, followed by Bristol-Myers Squibb (BMS) acquiring Celgene for $74 billion. Another significant move was Gilead's acquisition of Kite Pharma for $11.9 billion, further strengthening its position in the space. Additionally, Astellas Pharma expanded its portfolio by purchasing Xyphos Biosciences for $665 million. These transactions highlight the increasing commitment from major pharmaceutical companies to invest in CAR-T technologies and shape the future of cancer treatment.
As CAR-T therapy continues to evolve, the industry faces key challenges, including improving gene-transfer efficiency and mitigating toxicity risks. Researchers are actively exploring CRISPR and electroporation technologies to enhance T-cell modification, while others develop "on-off" switches to regulate CAR-T activity.
One of the biggest hurdles remains the treatment of solid tumors, as clinical trials have shown lower response rates compared to blood cancers. Thus, a major focus is on identifying solid tumor-specific antigens to improve efficacy in these cancers.
Currently, nearly 75% of ongoing clinical trials and all marketed CAR-T therapies rely on autologous (patient-derived) cells. However, the next breakthrough lies in allogeneic CAR-T therapies-off-the-shelf solutions that could streamline manufacturing, reduce costs, and expand patient accessibility.
Global CAR-T Cell Therapy Market
The CAR-T cell therapy market has grown from early experimental treatments to a multi-billion-dollar industry with global reach. Early successes in blood cancers have paved the way for broader applications, with companies ranging from startups to biotech giants working to expand the field. As innovation continues, the future of CAR-T therapy holds immense potential to revolutionize cancer treatment worldwide.
This report aims to provide readers with the following insights:
An overview of CAR-T therapy, covering the structure and function of T cells, how they normally act on infected cells, and how they are "armed" with engineered receptors to target and destroy cancer cells.
A breakdown of chimeric antigen receptors (CARs), cancer cell antigens, CAR-T cell manufacturing, and the available CAR-T products, including autologous and allogeneic CAR-Ts.
A brief history of CAR-T therapy, highlighting its evolution from 1989 to the present, its transformative potential, and the accelerating activities within the CAR-T sector.
An examination of the manufacturing process and the costs associated with developing autologous and allogeneic CAR-T cell therapies.
An overview of cancer biomarkers or antigens targeted by CAR-T cells.
A detailed analysis of the global CAR-T patent landscape, including leading sponsors, inventors, and regions
An in-depth look at the rates, types, and trends for clinical trials involving CAR-T cells.
A review of the rates and types of CAR-T cell therapy scientific publications.
An overview of NIH grants awarded to support CAR-T cell therapy research.
A review of industry dealmaking and strategic partnerships within the CAR-T sector in 2024.
Descriptions of CAR-T therapies, including Kymriah, Yescarta, Tecartus, Breyanzi, Abecma, Relma-cel, Carvykti, NexCAR19, Yuanruida, Qartemi, Aucatzyl, Fucaso, and Zever-cel.
A review of reimbursement policies for CAR-T therapies in the U.S. and outcome-based reimbursement policies in Europe.
A global market analysis for CAR-T cell therapies by Geography, Product, and Indication.
Profiles of leading CAR-T cell therapy market competitors, including their novel products, emerging candidates, and proprietary technology platforms.
Key Questions Answered in This Report:
What are T cells, and how do they target and destroy infected cells and pathogens?
How are T cells armed with chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) to become CAR-T cells?
What do first-, second-, third-, fourth-, and fifth-generation CAR-T therapies refer to?
How are CAR genes inserted into T cells?
What are the features of the FDA-approved CAR-T therapies currently available?
What future developments are expected within the CAR-T sector?
Which new CAR-T products are anticipated to enter the market soon?
How many automated manufacturing systems are available for CAR-T production?
Which antigens are most commonly targeted in liquid and solid cancers?
What is the number of CAR-T-related patent publications and granted patents from 2012 to present?
Which countries hold the most CAR-T patents?
Which companies have filed the most CAR-T patents?
Who are the top CAR-T patent inventors?
How many CAR-T-related clinical trials have been registered from 2003 to the present?
Which biomarker antigens dominate the CAR-T clinical trial landscape?
How many CAR-T deals were signed in 2023-2024 and who entered into them?
What is the current market size for FDA-approved CAR-T therapies?
What promising CAR-T candidates are expected to reach commercialization soon?
How are CAR-T therapies reimbursed in the U.S. and Europe?
What is the market size for CAR-T therapies by geography, product, and indication?
Which major companies are developing CAR-T cell therapies?
This global strategic report will position you to:
1. Capitalize on rapidly emerging trends
2. Optimize decision-making
3. Reduce company risk
4. Approach partners/investors for collaboration or funding
5. Implement an informed and advantageous business strategy in 2025
With the competitive nature of this global market, you don't have the time to do the research. Claim this report to become immediately informed, without missing critical opportunities.
Companies and Organizations Mentioned:
2seventy bio
Abintus Bio, Inc.
AffyImmune Therapeutics, Inc.
Aleta BioTherapeutics
Allogene Therapeutics
Anixa Biosciences, Inc.
Arbele, Ltd.
Arcellx
Atara Biotherapeutics
Aurora BioPharma
Autolus Therapeutics plc
AvenCell Europe GmbH
Beam Therapeutics, Inc.
Bellicum Pharmaceuticals
BioNTech
Biosceptre
Bluebird bio
Bristol Myers Squibb/Celgene Corporation
Cabaletta Bio
Carina Biotech
CARsgen Therapeutics
Cartesian Therapeutics
CARTherics Pty Ltd.
CASI Pharmaceuticals
Cellectis
CellGenix (Owned by Sartorius)
Celularity, Inc.
Celyad Oncology
CRISPR Therapeutics
Curocell, Inc.
DiaCarta
Elicera Therapeutics AB
EXUMA Biotech
Fate Therapeutics
Galapagos NV
Gilead Sciences, Inc.
Gracell Biotechnologies
IASO Biotherapeutics
ImmPACT Bio
Immuneel Therapeutics, Pvt., Ltd.
ImmunoACT
Interius BioTherapeutics
Juventas Cell Therapy
JW Therapeutics
Kite Pharma (Gilead)
Kyverna Therapeutics
Legend Biotech
Leucid Bio
Lonza
Luminary Therapeutics, Inc.
Lyell Immunopharma, Inc.
March Biosciences
MaxCyte, Inc.
Miltenyi Biotec
Minerva Biotechnologies Corporation
Mustang Bio
Noile-Immune Biotech
Novartis AG
Oncternal Therapeutics
Oxford Biomedica plc
PeproMene Bio, Inc.
Poseida Therapeutics, Inc.
Precigen, Inc.
Prescient Therapeutics
ProMab Biotechnologies, Inc.
Sartorius
SOTIO Biotech BV
Syngene International, Ltd.
Synthekine
T-CURX
TC BioPharm
Umoja Biopharma
University of Pennsylvania
ViTToria Biotherapeutics
Vor Biopharma
Wugen
WuXi Advanced Therapies
Xenetic Biosciences
Xyphos Biosciences, Inc.
And Many More
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. REPORT OVERVIEW
1.1. Statement of the Report
1.2. Executive Summary
1.3. Introduction
2. CAR-T CELL THERAPY: TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT
2.1. An Overview of CAR-T cell Therapy
2.2. Evolution of CAR-T Development
2.2.1. CAR-T cell Therapy Technology Progression
2.2.1.1. First Generation CARs
2.2.1.2. Second Generation CARs
2.2.1.3. Third Generation CARs
2.2.1.4. Fourth Generation CARs
2.2.1.5. Fifth Generation CARs
2.3. Antigens Present on Hematological Malignant Cells
2.4. Tools for Inserting Receptor Genes into T cells
2.5. Transforming T cells into CAR-T cells
2.6. The 13 CAR-T Therapies Available Globally: A Brief Overview
2.6.1. Kymriah (tisagenlecleucel)
2.6.1.1. Manufacturing
2.6.1.2. Indication
2.6.1.3. Dosage Composition
2.6.1.4. Approval History of Kymriah
2.6.1.5. Sales Revenue
2.6.2. Yescarta (axicabtagene ciloleucel)
2.6.2.1. Manufacturing of Yescarta
2.6.2.2. Indication
2.6.2.3. Dosage Composition
2.6.2.4. Approval History of Yescarta
2.6.2.5. Sales Revenue
2.6.3. Tecartus (brexucabtagene autoleucel)
2.6.3.1. Manufacturing of Tecartus
2.6.3.2. Indication
2.6.3.3. Dosage Composition
2.6.3.4. Approval History of Tecartus
2.6.3.5. Sales Revenue
2.6.4. Breyanzi (lysocabtagene maraleucel)
2.6.4.1. Manufacturing of Breyanzi
2.6.4.2. Indication
2.6.4.3. Dosage Composition
2.6.4.4. Approval History of Breyanzi
2.6.4.5. Sales Revenue
2.6.5. Abecma (idecabtagene vicleucel)
2.6.5.1. Manufacturing of Abecma
2.6.5.2. Indications
2.6.5.3. Dosage Composition
2.6.5.4. Approval History of Abecma
2.6.5.5. Sales Revenue
2.6.6. Relma-cel (relmacabtagene autoleucel)
2.6.7. Carvykti (ciltacabtagene autoleucel)
2.6.7.1. Manufacturing of Carvykti
2.6.7.2. Indications
2.6.7.3. Dosage
2.6.7.4. Approval History of Carvykti
2.6.7.5. Sales Revenue
2.6.8. Fucaso (equecabtagene autoleucel)
2.6.8.1. Dosage & Overall Response Rate
2.6.9. NexCAR19 (actalycabtagene autoleucel)
2.6.10. Yuanruida (inaticabtagene autoleucel)
2.6.11. Zevor-cel (zevorcabtagene autoleucel)
2.6.12. Qartemi (varnimcabtagene autoleucel)
2.6.12.1. Indication & Dosage
2.6.12.2. Product Description & Mechanism of Action
2.6.12.3. Manufacture
2.6.13. Aucatzyl (obecabtagene autoleucel)
2.6.13.1. Manufacturing
2.6.13.2. Indication & Dosage
2.6.13.3. Approval
2.6.13.4. Wholesale Price
2.7. Cost of CAR-T Therapy around the World
2.8. Toxicities Associated with CAR-T Treatment
3. STRATEGIES FOR FUTURE CAR-T THERAPIES
3.1. Switchable CARs (sCARs/Universal CARs)
3.1.1. Switchable CAR-Ts in the Clinic
3.1.2. Suicide Genes
3.1.3. Transient Transfection
3.2. Affinity-Tuned CARs
3.3. Armored CARs
3.4. Shift from Liquid Cancers to Solid Cancers
3.5. Focus on Shortening Hospital Stay
3.6. Focus on Discovering New Antigens
3.7. CAR-T for the Masses
3.8. New In Vivo CAR-T Approaches
3.9. Combination with mRNA Vaccine
3.10. Combination with Oncolytic Virus
4. MAJOR EVENTS DURING THE DEVELOPMENT OF CAR-T, 1989-2024
4.1. Major 15 Milestones Crossed by CAR-T cell Therapy
4.1.1. First CAR Developed by Zelig Eshhar (1993)
4.1.2. Development of First Generation CAR-T (1993)
4.1.3. First Effective CAR-T Cells Developed (2002)
4.1.4. Second Generation CARs Developed (2003)
4.1.5. Recipe for CD19 CARs Published (2009)
4.1.6. Coley Award Given for CAR-T Cell Therapy (2012)
4.1.7. Results for CAR-T Leukemia Published (2013)
4.1.8. Cancer Immunotherapy Voted "Breakthrough of the Year" (2013)
4.1.9. FDA Designates CARs a "Breakthrough" Therapy (2014)
4.1.10. Mesothelin-Directed CARs Developed (2014)
4.1.11. Armored CARs Developed (2015)
4.1.12. CRISPR CARs Built (2017)
4.1.13. First CAR-T Crosses Regulatory Finish Line (August 30, 2017)
